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Ethics > Teleological Ethics > Flashcards

Teleological Ethics Flashcards

1
Q

What is the principle of utility?

A

“The greatest happiness for the greatest number”

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2
Q

What type of theory is “Act Utilitarianism”?

A

Teleological, Relativist, Consequentialist

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3
Q

What does it mean to be a relativist theory?

A

An action is right or wrong depending on the situation

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4
Q

What does pitman to be a consequentialist theory?

A

The morality of an action should depend on the consequences it brings about

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5
Q

What are the benefits that should be considered about an action according to Bentham?

A
  • duration of benefits
  • intensity of said benefits
  • how long until the benefits occur
  • if there are going to be further benefits
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6
Q

What are the three major parts of Bentham’s work?

A
  • Motivation of human beings and the concept of good and bad
  • Principle of utility
  • Hedonic Calculus
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7
Q

What are the seven criteria of the hedonic calculus (PRIDE FC) ?

A

Purity, Remoteness, Intensity, Duration, Extent, Fecundity, Certainty

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8
Q

What is the criteria purity mean in the hedonic calculus?

A

How little pain is caused by the action

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9
Q

What is the criteria remoteness mean in the hedonic calculus?

A

When the happiness will come into affect

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10
Q

What is the criteria intensity mean in the hedonic calculus?

A

The strength of the happiness

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11
Q

What is the criteria duration mean in the hedonic calculus?

A

The length of the happiness

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12
Q

What is the criteria extent mean in the hedonic calculus?

A

The amount of people that will experience the happiness

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13
Q

What is the criteria fecundity mean in the hedonic calculus?

A

What’s the likelihood that there will be further happiness from an act

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14
Q

What is the criteria certainty mean in the hedonic calculus?

A

How sure are we that this action will cause happiness

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15
Q

What was the purpose behind the hedonic calculus?

A

To calculate if an action should be done or not

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16
Q

Who is associated with rule utilitarianism?

A

John Stuart Mill

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17
Q

What type of theory is rule utilitarianism?

A

Relativist, Teleological and Consequentialist

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18
Q

What is the difference between rule utilitarianism and act utilitarianism?

A

Bentham -> Quality

Mill -> Quantity

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19
Q

How does Mill define happiness as?

A

Something cultural and spiritual rather than just physical

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20
Q

What is a higher pleasure according to Mill?

A

Pleasures of the mind / intellectual pleasures and longer lasting e.g. studying, reading and other things of the same nature

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21
Q

What is a lower pleasure according to Mill?

A

Pleasures of the body / physical pleasures and short term

22
Q

What is the harm principle?

A

Harm can only be done when it is for the greater good, common good, not just for personal gain.

23
Q

What is swine ethic?

A

The idea that a horrific act can be argued simply because the needs of the many outweigh the needs of the minority e.g. gang rape

24
Q

Mill supports altruism, what is altruism?

A

Putting others before yourself. The best way to ensure lasting happiness is for people to try and make each other happy.

25
Q

What was the expectations that mill had about altruism?

A
  • Each person desires their own happiness
  • Therefore each person should aim for their own happiness
  • Therefore, everyone out to aim at the happiness of everyone (principle of universalisability)
  • Utilitarian rules are necessary to do this
26
Q

What is Strong Rule Utilitarianism?

A

People believe that the derived rules should never be disobeyed, but followed as moral absolutes

27
Q

What is Weak Rule Utilitarianism?

A

People believe that the rules set by this should be rough guidelines instead of absolutes and there can be alternative action that would bring better happiness

28
Q

How do rule utilitarians believe rules are formed?

A

They are formed using utilitarian principles for the benefit of society

29
Q

What is the basic principle that Fletcher uses to present Situation Ethics?

A

There is nothing which is good in itself except love

30
Q

What type of theory is situation ethics?

A

Relativist, Teleological and Consequentialist

31
Q

What is situation ethics?

A

Based on the primary principle of love, more importantly “agape” love which is a selfless love that puts the needs of others first.

32
Q

What does fletcher say that conscience is?

A

The description of a moral decision, not the decider of the moral decision. Meaning we shouldn’t turn to our conscience.

33
Q

What is legalism?

A

An ethical approach based on rules which people make moral decisions using. And these rules shouldn’t be broken

34
Q

What is Fletcher’s view of legalism?

A

He thinks its silly for people to enter a situation already having what they should do decided for them instead of what they should do being decided in the moment

35
Q

What is antinomianism?

A

The idea that no one is under any obligation to obey laws in any capacity, no rule provides solutions instead it is found through intuition

36
Q

What is Fletcher’s view of antinomianism?

A

It is insane to have no way to form decisions because this would simply result in anarchy

37
Q

What is the key quote said by the St Louis Cabbie?

A

“There are times a man has to push his principles aside and do the right thing”

38
Q

What are the four working principles of situation ethics?

A
  • Personalism
  • Pragmatism
  • Theological Positivism
  • Relativism
39
Q

What is the meaning of the working principle personalism?

A

People must come first before the law

40
Q

What is the meaning of the working principle pragmatism?

A

The act must be pragmatic (practicable)

41
Q

What is the meaning of the working principle theological positivism?

A

It is essential to make a deliberate decision in favour of the claim of faith that ‘God is love’

42
Q

What is the meaning of the working principle relativism?

A

Always act on the basis of relativism rather than absolutism

43
Q

What is the first of the six fundamental principles of situation ethics?

A

Nothing is good in and of itself except agape

44
Q

What is the second of the six fundamental principles of situation ethics?

A

The ruling norm of Christian decision making is love and nothing else

45
Q

What is the third of the six fundamental principles of situation ethics?

A

Love and justice are the same - justice is love distributed

46
Q

What is the fourth of the six fundamental principles of situation ethics?

A

Love wills the neighbour’s good, whether we like him / her or not

47
Q

What is the fifth of the six fundamental principles of situation ethics?

A

Only the ends justifies the means.

48
Q

What is the sixth of the six fundamental principles of situation ethics?

A

Love’s decisions are made in the context of particular situations

49
Q

What does situation ethics say about homosexuality?

A

Homosexual is ethical, if the motive is genuine love and not sexual desire -> if there is mutual commitment and responsibility in the relationship

50
Q

What does situation ethics say about polyamorous relationships?

A

Ethical if its genuine love, a loving relationship not just casual, this does not harm anyone but rather serves the better of everyone involved

Ethics (4 decks)

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