Temp And Heat Exchang3e

Question 1

Describe the temperature reference points of the centigrade scale used in NZ aviation

Answer 1

0ºC = water freezing point or ice melting point
100ºC = water boiling point

Only at 1013.25hPA

If pressure reduced water will boil at lower temp

Question 2

Explain the factors influencing the amount of solar radiation received at earths surface

Answer 2

Cloud cover, suns angle of incidence to surface (season, latitude, time of day) mountains and albedo

Question 3

Explain the warming or cooling of the atmosphere with reference to solar and terrestrial radiation

Answer 3

Daytime = earth receives more energy that it emits heating the atmosphere

Night time = earth emits more energy that it receives cooling the atmosphere

Question 4

Describe conduction

Answer 4

Transfer of heat by touch, happens faster in solids and liquids than gas and will only heat the first 10cm of air.

Question 5

Describe convection

Answer 5

Transfer warm air from surface to upper troposphere. As warm air rises cool air sinks creating a convective current

Question 6

Explain advection

Answer 6

Warm advection = warm air moving to colder areas
•Cold advection = cold air moving to warmer areas

Question 7

Define specific heat

Answer 7

Amount of solar radiation required to raise temperature by 1°C
•Requires large amounts of solar radiation = high specific heat
•Requires low amounts of solar radiation = low specific heat

Question 8

Define albedo

Answer 8

How reflective something is to solar radiation
•Reflects large amounts/lighter colours = high albedo
•Reflects small amounts/darker colours = low albedo

Question 9

Explain significance in terms of heating at the earths surface of specific heat

Answer 9

• Land has a low specific heat
  •The ocean has a high specific heat
  •Land heats/cools faster than ocean
  •Creates pressure differential which creates a sea breeze or land breeze

Question 10

Explain the significance in terms of heating at earths surface of ALBEDO

Answer 10

• Mountains covered in snow reflect solar radiation keeping them cool

•Dark roads absorb solar radiation and heat up faster
•Dark sand beaches absorb more radiation than light sand beaches
•Ocean waves make heating harder as sun angle is always changing

Question 11

Explain significance of INSOLATION in regards to surface heating

Answer 11

Means amount of solar radiation which strikes the Earths surface
•Depends on: the angle of incidence of the sun’s rays
•Duration of day and distance from sun
•Transparency of the atmosphere