Tectonics Flashcards
Internal structure of Earth
Core -> thickest and hottest
Mantle
Crust -> thinnest and coolest
How plates move by convection
Heat from core heats mantle and and makes mantle less dense, less dense mantle rises to surface and expands. it spreads out beneath the plates and drag them away from one another
OR
the mantle cools and sinks to the core. as it sinks it pulls the plates together.
Process repeats
How plates move by slab pull force
denser OCEANIC crust is pulled down by gravity and is subducted beneath the less dense crust. Denser oceanic crust sinks deeper into mantle resulting in further convergence.
Divergent land forms
Mid Oceanic Rift
Underwater Volcano
Volcanic Island
Submarine Rift Valley
Rift Valley
Volcano
Block mountain
Divergent phenomenons
Earthquake
Volcanic activity
convergent land forms
Oceanic Trench
Volcanoes
Volcanic Islands
Fold Mountains
Convergent phenomenon
Earthquake
Volcanic activity(except CC x CC)
Sea floor spreading
Age of rocks decrease away from sea floor (oceanic crust at center, when moved away, will carry the rocks away)
Magnetic stripping, Polarity of rocks alternate.
Lack of sediment on sea floor
Hazards and impacts of volcanoes and volcanic eruptions
Hazards:
Lava flows
Landslides
Lahars
Pyroclastic flows
Tephra
Ashfall
Impacts:
Death and injuries
Destruction of property
Displacement of communities
Disruption of services/economic activities
Destruction of ecosystem
Benefits of volcanoes
Agriculture
Extraction of Minerals
Energy(thermal)
Tourisn
Hazards and Impacts of Earthquakes
Hazards:
Ground Shaking
Soil liquefaction
Landslide
Tsunami
Impacts
Destruction of property and infrastructure
Disruption of services
Death and injuries
Destroys ecosystems
How to build community resilience
Land use planning
Hazard resistant buildings
• Sea walls, steel and reinforced concrete
Monitoring/Warning systems
Increase community preparedness
• Evacuation drills, raising awareness
Managing risk AFTER a disaster
Evacuation
Search and rescue
Restoring and improving infrastructure
Social/Psychological/financial services
Why some countries can’t implement disaster risk management strategies
Lack of technological/economic resources
Lack of community capability to organize themselves
• political instability, disagreements between stakeholders, underestimation of risk
