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Science. > Tectonic plates > Flashcards

Tectonic plates Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the theory that continents move slowly over millions of years?

A

Continental drift

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2
Q

What is a well tested explanation of a broad aspect of the natural world that explains what we observe?

A

A theory.

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3
Q

What are the three facts that support but not prove continental drift?

A
  1. Continents fit together
  2. fossils and rock formations start on one continent and finish on another
  3. Glacier marks on continents are continuous.
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4
Q

Where and when was Alfred Wegener born?

A

In 1880 in Germany

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5
Q

Which scientist was interested in astronomy and went into meteorology?

A

Alfred Wegener

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6
Q

Where did Alfred Wegener go on many expeditions?

A

Greenland

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7
Q

What did Alfred Wegener primarily study?

A

Geophysics

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8
Q

What did Alfred Wegener notice?

A

That the continents fit together

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9
Q

When did Alfred Wegener piece together his theory?

A

In 1914.

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10
Q

What was Alfred Wegener’s theory

A

All landmasses used to be part of one continent that he called the Urokontinent but is now called Pangaea.

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11
Q

True or false, scientist rejected Alfred Wegener’s idea?

A

True, because he had no evidence to back up his theory, no one believed him.

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12
Q

What theory supported Alfred Wegener’s

A

Seafloor spreading.

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13
Q

What are the steps to seafloor spreading?

A

Heat increases in the earth and the asthenosphere cracks
When it cracks the liquid mesosphere (which is less dense) moves up and melts its way through The magma separates the brittle plates
And once it hits the ocean it cools and hardens.

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14
Q

What are tectonic plates?

A

Pieces of the lithosphere that float or move on the asthenosphere

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15
Q

What new technology helped Harry Hess discover his theory?

A

Sonar methods

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16
Q

Who discovered mountains under the Pacific Ocean?

A

Henry Hess.

17
Q

When Harry Hess was alive, what did most scientists think the bottom of the ocean looked like?

A

A flat landscape.

18
Q

What is a 12,000 mile long mountain range that is 45000 mi in average height and is under the Atlantic?

A

The mid Atlantic ridge.

19
Q

What did Harry Hess determine?

A

That the age of the ocean floor was older the farther away it was from the ridge.

20
Q

Where is the Nazea plate?

A

Under the Pacific Ocean to the west of North America.

21
Q

What are two plates running together?

A

Convergent plates.

22
Q

What is two plates moving away from each-other?

A

Divergent plates.

23
Q

What are two plates sliding past each other?

A

Transformation.

24
Q

What elements make up the composition of Earth’s crust?

A

Granite, and basalt.

25
Q

What elements make up the composition of the mantle?

A

Iron, magnesium, and calcium.

26
Q

How are continental drift and sea floor spreading related?

A

Sea floor spreading explains continental drift.

27
Q

What happens in the mesosphere, asthenosphere, and lithosphere that causes sea floor spreading?

A

Heat increases cause cracks in the asthenosphere.
The less dense liquid from the mesosphere rises into the cracks.
The magma then pushes apart the brittle pieces.
Magma hardens and cools, but it is weak, making it easy to separate the plates again.

28
Q

If more crust is continually being made in the mid-Atlantic ridge, why doesn’t the earth get bigger?

A

The earths old crust slides under crust

The earth has its own system of discarding old rock and making it new.

29
Q

What are the three types of plate boundaries?

A

Continental-continental
Oceanic-oceanic
Continental-oceanic.

30
Q

Describe the densities of continental-continental

A

Less and less

31
Q

Describe the densities of oceanic oceanic.

A

More dense and more dense.

32
Q

Describe the densities of continental oceanic.

A

More and less dense.

33
Q

What happens during continental continental?

A

The plates push up on both sides.

34
Q

What will happen during continental-oceanic?

A

Oceanic crust goes under the continental, and the oceanic subduction under the continental.

35
Q

What will happen during oceanic oceanic?

A

Denser plate subduction under the other plate (less dense oceanic plate will still bend).

36
Q

What are the geological features of continental continental?

A

High mountains.

37
Q

What are the geological features of oceanic continental?

A

Volcanoes and high mountains.

38
Q

What are the geological features of oceanic oceanic?

A

Deep oceans, trenches, volcanoes.

Science. (8 decks)

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