tectonic processes and hazards case studies Flashcards
what are the impacts and causes of the Boxing Day earthquake and tsunami
- largest tectonic disaster in modern history
- 290,000 dead or missing
- 9.0 magnitude
- off coast of Indonesia
- plate moved 15m
-9 mins long - waves 17m
- epicentre close to densely populated areas
- low lying land
- no warning systems
- mangroves destroyed
- 8 mill litres of oil escaped form oil plants
- 1.7 mill homeless
- fishing and tourism lost
what are the impacts and causes of the India 2001 earthquake
-intraplate
-gujarat- centre of Indian plate
- 7.7 magnitude
- 13,000- 20,000
- caused by zone of weakness
what is information about Hawaiis volcanoes
- intraplate
- 8 islands
- middle of pacific plate
- plume rising under surface
cooled magma rises and creates land
what are the impacts and causes of turkey syria earthquake
- 2 quakes
- south of turkey
- 7.8 magnitude
- serious damage to buildings
- shallow focus
-syria in conflict - occurred in early hours of the morning
- buildings not sturdy
what are the impacts and causes of Iceland 2010
-tephra and ash falls
- ash cloud reached 30,000feet
- covered large areas of NW Europe
- disrupted flights
- 10 mill passengers stranded
-airlines lost $1.7 bill
- jokulhlaup- melted 200m thick ice
- caused evacuation of the area
what are the impacts and causes of fuego volcanic eruption
-pyroclastic flow
- main reason for deaths
- speeds of 450mph
-temps between 200-700 degrees
- 69 deaths
what are the impacts and causes of Sichuan earthquake
-lasted 120 seconds
- 7.9 on richter scale
- 69000 died
- over 5 mill homeless
- 5 mill buildings destroyed including schools
- landslides cut off areas
-chemical plants collapse- killing people from ammonia
- power and water supplies cut
what are the responses to the Sichuan earthquake
-20 helicopter assigned to rescue
- 1 mill temporary homes
- £100 mill donated by red cross
- $10mill from Chinese gov
what are the impacts and causes of mt pinatubo phillipines
-gas eruptions
-20 mill tonnes of sulphur dioxide could rose 32km
- cooled earth for 3 years by 0.6 celsius
what are the impacts and causes of Japan earthquake 2011
-mega disaster
- metro system knocked down
- 19 aftershocks
- 5% loss of GDP
-heavy populated areas
- 20,000 deaths
- damage to Fukushima nuclear plant
- Toyota and Sony halted production
what were the responses to Japan earthquake 2011
-gov sent text messages as a warning
-holds annual disaster prevention day
- regularly educated
what are the impacts and causes of Christchurch
-occured in New Zealand
-lasted 10 seconds
- epicentre 2km west of port town
-6.3 on richter scale
- 185 killed
-6 months earlier 7.1 earthquake
-361+ aftershocks in week after
-3000 injured
-100,000buildings damaged
-80% of water and sewerage damaged
-population decline
what are the responses to the Christchurch 2011
-rescue crews from all over world
-australia gave 5 mill
- divided into zones after earthquake
-temporary homes provided
what are the impacts and causes of Haiti 2010
- 230,000 deaths
- 1.5 mill homeless
- $8 bill cost damage
- 1 in 5 jobs lost
-lidc, low gap, lots of poverty - port destroyed and roads blocked
what are the responses to the Haiti 2010
-eu gave $330mill
-1.1 bill from charities
-unstable gov
- crisis map setup and people provide info
what is the information on phillipines, the multi hazard zone
- on a destructive plate boundary
- 18/37 volcanoes active
-2006 mudslide killed 1126 people - susceptible to drought, typhoons, tsunamis, floods
- pinatubo
-megacity with pop over 12 mill - 40-60% in poverty
what are the impacts and causes of Pakistan earthquake 2005
- 7.6 quake
-73,000 died 17,000 of which were children - 3.5 mill left homeless
- roads and water facilities destroyed
what are the responses to Pakistan 2005 earthquake
- 500,000 tents and 6 mill blankets sent
- permanent shelters built
- NGOs built new schools and homes
-risk education programmes developed - seeds and tools provided so people grow own food
