Tectonic Hazards

Question 1

What does Cerryntau Darfudol Cause ?

Answer 1

Cerryntau darfudol = drifft yr glannau = platiau dargyfeiriol

Question 2

Platiau Cydgyfeiriol?

Answer 2

Cefnforl = cefndirol = yr un dwyach (cenforol) yn cael eu amsugno = creu tensiwm = daergynfeudd / creu magma = echodriad volcanig = magma o dan pressure enfawr pan mae’n cael eu creu fel hyn = siambr magma (echdoriad yn crymurd miloedd o blynyddoedd )

Platiau dim yn symud heibio eu golydd yn hawdd ac felly mae tensiwn yn codi = daergrynfeudd

Ffos = where one plate gets pulled under the other = creates a gap

Question 3

Echdoriad Cydgyfeiriol?

Answer 3

Echodriad cydgyfeiriol = myw ffrydrol = oherwydd mae’n cymrud miloedd o blynyddoedd ac felly mae fwy o egni yn casglu ac felly mae fwy I rhyddhau. Mae’n llai cyffredin oherwydd yr swm o asmer a egni sydd yn anghenrheidiol ar eu gyfer. Pan mae dau plat cydgyfeirol yn symud heibio eu gilydd mae’r un trymach (cefnforol ) yn cael eu tamsugno o dan ac fel canlyniad mae llawer o magma yn cael eu chreu gan arwain at siambr magma.

Question 4

Ffawtiau Hollt?

Answer 4

Ffawtiau hollts = ymyl 3 plat = 120* = ffin/ rhan o tir yn rhy gwan = cwymp = rhyddhau magma e..e Gulf of Guinea

= holltau

=gwely mor yn lledaenu

= echodria folcanig

= teneuo;r gramen

Question 5

Ymyl cadwrol ?

Answer 5

nad yw cramen yn cael eu chreu neu eu dinsitrio

Ffirthiant = daergrynfeudd = 🙁

Question 6

Ring of Fire?

Answer 6

0% of tectonic activity happens on the ring of fire

75% of all volcanoes are dotted along the ring of fireit’s , apparently, houreshoe shapped e.e. mount st helens 1980 = ring of fire

40,000 km long and living it’s best life

Question 7

Mannau Poeth ?

Answer 7

digwyddiad platiau heb platiau yn fod yn rhan ohono e.e. hawaii

Magma poeth yn gorfodi eu hun trwy’r gramen ac fel canlyniad mae digwyddiad volcanig e.e. Kileua yn Hawaii (active for 23,000 and 90% of it is over 1000 years old = new magma keeps replcaing the old magma )

Os mae plat cefnforl yn drifftio heibio man poeth bydd chain o mountains yn cael eu chreu e.e. yn hawaii (Hawai Emperor Seamount chain )

Question 8

Profile Peryg Agenda?…. Tinder for Tectonic Activity :)

Answer 8

Amlder, maint, hyd , rhagweladwydd, cyflymder yr digwyddiad, a yr arwyneb a wnaeth e eu effiethio (I would argue that lleoliad should be a part of this because the difference between the center of london and dwyrian Tsiena are two very different stories)

Question 9

Mynegrif Ffrwythlondeb folcanig ?

Answer 9

gyfaint, hyd, beth sy;n cael eu rhyddhau e.e

Question 10

Raddfa Ritcher?

Answer 10

faint o egni sy’n cael eu rhyddhau gan yr daergyn yn ystod yr digwyddiad ina times 10 way e.e. a folcano that mesures 6 is 10X more powerful than one that mesures 5

Question 11

Mercalli?

Answer 11

Dwyster yr Ysgwyd

Question 12

Llosgfynydd con?

Answer 12

ymyl cydgyfeiriol = llawn silica a nodweddion toddiedig= andesitig

Moves slowly but can cause pyroclastic flows and enormous erruptions e.e. mount fiji japan1707

Question 13

Llosgfynydd Tarian?

Answer 13

asaltig = llawn haearn a dim llawer o silica = dim yn gludiog iawn

High cinteic enegry = can cause mor damage more quickly.. High mass and high temp- mount kea 1984

Question 14

Conau lludw ?

Answer 14

unrhyw le mae yna echdoria folcanig

Question 15

Llifoedd pyroclastig

Answer 15

teithio 700km yr awr , lludw poeth o 1000* = not fun = echodirad ffrwydrol = lafa teithio lan oeri a trwy mewn I solid = criag a lludw = fuego volcano = killed dozens in Guetemala 2018- teithio 70-200 mph

Mount Pelee – pyroclastic flow – killed 30,000 people, 1902

Question 16

Cwymp Lludw?

