Tema 2 - Agua y Moleculas Organicas

Question 1

Cual es la función de las Lisomas?

Answer 1

Un tipo de vesícula, ayudan con la digestion celular. Tienen enzimas hidrolicticas que se activan en un medio ácido. Estás enzimas ayudan a degradar macromoléculas como proteínas, lípidos, núcleos ácidos, etc.

Question 2

Cuales enlaces tiene moléculas de agua

Answer 2

Convalentes - puentes de hidrogeno con otras moleculas de agua H—O

Question 3

Donde se forman puentes de hidrógeno?

Answer 3

Se puede formar entre cualquier átomo de H que esté unido convalentemente a un átomo q posee fuerte atracción por los electrones de otro átomo

Question 4

Los 4 tipos de moléculas orgánicas

Answer 4

Lípidos
Carbs
Proteínas
Ácidos nucleicos

Question 5

Compuestos formados solo por carbono e hidrógeno se conocen como…?

Answer 5

Hidrocarburos

Question 6

Función de hidratos de carbono

Answer 6

Almanecimiento de energía

Question 7

Tres tipos de carbohidratos

Answer 7

Monosacaridos , disacaridos, polisacaridos.

Question 8

Tipos de monosacaridos

Answer 8

Ribosa, glucosa , fructosa - 1 molécula de azúcar

Question 9

Tipos de disacaridos

Answer 9

Sacarosa, maltosa, lactosa- 2 moléculas de azúcar unidas convalent

Question 10

Tipos de polisacaridos

Answer 10

Celulosa , almidón - muchas moléculas unidas

Question 11

Las moléculas grandes , compuesta de muchas chiquitas moléculas , se conocen como ________, y las subunidades de esos se llaman _______

Answer 11

Polímeros , monomeros

Question 12

Fuente principal de energía , que es un monosacarido, y su función :

Answer 12

Glucosa , energía lista

Question 13

Un disacarido está compuesto por dos : _______

Answer 13

Monosacaridos

Question 14

In disaccharide sintesis , one molecule of water is eliminated in the process, which creates a bond between molecules called :

Answer 14

Enlance glucidico

Question 15

When a disacharride is split into is monosacharrides, (when energy is needed) water will separate them. this process is called…..

Answer 15

hydrolisis

Question 16

what are polysacharrides made out of

Answer 16

monosacharide chains

Question 17

glucogen, is a type of __________, and it stores sugar in most animals.

Answer 17

polysacharide

Question 18

lipids store more energy than carbs do. true or false

Answer 18

true

Question 19

funcion de los lipidos

Answer 19

store energy , chemical messengers , stuctural functions

Question 20

una molecula de grasa esta compuesta de_________

Answer 20

glicerol backbone, 2 fatty acids and a phosphate group

Question 21

que es el glicerol?

Answer 21

un alcohol de tres Carbonos, con tres grupos hidroxilos.

Question 22

what are fatty acids made up of? ( acidos grasos)

Answer 22

a long chain of hydrocrabons that ends with a carboxil group
(COOH). The chain is hydrophobic, insides hydrophilic

Question 23

Fatty acids are joined together by what type of synthesis?

Answer 23

dehydration synthesis (condesacion)

Question 24

what are Triglycerides

Answer 24

a fat conatining of three fatty acid chains linked by glycerol, they are neutral and non - polar, making them hydrophobic

Question 25

what is a saturated fatty acid?

Answer 25

no double bonds between atoms and molecules, all possibilities of bonding are complete for all carbon atoms in the chain

Question 26

what is an unsaturated fatty acid?

Answer 26

double bonds between atoms of carbon, atoms have the chance to bond to other atoms.

Question 27

what are phospholipids made out of

Answer 27

long fatty acid chains attached to a glycerol skeleton, and a phosphate group

Question 28

what are glycolipids made out of

Answer 28

long fatty acid chain, attached to a glycerol skeleton, last glycerol molecule attached to a short chain of carbohydrate.

Question 29

diferente tipos de proteinas

Answer 29

enzimas, hormonas, proteinas de almanecimiento, de trasnporte, contractiles, anticuerpos, proetinas de membrana ,etc

Question 30

what are proteins polimers of

Answer 30

aminoacids

Question 31

como esta compuesto un amino acido?

Answer 31

grupo amino (H2N) , grupo carboxilo (COOH) , y grupo lateral (R) que define el tipo de amino acido

Question 32

when amino acids combine through dehydration synthesis, what covalent bond forms? what do they form

Answer 32

peptide bond, forming a polypeptide

Question 33

estructura primaria de una proteina

Answer 33

sequence of amino acids, in a chain ( dictated by hereditary info in the cell)

Question 34

estructura secundaria de una proteina

Answer 34

the sequence of amino acids starts to form either a alfa helix, or a beta pleaded sheet shape, formed by hydrogen bridges linking C-O.

Question 35

estructura terciara de una proteina

Answer 35

folding of the protein as hydrogen bridges are interrupted, and disulfide bridges form. R groups with opposite charges attract, hydrophilic ends extend outwards, and hydrophobic ends inward. thus protein starts folding, creating tri-dimensional shape

Question 36

estructura cuaternaria de una proteina

Answer 36

interaction of two or more polypeptide chains , held tgt by a combination of hydrogen, disulfide bridges, opp. charges, etc.

Question 37

what are nucleic acids made out of

Answer 37

nucleotide chains

Question 38

what is a nucleotide made out of

Answer 38

phosphate group, pentose, nitrogenous base

Question 39

que tipo de enlance tienen los nucleotidos que hacen nucleo acidos?

Answer 39

enlances fosfodiester

Question 40

Que tipo de azucar esta en los nucleotidos que forman RNA

Answer 40

Ribosa

Question 41

Tipo de azucar que forma nucleotidos de DNA

Answer 41

desoxirribosa

Question 42

Las 5 bases nitrogenadas, purinas o pirimidas

Answer 42

adenina - guanina
(purinas, dos anillos de C)
citosina, timina, uracilo
(pirimidas, anillo de C unico)

Question 43

cual de las bases nitorgenadas solo se encuentra en RNA, y cual solo en la DNA

Answer 43

uracilo Rna
timina Dna

Question 44

ladder of the double helix ( nucleotide to nueclotide) in dna is bonded by

Answer 44

hydrogen bridges
Adenina - timina ( dos puentes de H)
Guanina - citosina ( tres puentes de H)

Question 45

DNA function

Answer 45

build chromosomes, genetic material

Question 46

RNA function

Answer 46

transcribe genetic coding in dna, to turn into proteins.

Question 47

cual es el principal portador de energia

Answer 47

ATP ( trifosfato de adenosina)

Question 48

what is ATP made out of

Answer 48

three phosphate groups, one ribose, and a adenine nucleotide.