Tectonic hazards - knowledge Flashcards
what physical factors determine the impacts of volcanic eruptions? [5]
. viscosity of lava - more viscous then it traps gas, pressure builds, explosive
. type of volcano
- shield
- composite
. type of plate boundary
. wind direction
. lava type
- basaltic, gentle and effusive
- andesitic, violent and explosive
what human factors determine the impacts of volcanic eruptions? [5]
- education
- level of preparation
- wealth of country / development
- quality of response e.g how fast they evacuate people
- proximity to exposure
name three mitigation strategies for volcanic eruptions (avoid, delay or prevent hazards through preparation for the hazard)
LAND USE ZONING
DIVERTING LAVA FLOWS
HAZARD RESISTENT DESIGNS
name 4 adaptation strategies for volcanic eruptions (reducing impacts)
High technology monitoring to predict hazards
modelling hazard impacts
public education
community preparedness
EXAMPLE OF (volcanos): land use zoning M
Monsarat - 2/3 of it was declared exclusion zone, 8,000 evacuated
EXAMPLE OF (volcanos): diverting lava flows M
Iceland 1973
EXAMPLE OF (volcanos): hazard resistant designs M
steeply sloped sided roofs will shed most ash
EXAMPLE OF (earthquakes): high technology monitoring to predict hazards A
pH levels of the rain water were measured in monserat for magmatic gas content
EXAMPLE OF (volcanos): modelling hazard impacts A
Iceland researchers now use ash dispersal model - developed by the UK
EXAMPLE OF (volcanos): education A
USGS volcano hazard programme is a checklist.
EXAMPLE OF (volcanos): community preparedness A
In Indonesia millions of people have their own traditional warning signs.
earthquake mitigation 1
Japan created seismic hazard map. prepared based off locations previously effected by earthquakes and on faultlines.
earthquake mitugatojn2
hard resistant design and engineering strategies - tokyo sky tree in Japan. 12,000 ft eq proof
eq adaptation 1
public education
Japan have annual disaster prevention a year
eq adaptation 2
community preparedness, 2004 bd tsunami, Thailand elders noticed drawback on Bay of Bengal so ran to hilltops (1/200 died)
key players for managing tectonic hazards 3
aid donors
non governmental organisations
insurers
communities
aid donors, three types of aid
emergency aid - water food shelter
short term aid - temporary shelter, restoring water supply
long term aid - reconstructing and building infrastructure economy
manage programmes to reduce impacts of future disasters
non governmental organisations
and example
provide funds, search and rescue, help Develop restruction plans
EG 2005 pakistan earthquake
NGOs provided:
- 5000 tents
- water for 700,000 people
insurers
insurance coverage provides them with money they need to rebuild and repair
communities
- immediate search and rescue
- temporary shelters, clearing debris
