Tectonic hazards - knowledge Flashcards
what physical factors determine the impacts of volcanic eruptions? [5]
. viscosity of lava - more viscous then it traps gas, pressure builds, explosive
. type of volcano
- shield
- composite
. type of plate boundary
. wind direction
. lava type
- basaltic, gentle and effusive
- andesitic, violent and explosive
what human factors determine the impacts of volcanic eruptions? [5]
- education
- level of preparation
- wealth of country / development
- quality of response e.g how fast they evacuate people
- proximity to exposure
name three mitigation strategies for volcanic eruptions (avoid, delay or prevent hazards through preparation for the hazard)
LAND USE ZONING
DIVERTING LAVA FLOWS
HAZARD RESISTENT DESIGNS
name 4 adaptation strategies for volcanic eruptions (reducing impacts)
High technology monitoring to predict hazards
modelling hazard impacts
public education
community preparedness
EXAMPLE OF (volcanos): land use zoning M
Monsarat - 2/3 of it was declared exclusion zone, 8,000 evacuated
EXAMPLE OF (volcanos): diverting lava flows M
Iceland 1973
EXAMPLE OF (volcanos): hazard resistant designs M
steeply sloped sided roofs will shed most ash
EXAMPLE OF (earthquakes): high technology monitoring to predict hazards A
pH levels of the rain water were measured in monserat for magmatic gas content
EXAMPLE OF (volcanos): modelling hazard impacts A
Iceland researchers now use ash dispersal model - developed by the UK
EXAMPLE OF (volcanos): education A
USGS volcano hazard programme is a checklist.
EXAMPLE OF (volcanos): community preparedness A
In Indonesia millions of people have their own traditional warning signs.
earthquake mitigation 1
Japan created seismic hazard map. prepared based off locations previously effected by earthquakes and on faultlines.
earthquake mitugatojn2
hard resistant design and engineering strategies - tokyo sky tree in Japan. 12,000 ft eq proof
eq adaptation 1
public education
Japan have annual disaster prevention a year
eq adaptation 2
community preparedness, 2004 bd tsunami, Thailand elders noticed drawback on Bay of Bengal so ran to hilltops (1/200 died)
