Tectonics

Question 1

Features of PAR model?

Answer 1

PRESSURE AND RELEASE
root causes -> dynamic pressures -> unsafe conditions -> DISASTER <- natural hazard

Question 2

Earthquake secondary hazards?

Answer 2

liquefaction, landslide, tsunami, disease, avalanche

Question 3

Primary volcanic hazards?

Answer 3

ash fall, gas eruption, pyroclastic flow, lava flow

Question 4

Secondary volcanic hazards?

Answer 4

Jokulhlaup, lahar

Question 5

Degg model?

Answer 5

Hazard Event 🤝 Vulnerable population
DISASTER

Question 6

Three forms of governance are..?

Answer 6

POLITICAL. ADMINISTRATIVE. ECONOMIC.

Question 7

What is political governance?

Answer 7

Creating policies including natural disaster reduction and planning

Question 8

What is administrative governance?

Answer 8

Implementation. Enforcement of land use planning, environmental risk, monitoring and safety standards

Question 9

What is economic governance?

Answer 9

Own country’s economic activity and its relationship with other economies

Question 10

How far away from land was the Japan 2011 epicenter?

Answer 10

130km

Question 11

How far away from land was the Boxing Day Tsunami from land?

Answer 11

160km

Question 12

2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami, how many died?

Answer 12

230000

Question 13

Magnitude of 2004 earthquake?

Answer 13

9.2

Question 14

How many countries were affected by the 2004 tsunami

Answer 14

A dozen or so (inc thailand, somalia, sri lanka etc)

Question 15

Hazard management cycle?

Answer 15

DISASTER/HAZARD -> response -> recovery -> mitigation ->preparedness (REPEAT - imagine it’s a circle)

Question 16

Park’s model?

Answer 16

Changes in quality of life (y-axis) over time when a hazard event has occurred

Question 17

What is ridge push?

Answer 17

Rigid lithosphere slides down the hot, raised asthenosphere below mid ocean ridges, pushing plates away from each other

Question 18

Ways to modify the event?

Answer 18

• Earthquake resistant design
• Engineering solutions eg tsunami walls
• Land use zoning
• Diversion of lava flows or lahars