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Geography AS > Tectonics earthquake case studies > Flashcards

Tectonics earthquake case studies Flashcards

1
Q

Developing example + magnitude and focal depth

A

Haiti
7.0
13km

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2
Q

Emerging example + magnitude and focal depth

A

Sichuan, China
7.9
19km

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3
Q

Developed example + magnitude and focal depth

A

Sendai, Japan
9.0
29km

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4
Q

Developing time, date, year

A

12th January 2010
16:53 local time

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5
Q

Emerging time, date, year

A

12th May 2008
14:28 local time

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6
Q

Developed time, date, year

A

11th March 2011
14:46 local time

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7
Q

Haiti plate boundary + movement

A

Strike-slip fault (conservative)
NA + Caribbean plates

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8
Q

Sichuan boundary + movement

A

Collision
Indo-Australian + Eurasian

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9
Q

Sendai boundary + movement

A

Convergent
Pacific + Eurasian

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10
Q

Haiti epicentre

A

25km from Port au Prince

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11
Q

Sichuan epicentre

A

80km from Chengdu

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12
Q

Sendai epicentre

A

100km east of Sendai

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13
Q

Haiti duration

A

30 seconds

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14
Q

Sichuan duration

A

over 2 mins

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15
Q

Sendai duration

A

approx 6 minutes

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16
Q

Haiti social impacts (primary + secondary)

A

316,000 deaths (government) or 220,000 (UN)
all 8 hospitals collapsed / damaged
only airport destroyed
prison collapsed -> 4000 inmates escaped
still people living in temporary shelters on streets
(S) cholera outbreak killed 9000 by 2015
(S) 1/5 jobs lost
(1) 1 million homeless

17
Q

Haiti economic impacts

A

$14b loss
1/5 jobs lost = rise in unemployment

18
Q

Haiti environmental impacts

A

plastic waste from tents + tarpaulin
areas of coast submerged
liquefaction

19
Q

Haiti vulnerability

A

Poorest country in western hemisphere
High levels of corruption -> organisations hesitant to channel aid through government
86% in Port au Prince in slums
Only seismometer was for teaching purposes
1/3 access to tap water

20
Q

Haiti preparation

A

no living experience

21
Q

Haiti response

A

international aid $13b
Hope for Haiti Now campaign
Red Cross 50 bed field hospital
small scale practice drills
buildings on stilts = aseismic design

22
Q

Sichuan social impacts

A

Over 70,000 fatalities (5335 children)
middle school collapsed = 900 pupils dead
Over 5 million homeless

23
Q

Sichuan economic impacts

A

$130b loss
Oil prices dropped by $1.73 (believed demand from China would drop)

24
Q

Sichuan environmental impacts

A

Livestock lost in large quantities
Large landslides
Blocked rivers caused flooding
Loss of clean water supply
Over 2000 dams damaged

25
Q

Sichuan vulnerability

A

Bribes + corruption meant building codes ignored
Largely untouched by economic development compared to Eastern coast

26
Q

Sichuan preparation

A

building codes (but disregarded so ineffective)

27
Q

Sendai social impacts (primary and secondary)

A

1500 deaths from earthquake
1 collapsed dam + 1 damaged motorway
airport closed
(S) 16,000 deaths- 93% from drowning (half of deaths were over 65s)
(S) 350,000 homeless

27
Q

Sichuan response

A

130,000 soldiers sent to affected areas
Government pledged $10b for rebuilding
Temporary homes built within 2 weeks

28
Q

Sendai economic impacts

A

$240b loss

29
Q

Sendai environmental impacts

A

2 nuclear reactors in meltdown (Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant) -> evacuation zone of 20km (140,000 evacuated)

30
Q

Sendai vulnerability

A

mountainous spine to country means high coastal population density
no coal reserves = dependent on nuclear power
75% buildings designed aseismically e.g. counterweights, cross bracing
planned evacuation routes + shelters
pre-installed alert app on phones
10m high sea walls

31
Q

Sendai response

A

Disaster Prevention Day 1st September
All lines of communication switched to official coverage
Japanese Meteorological Agency monitors seismic activity
tsunami predicted 3 mins after earthquake = time to evacuate
Accepted help from over 20 countries
Bank of Japan offered $183 billion to banks to protect economy

Geography AS (5 decks)

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