Tectonics & Hazrds Flashcards
3 factors that affect hazard risk ?
Population density - more people = more deaths
Location - located on plate Margin
Exposure - defences, protocols
4 pieces of Earth ?
Inner core
Outer core
Mantle
Crust
What causes tectonic plates to move ?
Ridge push - occurs at constructive margin
Slab pull - occurs at destructive plate margins
Primary affects of a tectonic hazard ?
Death + Injury
Destruction of buildings
Loss of eco systems
Secondary affects of a tectonic hazard ?
Tsunami
Economic loss
Landslides
How many people killed In Nepal (Gorkha) earthquake ?
9,000
Magnitude of Nepal (Gorkha)
Earthquake ?
7.8
How many people affected in Nepal (Gorkha) earthquake ?
8 million
Why do people live at risk from tectonic hazards ?
Economic benefits
What is a seismic wave ?
Waves caused by a sudden release of energy when friction build up between plates
What is the Epi-center ?
The point in the crust where the pressure is released
What is the focus ?
A fractured between two rocks or plates
What is the fault ?
The point on the earths surface directly above where the earthquake stars
Describe constructive plate margins
Tectonic plates move away from each other (ridge push)
The mantle rises upwards through convection currents
The mantle then cools to form a new lithosphere
Shield volcano is formed
Descrive destructive plate margins ?
One plate gets pushed under another (subduction)
The plate underneath melts down into magma
The magma rises through convection currents
Volcano forms
Describe a conservative plate margin
2 plates sliding past each other
No subduction so no volcanic activity
Cause earthquakes
What is MPPP ?
Monitoring
Planning
Prediction
Protection
How to monitor a volcano ?
Measure amount of gases emitted from volcano to estimate a eruption
How to protect against a volcano ?
Most protections are ineffective
How to plan against a volcanic eruption ?
Evacuation drills
How to monitor an earthquake ?
Seismometers to detect seismic waves
How to protect against an earthquake ?
Earthquake proof buildings
How to plan against an earthquake ?
Evacuation drills
