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Geog > Tectonics > Flashcards

Tectonics Flashcards

1
Q

Tectonic hazards (2)

A

Earthquakes, Volcanic Eruptions

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2
Q

Mid-oceanic ridge

A

Mid-Atlantic ridge, middle of the Atlantic ocean, O-O divergence of North American Plate and Eurasian Plate

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3
Q

Rift Valley

A

East African rift system, C-C Divergence of Nubian boundary and Somalian boundary of African Plate

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4
Q

Oceanic trench, arc of islands

A

Mariana Trench and Mariana islands, O-O convergence of Pacific plate and Philippine plate

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5
Q

Fold mountains

A

The Himalayas, C-C convergence of Eurasian plate and Indian plate

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6
Q

Oceanic trench and fold mountains

A

The Barisan mountains and Sunda trench, O-C convergence of Eurasian (C) plate and Australian (O) plate

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7
Q

No landform but tremendous earthquakes

A

San Andreas fault, transform between Pacific plate and North American plate

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8
Q

Stratovolcano

A

Mount Mayon, Philippines

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9
Q

Shield volcano

A

Mount Washington, America

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10
Q

Pacific ring of fire

A

Plates: Pacific, Nazca, Philippine, Australian, Eurasian

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11
Q

Magnitude

A

9.0 magnitude EQ in Tohoku, Japan, in 2011. Death toll of 28000 people

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12
Q

Distance from epicentre

A

EQ in Christchurch, New Zealand, in 2011, epicentre few km away from city centre

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13
Q

Time of occurrence

A

EQ hours after midnight in Sun Moon lake region, Taiwan, in 1999. More than 2400 deaths

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14
Q

Type of soil

A

EQ in Christchurch, New Zealand in 2011

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15
Q

Tsunamis

A

9.2 magnitude EQ in the Indian Ocean in 2004 triggered a tsunami. Damage done to Western Sumatra, Indonesia (low lying)

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16
Q

Disruption of services

A

EQ in Kobe, Japan, in 1995 damaged pipes and transmission lines. Disrupted electricity, gas and water supplies to 1.4 mil residents

17
Q

Landslides

A

EQ off the coast of Peru in 1970, triggered massive landslide on Mt Huscaran. Death toll of 18000

18
Q

Destructions of properties

A

EQ in Tohoku, Japan, in 2011 caused a tsunami travelling 10km inland. Hundreds of thousands forced from homes

19
Q

Destruction of infrastructure

A

EQ in Kobe, Japan, in 1995. Many places inaccessible

20
Q

Loss of lives

A

7.0 magnitude EQ in Haiti on Jan 2010. Death toll of 300000, 1.3 million homeless

21
Q

Massive risk of destruction by volcanic material

A

eruption of Nevado El Ruiz in the Andes Mt, South America, in 1985. Pyroclastic flow mixed with glaciers formed Lahars. Killed 20000 people in town of Armero

22
Q

Pollution (volcano)

A

Eruption of Eyafjallajokull in Iceland in 2010 produced volcanic ash clouds. Delayed 1.2 mil passengers, cost airline industry US$1.8bil

23
Q

Fertile soil (volcano)

A

volcanic soils of Java and Bali support the cultivation of tea, coffee and rice

24
Q

Tourism (volcanic)

A

The ruins of Pompeii, Italy. 3 mil visitors per year

25
Q

Land use regulation

A

Cali, North America. New buildings not built at fault lines or areas at risk of liquefaction

26
Q

Building design

A

Taipei 101, Taiwan. Made of steel and reinforced concrete, reinforced with cross bracing and installed with damping devices

27
Q

emergency drills

A

Every year since 1960, emergency drills conducted on September 1, disaster prevention day in Japan.

28
Q

EQ monitoring and warning systems

A

Observation stations installed on bridges or roads in Japan

29
Q

Tsunami monitoring and warning systems

A

Tsunami detectors in Hawaii, United states

30
Q

Search and rescue (short term)

A

After EQ in Tohoku, Japan, in 2011, sniffer dogs and heat sensors deployed

31
Q

Emergency, food and medical supplies

A

after EQ in Afyon in 2002, Turkish Red Crescent society delivered 20000 tents, 50000 blankets and 3000 heaters

32
Q

Provision of healthcare (long term)

A

A year after EQ in Christchurch, New Zealand, in 2011, anxiety and depression identified. Health workers deployed

33
Q

Rebuilding of infrastructure (long term)

A

After EQ in Kobe, Japan, in 1995, Japan spent billions on technology to build EQ resistant buildings

Geog (4 decks)

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