Tectonic Processes and Hazards - Set 2 Flashcards
Hazard resilience
Ability to resist, absorb and recover from affects of a hazard
Increased resilience
- Low doctor to patient ratio
- Developed infrastructure
- Positive geopolitical relations with neighbours
Decreased resilience
- Unrealistic perception of a hazard e.g. ‘it wont effect me’
Risk equation
Hazard * Exposure * Vulnerability/Manageability
Hazard
Perceived event that has the potential to threaten life and property
Disaster
Realisation of a hazard, which impacts over 100 people
Deggs model
Tells us that natural disasters only occur if a vulnerable population is exposed to a hazard
Social Vulnerability
People live in hazard areas in buildings that offer little protection
Economic Vulnerability
People risk losing jobs, assets and money
Physical Vulnerability
Household or community is unable to support the disadvantaged people within it
Knowledge Vulnerability
People lack education or training and there are no warning or evacuation systems in place
Environmental Vulnerability
Area that people are living has an increased hazard risk due to pop. pressure, forcing people to live in riskier areas
Inequality
Unfair situation or distribution of assets and resources
Assess inequality
Housing and security of property as well as agricultural productivity
Inequality of entitlements
Unequal access to public services and welfare systems
Political inequality
Exists worldwide in unequal capacities for political agencies possessed by different groups in society
Social status inequality
Linked to space ( e.g. Informal settlements) and has bearing on other dimensions of inequality including ability for people to secure regular income etc
Governance
Sum of many ways individuals and institutions manage their common affairs - Includes formal institutions as well as informal arrangements
Components of Governance
- Economic Governance = relationship with other economies - has major implications on poverty and quality of life etc
- Political governance = Creation of policies, including natural disaster reduction and planning
- Administrative Governance = Requirement of good governance at central and local levels
Swiss cheese model
Holes in cheese representing gaps in safety program - if holes align then there will be a disaster
Why has there been an increase in hazards in the last 50 years
Country’s are becoming more developed which leads to advancements in technology - number of disasters is falling as better infrastructure means communities can bounce back quicker
Disaster hotspots
Areas where plate boundaries intersect with major storm belts
Hazard management
Governments and other organisations work together to protect people from natural disasters
Diagnostic Precursor
Pattern of seismic activity or some other physical, Chemical or Biological change
