Coasts Case Study

Question 1

Kiribati

Answer 1

> Sea level rise at 1.2 cm a year
First climate refugees
Water insecure- only a small island so don’t have access to big rivers or water. Lack of infrastructure added risk to the coast.
Mangroves planted to help reduce erosion and tides

Question 2

Jakarta

Answer 2

> Sinking land due to over abstraction through illegal boar holes- due to no access to clean water.
Sea level rising 25 cm a year.
Sea level also rising due to climate change.
Built sea wall- hasn’t done enough

Question 3

New York (Hurricane Sandy)

Answer 3

> Global sea level rise on already low lying land
Caused by both isostatic and eustatic
1) Ocean currents from water melting within glaciers is effecting the circulation and leading to pooling within these areas
2) Land is still adjusting to the last glacial movement which leads to it dropping in height
This with added aspects of climate change is leading to an increase in the amount of storms, this can influence the flooding, due to the likes of storm surges, etc.
the likes of Huricane Sandy left up to 286 deaths and being one of the costliest with it costing in exsess of over $60 bn
NY have planned to put in place flood defensive 24 mile integrated flood system

Question 4

Odisha

Answer 4

> Have used ICZM (integrated Coastal Zone Management) in which they have taken all the stakeholders into account to get the best decision for everyone.
1) Panted mangroves- helped everyone, environment, local fisheries, habitats, and tourism, whilst also protecting from storm surges (which are common here)
2) Educated people
3) Eco-friendly boats
have seen a 1 foot rise each year
over 235 villages will benefit

Question 5

River Nile

Answer 5

> there is a lack of water and subsidence entering the sea and along the river.
1) The use of agriculture
2) Increase in urbanisation
3) Industrial sectors
All collect up the ground water at expidential rates.
4) Dams have lead to a lack of sediment reaching the delta (up to 98%)

Question 6

Bangladesh

Answer 6

> Been subsidence of up to 1.5 metres in the last 50 years.
Lisghes on major flood plains of 3 major rivers
its built up on polders along the coast (earth embankments)- Polders can sometimes cause the flooding to be worse by driving water further back
floods made worse by removal of mangroves
Increase in sea level plus storm frequency leading to be more seceptible to coastal flooding.

Question 7

UK storm surge 2014

Answer 7

> storms funneled into the North sea due to Jet streams- this North sea gets shallower as it goes down the south coast of the UK
over 18,000 people evacuated
720 propertys flooded
hundereds of acres of farm land was inundated

Question 8

Blackpool

Answer 8

> £64 million
took 4 years to build
a range of protection such as a curvered sea wall, a flood barriers, etc.
protects a major hospital, schools, govermental buildings, trams and sewege networks and over 7500 propertys from flooding

Question 9

Steart Marshes

Answer 9

> Area of wetland in which has acres of saltmarshes and fresh water which help buffer homes and business from rising sea level
provides habitats to a range of aninals like owls, wildfowl, otters, etc
Carbon storage
comunity involvement
cheaper and more sustainable then other methods
Farms were worse off as they had to give up farm land for this to occur.

Question 10

Borth and Fairbourne, Wales

Answer 10

Borth:
>Combination of both soft and hard engineering approach to hold the line= Costed 12 million
>off shore rock reef
>2 large rock groynes
>2 Large break waters
>beach nourishment
Fairbourne:
>No active intervention event though Born a village up the coast got 12 million funding
> council want to dismantle all homes, business, roads and infrastructure and turn it into Marshlands
> many residents have decided to stay- loss value in house and other things leading to them struggling to reallocate.

Question 11

Bacton

Answer 11

> Beach nourishment to protect a 6km stretch of coastline due to a gas supply there.
delivers 1/3 of gas to the UK
£20 million pound scheme

Question 12

River Thames Barrier

Answer 12

> protects London from becoming a marshland and flooding
helps protect the city from constant storm surges occurring which can increase sea level by over 2 meters
big gates which stop water from entering

Question 13

Delta works (Neverlands)

Answer 13

> big gates which stop the neverlands from coastal flooding
Neverlands is already on low lying land- susceptible to flooding