Tectonics Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the Asthenosphere?

A

The upper mantle layer of the Earth. It is approximately 2000km wide

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2
Q

What is the lithosphere?

A

The rigid outer part of the Earth

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3
Q

Define Continental Crust

A

Crust that forms the continents of the lithosphere

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4
Q

Define Continental Drift

A

The movement of tectonic plates due to varying weights of crust.

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5
Q

What are convection currents?

A

The circulation of magma within the mantle

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6
Q

Define the epicentre

A

The point on the surface of an earthquakes origin

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7
Q

What is the hazard mitigation cycle?

A

The four stages are preparedness, response, recovery and mitigation.

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8
Q

Define a hot spot

A

Volcanoes found away from the plate boundary due to a magma plume closer to the surface

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9
Q

Define a magma plume

A

An area of hot, upwelling mantle

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10
Q

What is a Lahar?

A

A flow of mud and debris

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11
Q

What is oceanic crust?

A

Crust that is usually thinner than continental crust that forms the sea floor

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12
Q

What is Park’s model?

A

A model describing the decline and recovery of a country over time after a natural disaster

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13
Q

What are primary waves?

A

An earthquake wave causing compressions within the body of rock

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14
Q

What is pyroclastic flow?

A

A mixture of gas and rock fragments at high temperatures and travelling at high speeds

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15
Q

What is the Richter scale?

A

Measures the intensity of an earthquake

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16
Q

What are secondary waves?

A

An earthquake causing vertical displacement within the body of rock

17
Q

What are seismic waves?

A

The energy released during an earthquake in the form of primary and secondary waves

18
Q

What is slab pull?

A

The force contributing to the movement of tectonic plates.

19
Q

What is subduction?

A

When the oceanic plate is forced below the continental plate due to the oceanic plate being more dense than the continental plate

20
Q

What is the Benioff zone?

A

A region of subduction where most destructive margin earthquakes originate

21
Q

CASE STUDY-Haiti

A
Magnitude 7
2010
9000 dead 700k affected
$13 billion donated by 2015
Corrupt government
22
Q

CASE STUDY-Japan

A
2011
Magnitude 9
Struck 100km off shore
10 metre tsunami 
Earthquake drills to prepare
Sea walls were already in place
23
Q

CASE STUDY-Iceland

A

2010
Flights cancelled due to ash cloud from eruption
100k flights cancelled
Airlines lost $1.7 billion