Tectonics Case Study Flashcards
Japan 2011
> Magnitude of 9.0
Wasn’t the earthquake which caused issues, the tusnami was the biggest impact with some places over 80% of the building there earthquake proof
Most expenise, with it costing over $230 Billion
20,000 deaths
56% of deaths were in the over 60 catagary, even though they were only 1/3 of population- shows they are vunerable
Only had 20 minutes to evacuate- felt more relaxed w9ith tusnami defence which failed.
subsidence of 2 metres made impacts to the tusnami greater
Nuclear power plant on the coast
Haiti 2010
> low income country
7.0 magnatude
over 220,000 deaths
lack of proper infastructure-e.g. no eartquake proof buildings
millions left homeless with no homes to live within
built a camp ontop of a dump, lead to a lage increase in deaths due to incease in spread of deaseases like Cholera
large corruption from the government with the likes of food cards being taken advantage off
lead to increase in mass looting
The UN and other nations organisation helped Haiti
Christchurch 2011
Montserrat 1995
> small population of 11,000 yet only 19 deaths due to it being monitiored and then people evacuated with the 19 staying behind.
Larhars and lava flows destoryed large amounts of the area, including the only airport and hospital
5,000 had to live in temporty accomodation for over 2 years
rice industry plus tourism droped off loosing the islands employment by 50%
cases of respirity issues due to ash
Eyjafjallajokull 2010
> caused by ice sheet over a volcano which then melted createing the magma to quickly solidify creating a large ash cloud into the sky.
it was predicted, with Big everyone evacuated and lead to 0 deaths
International flights were grounded.
No fly zone implimented resulting in a cost of £130 million each day
sporting events were cancled
Big industries were effected due to a lack of raw materials and products were getting to the area
fresh water and food in Iceland was contaminated
Kenyan farmers were layed off effecting its economy significnatly as flowers were unable to be flown into Europe leading to flowers and crops rotting costing $1.3 million a day
Nevado Del Ruiz
> over 23,000 deaths
caused by melting of snow and ice ontop of the volcano- this lead to lahars.
further more this created large scale ash clouds which lead to acid rain
evaculated due to the large amounts of ash but returned thinking it was safe (both governments and priesrs said it was safe)
lahars traveled at 50kmh - submerged the area in 2 metres of mud
costed over $1 billion
didnt have skill or money to study the volcano
“the government killed them”
Indian Ocean tsunami 2004
> magnatude of 9.2
No warning systems in the whole of the Indian Ocean - now there is lots of invesemtent into infastruture
over 250,000 deaths
Lack of preperation-only preperation was on a island were there was just a old wife tail of that a woman got swept out to sea
Sichuan 2008
> 7.8 magnatude
Chinese goverment said there was only 7,000 deaths at the start- this death toll was then estimated to be 80,000
Large of the impacts was created by rapid urbanisation and industrialisation in which there was poorer housing with a lack of earthqyake proof. - if it was just rural like it once was then it would of been as big of an impact
Many schools and infastructure collapased killing kids and many more people
Over 5 million displaced- world record
Thoughts are that a new dam which was built lead to an increase likely hood that the earthquake would occure due to the extra weight of the water and the actual dam
Turkey 2023
Iceland in general
> Many of times they have dirverted lava flows- As seen in the 70’s were they diverted lava and then sprayed sea water on the magma
Seen to be good at diverting lava flows, due to the slow nature of the magma- one failed destroying many homes as it diverted it from one town sending it towards another town
Iceland have lots of locals know and adapt to the natural hazards however it is still very vunerable due to the like of the tourists which come over dont realise the cerious extent to it and dont know what to do if it occures. They are also very isolated towns and villages which dont tend to have service or are interconnected to bigger towns leading them to be vurnerable.
