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Geography > Tectonics Case Studies > Flashcards

Tectonics Case Studies Flashcards

1
Q

Christchurch Earthquake

What was the date it happened?

A

22nd February 2011

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2
Q

Christchurch Earthquake

Which plates were involved?

A

The Pacific and Indo-Australian plate

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3
Q

Christchurch Earthquake

What was the magnitude?

A

6.3

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4
Q

Christchurch Earthquake

Where was the epicentre?

A

2km west of Lyttelton and 10km west of Christchurch

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5
Q

Christchurch Earthquake

Was Christchurch a aftershock?

A

Possibly an aftershock of the 7.1 magnitude earthquake in September 2010

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6
Q

Christchurch Earthquake

How many people were killed?

A

185

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7
Q

Christchurch Earthquake

How many people were injured?

A

3129

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8
Q

Christchurch Earthquake

What is the estimated cost?

A

$40 billion

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9
Q

Christchurch Earthquake

Define Liquefaction

A

Liquefaction is a phenomenon in which the strength and stiffness of a soil is reduced by earthquake shaking or other rapid loading.

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10
Q

Christchurch Earthquake

What percentage of the water and sewage system was damaged?

A

80%

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11
Q

Christchurch Earthquake

What financial problems did it cause?

A

1/3 of people in financial problems and tourism decreased

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12
Q

Christchurch Earthquake

Why were the impacts so bad?

A
  • Epicentre closer to Christchurch than the original earthquake
  • Shallow focus 5km
  • Occured around lunchtime when the CBD was busy
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13
Q

Christchurch Earthquake
What were the short term responses?
(there are 4)

A
  • Rescue crews from Japan, US, UK and Australia
  • Australia gave $5million in aid
  • Government declared a state of emergency
  • Domestic help available (800 farmers)
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14
Q

Christchurch Earthquake

Long term responses?

A
  • Christchurch is divided into 4 zones dependant on whether it could be built on or not.
  • Government provided temporary housing
  • roads and houses cleared of silt from liquefaction
  • NGO recovery efforts e.g. save the children
  • water and sewage restored for all residents
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15
Q

Haiti Earthquake

Which two plates?

A

Caribbean and North American Plate

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16
Q

Haiti Earthquake

What type of plate margin?

A

Conservative margin

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17
Q

Haiti Earthquake

What was the date?

A

12th January 2010

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18
Q

Haiti Earthquake

Magnitude?

A

7

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19
Q

Haiti Earthquake

Epicentre?

A

25km west of Port-au-Prince

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20
Q

Haiti Earthquake

How many people died?

A

over 220000

21
Q

Haiti Earthquake

How many people were affected?

A

3 million

22
Q

Haiti Earthquake

How many are made homeless?

A

1.3 million

23
Q

Haiti Earthquake

What happened to the hospitals?

A

Collapsed

24
Q

Haiti Earthquake
What were the economic impacts?
(there are 3)

A
  • businesses destroyed
  • damage to main clothing industry
  • airport/port damaged
25
Q

Haiti Earthquake
Why were the impacts so bad?
(there are 4)

A
  • very few earthquake resistant buildings
  • poorly built buildings and structures
  • epicenter near the capital
  • few recourses to treat injured people
26
Q

Haiti Earthquake
Primary responses?
(there are 5)

A
  • Dominican republic provided emergency water and medical supplies
  • Rescue teams from countries e.g. Iceland
  • Temporary field hospitals set up by the red cross
  • GIS used to aid organisations
  • UN troops and police distribute aid
27
Q

Haiti Earthquake
Secondary responses?
(there are 8)

A
  • money pledged by organisations and governments to assist rebuilding
  • 1 year on still 1300 camps
  • ‘cash for work’ schemes paid Haitians to clear rubble
  • farmers supported to grow crops
  • schools rebuilt
  • improved water supply to 340000 people
  • free medical care to 390000
  • giving information to 116’000 on how to prepare for future disasters
28
Q

Iceland Volcano

What kind of boundary?

A

Constructive boundary

29
Q

Iceland Volcano

Which two plates are involved?

A

North American and Eurasian plates moving West to East respectively

30
Q

Iceland Volcano

How far do they move a year?

A

1-5 cm a year creating a chain of volcanoes

31
Q

Iceland Volcano

How much ice cap melted?

A

-150m of ice cap melted causing major flooding

32
Q

Iceland Volcano

How many people were evacuated?

A

700

33
Q

Iceland Volcano

How many farms destroyed?

A

20

34
Q

Iceland Volcano

What were the secondary impacts?

A

-Airspace closed across Europe
-Overall 95000 flights cancelled
-airlines estimated $2 billion
-shares in air travel/ tourism dropped by 4%
overall loss across Europe of $5 billion

35
Q

Iceland Volcano

What are the management stratergies?

A
  • Iceland was prepared due to the first small eruption on the 20th of March
  • high tech equipment will be used to predict further eruptions
  • good warning system - texts sent 30 minutes in advance
  • emergency services were well prepared
  • tests have been done since to see if planes can fly into ash cloud
36
Q

Montserrat Eruption

What was the date?

A

25th June 1997

37
Q

Montserrat Eruption

Where did it happen?

A

Soufriere Hills

38
Q

Montserrat Eruption

What type of volcano is it?

A

Composite volcano

39
Q

Montserrat Eruption

What type of plate boundary is it?

A

Destructive plate boundary

40
Q

Montserrat Eruption

Which plates are involved?

A

North American and the Caribbean

41
Q

Montserrat Eruption

What happened with the main eruption?

A

4-5 million m cubed and produced a large ash cloud

42
Q

Montserrat Eruption

How many people died?

A

19

43
Q

Montserrat Eruption

How many people injured?

A

7

44
Q

Montserrat Eruption

How many made homeless?

A

Hundreds

45
Q

Montserrat Eruption

What happened to the population?

A

decreased from 12000-8000

46
Q

Montserrat Eruption

What is the estimated cost of the Volcano?

A

1 billion pounds

47
Q

Montserrat Eruption

How many homes were destroyed?

A

2/3

48
Q

Montserrat Eruption

What did the earthquake do to tourism?

A

Made it decrease

49
Q

Montserrat Eruption

What infrastructure was destroyed?

A

businesses destroyed, schools, hospitals

Geography (4 decks)

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