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Ampliación de biología celular > Tema 1 Ampliación biocel > Flashcards

Tema 1 Ampliación biocel Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the main theories regarding the origin of life?

A
  • Creationism
  • Spontaneous Generation / Abiogenesis
  • Panspermia
  • Chemical and Cellular Evolution
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2
Q

What is the role of chemical evolution in the origin of life?

A

Chemical Evolution preceded life formation

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3
Q

In what type of atmosphere did life evolve according to the theory of origin of life?

A

Reducing atmosphere containing H2, H2O, NH3, CH4, and CO2, but not O2

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4
Q

What did organic molecules do to prevent destruction in the early Earth conditions?

A

Created a membrane around themselves

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5
Q

What are the three steps proposed by Aleksander Oparin for the origin of life?

A
  • Origin of organic precursors
  • Origin of biomolecules
  • Origin of cellular organization
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6
Q

What is the significance of RNA in the first cells?

A

First cells used RNA as ribozymes and genetic material

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7
Q

What does LUCA stand for in the context of evolutionary biology?

A

Last Universal Common Ancestor

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8
Q

Which theory explains the origin of eukaryotic cells?

A

Endosymbiotic theory

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9
Q

What did Robert Hooke contribute to cell biology?

A

Described that all organisms are composed of one or more cells

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10
Q

What is Rudolf Virchow known for in cell theory?

A

Cells can only originate by division of a pre-existing cell

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11
Q

Fill in the blank: The cell is the _______ of life.

A

structural unit

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12
Q

What is the main idea of the RNA World Hypothesis?

A

RNA was the first genetic material

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13
Q

What does the superphylum DPANN include?

A

Nanoarchaeota and other groups of archaea with small genomes

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14
Q

According to Koonin’s research, what is suggested about the origin of eukaryotes?

A

Origin of eukaryotes from within archaea

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15
Q

What key proteins are likely present in LUCA?

A
  • 355 proteins
  • 19 proteins involved in ribosome biogenesis
  • Eight aminoacyl tRNA synthetases
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16
Q

What was a significant event in 1967 regarding eukaryotic cells?

A

Endosymbiotic origin of the eukaryotic cell

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17
Q

What are the two enzymes involved in energy metabolism in LUCA?

A
  • Phosphotransacetylase
  • ATP synthase subunit
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18
Q

True or False: Mitochondria originated by endosymbiosis of a prokaryote capable of generating ATP through respiration.

A

True

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19
Q

What happened to the cell wall during the endosymbiotic origin of eukaryotic cells?

A

Loss of cell wall

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20
Q

What did the folding of the membrane in early eukaryotic cells increase?

A

Nutrient absorption surface

21
Q

Fill in the blank: The primitive digestive vesicles were converted into _______ by using enzymes from the endoplasmic reticulum.

22
Q

What is a defining feature of mitochondria and chloroplasts in relation to bacteria?

A

Contain closed circular double-stranded DNA

23
Q

What type of division do mitochondria and chloroplasts undergo?

A

Binary fission

24
Q

What type of organism lived in environments where organic matter was abundant and oxygen was non-existent?

A

Anaerobic organism

25
Que hizo Hans Lippershey?
Invento el Telescopio
26
Cuál es la teoría de Oparin & Haldane
El origen de la vida desde una sopa promogenita
27
Que hizo Zaccharias Jansen?
Invento el microscopio, trabajaba con lentes y pudo experimentar hasta conseguir augmentar el nivell de observacions
28
Que hizo Anton van Leeuwenhoek
Reinvento el microscopio de Zaccharias, De lente biconvexos de 200 aumentos. Padre de la microbiología, observó y describió insectos entre otros. Era fabricante de telas
29
Que hizo Robert Hook?
Fue el primero en describir las células a partir del corcho
30
Que hizo Robert Brown?
1831, Descubrió el núcleo de la célula a partir de una orchidea
31
Que hizo Matthias Schleiden?
Aporto en la Teoria Celular "Plantas are madre of a cell and plantes embryo comes from a single cell" Era fisiologo vegetal, creia que el embion de la planta venia de d'una substància primordial
32
Que hizo Theodore Schwann?
2. Intervino en la Teoría Celular Dijo: "All organismos are composed of one or more cell" "The cell structure os the unit of the life" Añadio los animales a la teoría de Matthias Schleiden
33
Que hizo Rudolf Virchow?
3. Intervino en la Teoría Celular "Cells can only originate by división of a pre-existing cell" Esto contradice el Matías que creía que los embriones se generaban espontaneamente
34
Postulates of cell theory
All living organisms are composed of one or more cells (Structural Unit) Chemical reactions of metabolism occur in cells (Functional Unit) Every cell comes from another pre-existing cell (Unit of Origin) The cell contains the genetic information of living beings (Unit of Inheritance)
35
Porque el O2 no habria permirido el desarrollo de las reacciones necesarias, para la formacion de los compuestos organicos?
Porque el O2 es muy reactivo y habria quitado los electrones necesarios para los compuestos organicos. Por eso la admosfera primitiva era reductora
36
Cuanto tiempo lleva la vida en la Terra vs cuanto tiempo tiene el universo
0.8 billones de años de vida en la tierra y 10-20 billones de años tiene el universo.
37
Como se llama el experimento del caldo primigenio?
Miller/Ugrey Experiment
38
El experimento de Miller/Urey Experiment, que había dentro del caldo y que se formo?
Lo que había: H2, H2O, NH3, CH4 Lo que se formo: 13 de 20 aa que existen. En otros experimentos similares se llegaron a formar nucleotidos, ATP y fosfatos
39
Que hizo el Walter Gilbert?
Propuso la RNA World Hypotesis
40
Que dice la teoria de RNA world hypotesis
Propone que el RNA era la molécula principal antes de que existiera el ADN y las encinas catalíticas. El RNA gracias a su poder almazenador y catalítico substituïa estàs moleculas.
41
42
Cuando fue el mundo del RNA?
Hace 4 millones de años
43
Como se llamaba el nucleótido antiguo?
Nucleoside phospho rimidaz olides
44
Que es el 2-amino imidaz olim? Para que sirve
Junta los nucleótidos primitivos: -Augmenta la reactividad de los enlaces fosfodiester de los nucleótidos -Polimeriza muy rápido -Estabiliza los reactivos
45
Como se llamaba la unidad básica del RNA de ahora VS el de antes. En que se diferencian
Ahora: Ribonucleoside RNA Antes: Arabinonucleoside. ANA El ANA tiene el carbono C2' hacia arriba en posición trans
46
Que filos están más juntos
Archaea ha evolucionado más cerca de los eukariota que las bacterias
47
Cuantos genes son comunes el los 3 filos?
11 055 genes
48
Que es la vía de Wood-Ljungdahl (WL)?
La usan autótrofos anaerobios que fijan CO2, produciendo su propia materia orgánica en ausencia de CO2 y generan Acetil-CoA (importante para producción de energía. Vía presente en LUCA
49

Ampliación de biología celular (2 decks)

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