Tectonic hazards - case studies Flashcards
Was the Montserrat eruption In 1997 explosive?
Yes. The lava was thick so pressure but up
What plate boundary was the Montserrat eruption In 1997 at?
Destructive (convergent)
What was the 3 hazards of the Montserrat eruption In 1997
- earthquakes
- lahars - water and deposits of volcano flowing rapidly down existing valleys
- pyroclastic flows - rapid avalanche of hot ash, gas and rocks
What were the 3 impacts of the Montserrat eruption In 1997
- 9000 people moved abroad
- 19 people killed - ignored the exclusion zone rules
- people who lived in south had to move north sue to exclusion zone rules
Was the management of the Montserrat eruption In 1997 successful? why/how (3 reasons)?
Yes
1. pH of the rainwater around the volcano was regularly monitored to check for indication of magmatic gas content
2. 5000 people were successfully evacuated in time
3. satellite location GPS was used to monitor ground movements
what plate boundary was the eyjafjallajokul, Iceland eruption in 2010
constructive
what type of eruption was the eyjafjallajokul, Iceland eruption in 2010
effusive, as it was a shield volcano
what were the hazards of eyjafjallajokul, Iceland eruption in 2010
landslides
lahars
increased seismic activity shown in 2009 December prior to eruption
what were the impacts of eyjafjallajokul, Iceland eruption in 2010
- disruption to agriculture, livestock, food and water poisoned by fluorine tainted ash
- whole of Europe effected by disrupted and cancelled flights
- quarter of a billion cubic metres of ash exploded Ito atmosphere causing closure of Keflavik airport closing
was eyjafjallajokul, Iceland eruption in 2010 successfully managed? why?
yes
1. 700 people evacuated
2. seismic activity was monitored, which increased before eruptoion
3. 100,000 European flights evacuated
what plate boundary was the Congo 2002 eruption at?
divergent
was the Congo 2002 eruption explosive? why?
no, as it was basaltic lava. so it was very fast, runny and had low viscosity
what where the 2 hazards from the Congo 2002 eruption
- lava flows devastated shops and businesses
- volcanic acids released caused acid rain destroying cattle and farms
what were the 3 impacts from the Congo 2002 eruption
- 200 people died from co2 poisoning
- 12,500 homes destroyed by earthquake and lava flows
- 400,000 had to be evacuated
was the Congo 2002 eruption successfully managed? why?
NO
1. international aid was delayed getting there due to damage to airports in Goma
2. 50,000 inhabitants stuck between lava flows in Goma
3. 400,000 people evacuated but very slowly - only began when smoke plumes where coming out of the top of the volcano
when was the Japanese tsunami and earthquake
2011
what plate boundary was the Japanese tsunami and earthquake 2011 on
destructive
what was the magnitude of the Japanese tsunami and earthquake
9.1
where was the epicentre of the t and e Japan 2011
11,000 km for sendi
hazards of the tsunami and earthquake 2011
- ground shaking
- Fukushima hit by tsunami causing nuclear disaster
- p-waves at 6km / s
impacts of tsunami and earthquake Japan 2011
- 18,500 deaths
- $300 billion damage
management of Japanese tsunami and earthquake 2011
tsunami:
- 5.2m sea wall in place at fuckashima
- automatic shut off at Fukushima
earthquake:
- sent alerts to everyones phones
where was the boxing day tsunami and earthquake 2004
indian ocean
what was the magnitude of the boxing day tsunami and earthquake 2004
9.4
what was the name given to the boxing day tsunami and earthquake 2004
megathrust
what was the plate boundary of the tsunami of the boxing day tsunami and earthquake 2004
destructive
where was the epicentre of the boxing day tsunami and earthquake 2004
northwest of Sumatra in Indonesia
how high was the tsunami ( boxing day tsunami and earthquake 2004)
15 metres
how far inland did tsunami travel ( boxing day tsunami and earthquake 2004)
3 miles
how fast was wave ( boxing day tsunami and earthquake 2004)
500 mph
how many countries in Asia suffered loss of life
14
death toll - boxing day tsunami and earthquake 2004
23000
why was it poorly managed? boxing day tsunami and earthquake 2004
did not have warning systems In place
Haiti earthquake 2010 plate boundary
destructive and conservative
Haiti earthquake 2010 magnitude
7.0
Haiti earthquake 2010 epicentre
close to port au prince
Haiti earthquake 2010 focal depth
2-8km
Haiti earthquake 2010 hazards
ground shaking
Haiti earthquake 2010 impacts
350,000 infected with cholera
22,000 killed
looting
30,000 damaged buildings
how well was Haiti earthquake 2010 managed
poorly managed
lack of money/sanitation
only 120 people recovered from rubble
