Tectonic hazards and disasters - case studies Flashcards
2010 Haiti earthquake
What are the human development statistics?
GDP per capita = US$ 900
Life expectancy = 65
Literacy rate = 61%
2010 Haiti earthquake
What were the physical aspects of the earthquake?
Magnitude = 7.0
Conservative plate boundary
Focus = 13km underground (shallow)
epicentre = 25km from the capital city
2010 Haiti earthquake
What were the primary impacts?
316,000 killed
300,000 injured
All 8 hospitals collapsed
2010 Haiti earthquake
What were the secondary impacts?
1.5 million homeless
Cholera outbreak through the homeless camps which killed 8,000
2010 Haiti earthquake
What was the mitigation like leading up to the disaster?
There was a lack of mitigation
2010 Haiti earthquake
What were the short-term responses?
The loss of government buildings resulted in a lack of clear leadership
The UN sent soldiers to hep keep law and order
2010 Haiti earthquake
What were the long-term responses (recovery)?
New health care system established with improved health care statistics
2010 Indonesia Mount Merapi eruption
What are the human development statistics?
GDP per capita = US$ 3,900
Life expectancy = 72
Literacy rate = 96%
2010 Indonesia Mount Merapi eruption
What were the physical aspects of the eruption?
VEI 4
Stratovolcano
Destructive plate margin
2010 Indonesia Mount Merapi eruption
What were the primary impacts?
353 killed
577 injured
Pyroclastic flows travelled 3km down the heavily populated mountain sides
Volcanic ash travelled 6km into the sky
2010 Indonesia Mount Merapi eruption
What were the secondary impacts?
350,000 made homeless
Ash clouds caused major disruption to aviation across the region
Heavy rain soon after caused lahars
2010 Indonesia Mount Merapi eruption?
What was the mitigation like?
Frequent smoke released from the volacno prior to 2010 meant people did not perceive risk
Many residents delayed evacuation
2010 Indonesia Mount Merapi eruption
What were the short-term responses?
Evacuation centres set up
20km exclusion zone established around the volcano
2010 Indonesia Mount Merapi eruption
What were the long-term responses?
Dams built to hold back lahars
Warning system established, radios used to report changes in volcanic activity
2010 Chile Talcahuano tsunami
What are the human development factors?
GDP per capita = US$ 13,000
Life expectancy = 80
Literacy rate = 96%
2010 Chile Talcahuano tsunami
What were the physical aspects of the earthquake/tsunami?
Magnitude = 8.8 in Pacific Ocean
Focus = 22km underground (shallow)
Destructive plate margin
2010 Chile Talcahuano tsunami
What were the primary impacts?
500 killed
25 missing
Nearly 400,000 homes destroyed
A port was damaged
2010 Chile Talcahuano tsunami
What were the secondary impacts?
Coastal areas affected struggled to recover from damage to the fishing and tourism industries
2010 Chile Talcahuano tsunami
What was the mitigation like?
Damage was limited due to building codes enforced after the 1960 earthquake
Officials ignored tsunami warnings and failed to warn coastal residents
2010 Chile Talcahuano tsunami
What were the short-term responses?
10,000 Chilean troops dispatched to keep peace and aid rescue
2010 Chile Talcahuano tsunami
What were the long-term responses?
Increased precautions such as evacuation drills (which proved to save lives in 2014 tsunami)
What are two reasons why Haiti still hadn’t fully recovered 10 years later?
The continuation of unstable governments over the past four decades and disorganised international aid
Which major city is Mount Merapi immediately north of?
Yogyakarta
