Tectonic plates and Volcanoes

Question 1

What are the layers of the earth?

Answer 1

Inner core, outer core , mantle , crust

Question 2

What are the types of plates?

Answer 2

Oceanic and Continental

Question 3

What are the characteristics of oceanic plates?

Answer 3

Density , basaltic rock, 7km deep, sima and plates are destroyed

Question 4

What is the aesthenosphere?

Answer 4

The asthenosphere is a layer of the Earth’s upper mantle, just below the lithosphere , its highly plastic

Question 5

What is a hot spot?

Answer 5

Places where magma rises through the crust

Question 6

What is the Lithosphere?

Answer 6

the outer part of the earth, consisting of the crust and upper mantle.

Question 7

What are the type of north poles?

Answer 7

Grid north, polar north, magnetic north

Question 8

What are S waves?

Answer 8

S-waves, secondary waves, are a type of seismic wave that move through the Earth during an earthquake.

Question 9

What are p waves?

Answer 9

Primary waves, longitudinal waves from compression

Question 10

What type of plate is Sial?

Answer 10

Continental

Question 11

What is Sima?

Answer 11

silica (Si) and magnesium (mg)

Question 12

What is Sial?

Answer 12

silica (Si) and aluminum (Al).

Question 13

How are convection currents created?

Answer 13

Convection currents are movements of gases or liquids in a circular pattern, caused by heating and cooling

Question 14

What are convection currents?

Answer 14

Convection currents are heat-driven cycles that occur in the air, ocean, and mantle.

Question 15

What is Moho discontinuity?

Answer 15

boundary between the crust and mantle

Question 16

What are the characteristics of Continental plates?

Answer 16

Grantic 35km, Sial, thick

Question 17

Which way do destructive(convergent) plate boundaries move?

Answer 17

Plates move towards each other

Question 18

Which way do constructive (divergent) plate boundaries move?

Answer 18

Tectonic plates are moving away from one another.

Question 19

Which way do conservative plates move?

Answer 19

where two crustal plates slide past each other.

Question 20

What are transform fault boundaries?

Answer 20

a fault between two plates of the lithosphere, which will slide past one another

Question 21

What is the focus?

Answer 21

starting point of an earthquake

Question 22

What is the Benioff zone?

Answer 22

Zone where lithospheric plate is subducted

Question 23

What is an example of a destructive plate margin?

Answer 23

Japan

Question 24

What is an example of a constructive plate margin?

Answer 24

San Andreas

Question 25

What is Moho discontinuity?

Answer 25

Boundary between the crust and the mantle

Question 26

How does ridge push occur?

Answer 26

Mid-ocean ridges ( constructive boundaries) pull apart, => magma rise and create slope=> New rock, cools & becomes denser, => slides down and pushes the plates

Question 27

How does slab-pull occur?

Answer 27

Destructive plate boundaries, oceanic plate sinks into the mantle , pulling the rest of the plate

Question 28

What are the different movements in plate mechanisms?

Answer 28

Convection currents , slab pull, ridge push , gravitational sliding

Question 29

What are the different landforms in plate movements?

Answer 29

oceanic ridges, volcanoes , oceanic trench, young fold, island arc

Question 30

How are oceanic ridges formed?

Answer 30

new ocean floor is created as the Earth’s tectonic plates spread apart.

Question 31

How are oceanic trenches formed?

Answer 31

Trenches are formed by subduction, in which two or more of Earth’s tectonic plates converge and the older, denser plate is pushed beneath the lighter plate

Question 32

What are shield volcanoes?

Answer 32

a broad volcano with shallow inclining sides

Question 33

What are cone volcanoes?

Answer 33

a triangle-shaped hill formed as material from volcanic eruptions piles up around the volcanic vent, or opening in Earth’s crust

Question 34

How are shield volcanoes formed?

Answer 34

repeated eruptions that occurred intermittently over vast periods of time

Question 35

How are cone volcanoes formed?

Answer 35

They form after violent eruptions blow lava fragments into the air, which then solidify and fall

Question 36

How are young fold mountains formed?

Answer 36

where two or more of Earth’s tectonic plates are pushed together

Question 37

How is an island arc formed?

Answer 37

from volcanic activity along a subduction zone

Question 38

When do destructive plate margins occur?

Answer 38

when oceanic plate boundaries slide beneath the continental plate

Question 39

When do conservative plate margins occur?

Answer 39

when plates slide past each other

Question 40

When do constructive plate margins occur?

Answer 40

When plates move apart, magma rises and fills the gap thats been created

Question 41

How is a rift valley created?

Answer 41

When the crust pulls apart, and the land drops, creating a rift valley

Question 42

What is sea floor spreading?

Answer 42

formation of fresh oceanic crust , created through new magma=> sea to spread

Question 43

What are the features of destructive plate boundaries?

Answer 43

Volcanoes, Mountain ranges, ocean trenches

Question 44

What are the properties of shield volcanoes?

Answer 44

Low silica content (45-55%), low viscosity, lava erupted

Question 45

What are the properties of composite cone volcanoes?

Answer 45

High silica(>65%), higher viscosity. ash volcanic bombs, lahars erupted, pyroclastic flows

Question 46

What is pyroclastic flow?

Answer 46

A pyroclastic flow is a hot, chaotic mixture of rock fragments, gas, and ash that travels rapidly (tens of meters per second) away from a volcanic vent

Question 47

What is a lahar?

Answer 47

a hot or cold mixture of water and rock fragments that flows down the slopes of a volcano and typically enters a river valley.

Question 48

How are composite volcanoes are formed?

Answer 48

Alternating eruptions of ash , tephra and lava, builds up volcano layers.