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Geography > Population Change > Flashcards

Population Change Flashcards

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1
Q

What is Birth Rate?

A

A measure of an area’s fertility. It is expressed as the number of live births per 1’000 people in a year.

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2
Q

What is Death Rate?

A

The number of deaths per 1’000 people in a year.

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3
Q

What is life expectancy?

A

The average number of years from birth that a person can expect to live.

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4
Q

What is longevity?

A

The increase in life expectancy over a period of time.

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5
Q

What causes longevity?

A

Improved medical provision and increased levels of economic development.

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6
Q

What is natural change?

A

The change in size of a population.

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7
Q

What causes natural change?

A

Interrelationship between birth and death rates.

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8
Q

How does health cause a growth in the worlds population?

A

Factors such as:

  • control of disease
  • infant mortality rates
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9
Q

What was the population in 1999?

A

6 billion

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10
Q

What is the estimated population for 2050?

A

9 billion

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11
Q

Name three places with slow growth rates.

A

Europe
North America
Australasia

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12
Q

Name three things that cause population growth?

A 
Health
Education
Cultural factors
Political factors
Environmental
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13
Q

How does health contribute to population growth?

A

If factors like disease, sanitation, malnutrition are not controlled people are more likely to plan to have more children.

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14
Q

How does education contribute to population growth?

A

If women do not have an education they are more likely to marry young and this increase the period in which they can have children.

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15
Q

How do cultural factors contribute to population growth?

A

Religious attitudes towards birth control and the role of women all contribute towards population growth.

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16
Q

How do political factors contribute to population growth?

A

Strength of economy, impacts of war and conflicts and access to health care and contraception can all lead to population growth.

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17
Q

How do environmental factors contribute to population growth?

A

Frequency of hazards, environmental conditions (breed disease) contribute to population growth.

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18
Q

How do countries collect data about their population?

A

A census

19
Q

How frequently does England collect census data?

A

10 years

20
Q

Why do governments use a census?

A

To provide a basis for the allocation of of resources to services.

21
Q

What can a census predict?

A

Natural Population Change and migration patterns

22
Q

What is fertility?

A

The number of live deaths per 1000 women aged 15-49 in 1 year.

23
Q

What is infant mortality?

A

The number of deaths of children under the age of 1 year expressed per 1000 live deaths per year.

24
Q

Another term for Stage 1

A

High Fluctuating

25
Q

Another term for stage 2

A

Early Expanding

26
Q

Another term for stage 3

A

Late Expanding

27
Q

Another term for stage 4

A

Low Fluctuating

28
Q

Another term for stage 5

A

Decline

29
Q

A period of high birth and death rate both of which fluctuate, population growth is small

A

stage 1

30
Q

A period of high birth rate but falling death rate, the population begins to expand rapidly

A

stage 2

31
Q

A period of falling birth rate and continuously falling death rate, population growth begins to slow

A

stage 3

32
Q

A period of low birth rate and low death rate both of which are fluctuating, population growth is small and fertility continues to fall

A

stage 4

33
Q

Death rate begins to exceed the birth rate resulting in population decline

A

stage 5

34
Q

Name 3 reasons why the dtm is useful

A
  • it is a universal concept
  • provides a starting point
  • timescales are flexible
  • easy to understand
  • enables to compare country
35
Q

name 3 reasons why the dtm is limited

A
  • it is eurocentric
  • suggests progression (can you go backwards)
  • does not include roles of governments
  • does not include the impacts of migration
36
Q

Define forced migration

A

The migrant has to migrate because of circumstances

37
Q

Define Internation migration

A

movement of people across national frontiers for a minimum of a year

38
Q

Define Migration

A

A permanent or semi permanent change of residence for an individual or group of people

39
Q

Define net migration

A

the difference between the number of in-migrants and out-migrants in an area

40
Q

Define voluntary migration

A

The migrant makes the decision to migrate

41
Q

What is emancipation?

A

Freedom and equal rights for women

42
Q

What does HDI stand for?

A

Human Development Index

43
Q

What is Human Development Index?

A

10 different indicators that give a score of how developed a country is.

Geography (4 decks)

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