Tectonic Hazards

Question 1

What is the order of the layers of the earth ?

Answer 1

Crust
Mantle
Outer core
Inner core

Question 2

Describe crust

Answer 2

Thinnest, lowest density

Question 3

Describe mantle

Answer 3

Thick, denser than crust

Question 4

Describe outer core

Answer 4

Made of molten iron and nickel
Denser than the mantle

Question 5

Describe inner core

Answer 5

Made of solid iron and nickel
Densest layer

Question 6

Describe continental crust

Answer 6

Thicker
Less dense
Made of granite

Question 7

Describe oceanic crust

Answer 7

Thinner
Denser
Made of basalt

Question 8

What are the 4 plate margins ?

Answer 8

Collision
Destructive
Constructive
Conservative

Question 9

Describe collision margins

Answer 9

2 continental plates
Converging

Question 10

Describe conservative margins

Answer 10

2 plates move alongside
Pressure builds up
When plates slip-pressure releases -earthquake

Question 11

Describe constructive margins

Answer 11

2 plates diverging
Magma rises through the gap- volcanos
Lava solidifies- new crust

Question 12

Describe destructive margin

Answer 12

2 plates: continental + oceanic
Converging
Oceanic dives beneath continental, as its denser
Known as subduction
Can cause earthquakes+ volcanoes eruptions

Question 13

What is an epicentre of the earthquake ?

Answer 13

The point of the earths surface directly above the focus, in theory, shacking here will be stronger

Question 14

What is a focus of the earthquake ?

Answer 14

The point underground where the plate slip, and from where the seismic waves radiate outwards

Question 15

.

Answer 15

Smaller earthquake that occur in the hours,days,weeks and month following the main event, caused by the plates slipping a little more as they settle down into their new configuration

Question 16

What is a fault line of an earthquake

Answer 16

A fracture in the rock at a plate margin where pressure builds up if the moving plates stick

Question 17

What are seismic waves ?

Answer 17

Energy waves that radiate out from the focus and cause the ground to shake . Primary waves stretch and compress the ground, whilst secondary waves shake in from side to side

Question 18

What is magnitude ?

Answer 18

Th higher the magnitude, the more energy is released and the greater the potential for damage to buildings and people

Question 19

What is Richter scale ?

Answer 19

Amount of energy released by an earthquake and the intensity of shaking

Question 20

What is magma chamber ?

Answer 20

A reservoir of molten rock within the crust, below the volcano. When this starts to rise towards the surface, an eruption becomes more likely

Question 21

What is a vent ?

Answer 21

The “pipe” that connects the magma chamber to the crate. Magma rises up the vent before erupting

Question 22

What is a crater?

Answer 22

A depression at the top of the volcanic cone from which lava, ash and other products are emitted

Question 23

What is a parasitic cone ?

Answer 23

A smaller cone that develops on the side of the main cone. It forms is the main vent is blocked, and rising magma follows smaller channel to be erupted from the side of the volcano

Question 24

What is a primary hazard ?

Answer 24

Direct consequence

Question 25

What is secondary hazard?

Answer 25

Indirect consequence

Question 26

Example of a primary hazard of earthquake

Answer 26

Ground shacking and displacement

Question 27

Example of secondary hazard of earthquake

Answer 27

Tsunami

Question 28

3 reasons why people want to live in areas of volcanic hazards ?

Answer 28

Volcanic ash breakers down to form fertile soil, making it easy to grow crops

Volcanoes bring valuable minerals such as sulphur

Volcanic landscapes attract lots of tourist

Question 29

3 physical factors that effects the severity of hazard impact during an earthquake

Answer 29

Magnitude
Geology
Distance from epicentre
Depth of focus

Question 30

3 human factors that effect the severity of hazard impact during an earthquake

Answer 30

Population density
Time of the day
Lever of development