Tectonics Flashcards
1
Q
What were the physical factors in the Japan Earthquake?
A
- March 2011
- 4th most powerful in world
- $235 billion damage
- 19,800 deaths
- 9.1 Mg
2
Q
What were the physical factors in the Bam Earthquake?
A
- 6.6 Mg
- 26,000 people killed
- Struck during night while people were sleeping
- Geog isolated
3
Q
What were the physical factors in the San Francisco Earthquake?
A
- Thousands of small earthquakes - < 2 Mg
4
Q
What were the human factors in the San Fran earthquakes?
A
- NASA and JPL have upgraded GPS
- Sensors collect GPS, pressure and temperature and seismic data
- Models work out disaster potential
- 180 seismic retrofits
5
Q
What were the physical factors of the CC Eq?
A
- 7.1 and 6.3 Mg
- 185 killed
- Significant Liquefaction
6
Q
What were the human factors from the CC Eq?
A
- Cone penetrometer testing carried out
- New buildings has grid of stone columns
- Reduced pressure
- Few buildings were significantly damaged
7
Q
What were the physical factors in the Hawaiin 2018 eruptions?
A
- 6.9 Mg Eq
- 24 fissures
- Slow moving lava, from shield volcanoes
8
Q
What were the human factors in the Hawaiin 2018 eruptions?
A
- Land Use Zoning; keeping residents away
- Hazard resistant design; retrofit buildings
- Diversion of lava flows; spraying sea-water
- Engineering Defences
- Remote Sensing; monitor gas emissions and using tiltometers
9
Q
What were the physical factors in Nyiragongo?
A
- 2km wide lava lake
- 40% of Africa’s eruptions
- Shield
- Eruptions in 1977, 2002, 2023