Answer 16

= dim yn lladd yn syth

= problemau tymor canolig e.e. probelmau anadlu oherwydd yr gromu yn yr aer. Tirweddu wedi ochruddio yn penyrrau o lludw , cau meusydd awyr e,e, Eyjafallajokull 2010

Nwyon gwnewenig megis CO2 a hydrogen sylffad cael eu rhyddhau

Question 17

Magma Balisitf

Answer 17

finiau dargyferiol , boethach , fwy hylifol a cyflumach ac yn oeri yn cyflymach

Question 18

Eyjafjallajökull, Gwlad yr Iâ yn 2010

Answer 18

hain reaction of magma chambers being released , dormant for 200 years and then erupted nearly a dozen times over 10 weeks , decompression wave ripped down and caused the chain reaction, North American plate and eurasio , airlines lost £130 milliwn every day , Eurostar got an extra 50,000 passengers as result so yay them , people living in rural areas had to wear facemasks because the air was so thick, ash contaminated the local water supply

Question 19

Mount Merapi Indoesia

Answer 19

Erupted 68 times since the sixteenth century and is the most active volcano in it’s region- ‘mountain of fire’- part of the ring of fire, smoke comes out of the top of the volcano 300 times out 365 days a year . Andesitic lava and a very active volcano. Cone shaped.

2010 erruption = more intense than eyjafajallkull and rated a 4 on the VEI ( Volcanic explosivity index )

= 200,000 people were made homeless and 320,000 people were displaced

= no privacy and high disease risk

= 353 people were killed in the explosion and 5000 people were killed ina following eathquake

= tourist opportunities so yay economy ….

Reponses short term

210 evacuation centers were set up with tents

1600 people were apart of the help set up thing (rhaglen elusenol cymorth )

Long term

2682 people were dispaced

Government are giving farmers money to replace their livestock

New prediction system has been put in place 1942 using seismonitors

Question 20

Gwydnwch

Answer 20

I pa rhaddau all yr ardal ‘recover’ o’r digwyddiad.

Question 21

Chile (HIC)

Answer 21

Chile = 38th richest country in the world

2010 earthquake , 8.8 ritcher scale and lasted three minutes (usually lasts 10-30 seconds)

Destructive plate aka cydgyfeiriol aka they just wanted a hug

500 killed and 12,000 injured

800,000 people were killed in total

Water and electricity were lost in many areas , cost $30 billion in total

Secondary effect = landslides

Tsunami was triggered

Responses ?

Emergency servies were deployed qucikly and make shift tent hospitald were created

Within 24 hours repairs were made to route 5 road = response teams can go to rural communities

Chilean goverement created 5,000 tempoary shelters and fundraing led to another 30,000

Power and water was restored to the majority of houses to 90% of people withing 10 days

$60 million was raised from donation was not heavily relied on as chile had plenty of savings to fall back on

Preseident of chile announces that recovery would take up to four years

Question 22

Anghydraddoldeb

Answer 22

gwahaniaeth mewn cyfoeth yn yr ardal

Question 23

Nepal (LIC)

Answer 23

109/139 countires in the world for richness

2015 , 7.9 magnitude earthquake , epicenter was 80km away from the main city

And originated 15km bellow the surface

9,000 killed, 20,000 injured and 1/3 of nepals popualtion was effected (8 million )

1,4 million urgently needed food and water

Cost $5billion USD

Landslides and avalanches (secondary effect )= blocked rivers

Avalanche on mount everets killed 19 people

International aid came from India, Uk and China

Over £87 million was raised in donations

Half a million tesnt were donated by UNCEF

300,000 people fled to live with family

Gwledydd sydd a MDD <0.55 yn fwy agored I niwed

Dim adeialdu gwrthxseyfll tectonig

Dim addysg are sut I ymateb

Mynediad llai at dwr a bwyd

Question 24

Japan

Answer 24

Ar fin 4 plat ac yn rhan o’r cylch tan

Yn cael 1,500 daergryn pob blwyddyn ac yn cartref I tua 10% o holl llosgfynyddoedd byd eang

Adeiladau yn cynnwys : shock absorbers - I wneud hyn er mwyn stopio’r adeilad rhag ‘collapse’ = achub bywydau (e.e. 1923 The Great Kanto Earthquake a lladodd 140,000 a magnitude o 7.9 = eisiau osgoi hyn eto)

Question 25

Daegrynfeudd

Answer 25

igwydd pan mae platiau yn symud yn sydyn o amgylch eu gilydd

Cydgyfeiriol = cramen cyfandforol yn fynd o dan un cyfandirol = ffrithiant rhwng yr 2 plat…

Hypoganolbwyynt = the canolbwynt canolbwynt

Uwchganolbwynt – the canolbwynt but up

Tonnau P= ———– (they come first)

Tonnau S= |||||||||||\

Question 26

Shock Absorbers?

Answer 26

rocess or enw ‘seismic isolation’ = defnyddio rwber hyd at 30-50cm er mwyn amsugno yr ‘shock waves’ ac felly yn lleihau yr egni sy’n cyrraedd strwythur yr adeilad

Question 27

Tuned Mass Dampers

Answer 27

pwys yn symud ir ochr cyfeiriol I’r adeilad yn ystod daergryn er mwyn eu stopio rhag cwymp e.e. Taipai101 yn Taiwan