Tectonics

Question 1

Describe the pattern of volcanoes and earthquakes

Answer 1

1- Linear plate pattern
2- On plate boundaries
3- There are anomalies in the middle of plates

Question 2

Convergent

Answer 2

1- Plates move together and collide
2- Very violent volcanoes
3- Subduction zones form due to downward movement of the dense oceanic crust in the mantle
4- Fold mountains can form when both plates

Question 3

Divergent

Answer 3

1- Plates move apart from each other
2- Less violent volcanoes and earthquakes occur
3- New sea floor is created at mid-ocean ridges as magma rises up through the ridge and solidifies

Question 4

Conservative

Answer 4

1- Plate slide past each other
2- San Andreas Fault line
3- No crust is destroyed or created therefore no volcanoes are formed.
4- Plates can stick this increases pressure which is released as violent earthquakes.

Question 5

Hotspots

Answer 5

1- magma rises to the surface
2- mid plate
3- called a magma plume
4- found in the mid-plate
5- occurs as the material is less dense than that around it in the mantle
6- when the plume reaches the crust it cause the crust it cause

Question 6

Why do people live near volcanoes

Answer 6

1- minerals such as diamond and tin are found these can be sold and the revenue can help build the local economy
2- Ash broken down - fertile soil - high level of nutrients

Question 7

How to measure the magnitude of earthquake

Answer 7

1- Mercalli scale = measure the damage on people

2- Richter scale = magnitude of the earthquake

Question 8

Focus

Answer 8

where the rock gives way

Question 9

Epicenter

Answer 9

the point on the surface directly

Question 10

Predicting earthquakes

Answer 10

1- Seismometers - measure the seismic waves produced from an earthquake ( chances peach 1997).
2-
3-

Question 11

Predicting volcanoes

Answer 11

1
2
3

Question 12

Building design for earthquakes:

Answer 12

Earthquake - proof buildings = using cross bracing, counter- weights, ball bearing and rubber foundations help stabilize buildings. (e.g the triangular design of the Transamerica Pyramid in San Fransisco). It is wide, stable base and steel frame allows the building to sway.

Question 13

Prevention of hazards

Answer 13

1- Barries or ditches = made from concrete or rock are used to divert lava flow away from settlement E.G Mt Etna 1991-1193
2- Education = september 1 Japan educate their people through a series of activities and information packed pallets.
3- Earthquake - proof buildings = using cross bracing, counter- weights, ball bearing and rubber foundations help stabilize buildings.