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Physical Geography > Tectonic And Weather Hazards And Case Studies > Flashcards

Tectonic And Weather Hazards And Case Studies Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the difference between oceanic and continental crust?

A
  • Oceanic=Denser,Can be subducted,found underneath oceans, younger
  • Continental=Older, lighter (doesnt sink), cannot be destroyed
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2
Q

What happens at a destructive plate boundary?

A
  • An oceanic and continental plate collide
  • Oceanic crust is subducted under the continental plate and melts in the mantle
  • Volcanoes and mountains so usually the most erupt I’ve
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3
Q

What happens at a collision plate boundary?

A
  • Two continental plates collide

- Neither can sink so they collide upwards and form mountains

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4
Q

What happens at a conservative plate boundary?

A
  • Two plates move past each other
  • As they move friction is created and eventually they get stuck
  • When the pressure is released so is a lot of energy and an earthquake occurs
  • No new land created
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5
Q

What happens at a constructive plate boundary?

A
  • Plates move apart from each other and in the gap magma rises
  • Makes new land in the form of a shield volcano
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6
Q

What affects the severity of a natural disaster?

A
  • The strength of the event
  • The number of people in the area at the time
  • The amount of poverty in the main area
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7
Q

What are the four main management strategies for reducing tectonic risks and how do they help?

A
  • Monitoring-Using equipment to give people adequate time to evacuate
  • Prediction-Using the monitoring equipment to predict when the next hazard will strike
  • Protection-Helps with fatalities and destruction
  • Planning-Strategies on how to prevent decimation by earthquakes.
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8
Q

How do convection currents cause plate boundaries?

A
  • Heat from the core rises
  • When it hits the surface it drags the plates apart causing magma to rise
  • The heat then goes back down
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9
Q

What is the global atmospheric model?

A
  • A model showing the circulation of air and weather on Earth
  • Following the premise that hot air rises, cool air falls and will travel back to the equator
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10
Q

What are the three cells that make up the global atmospheric circulation model and what are their features?

A
  • Polar Cells- Smallest where cold dense air travels slightly then recirculates
  • Hadley Cells- Largest near the equator
  • Ferrel cells- Don’t work off temperature making steady weather
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11
Q

What is the weather like where air rises?

A
  • Low pressure and lots of rain
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12
Q

What is the weather like where air falls?

A
  • Clear skies and minimal rainfall
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13
Q

What does ITCZ stand for and what happens there?

A
  • Inter tropical convergence zone
  • Warm air is sucked towards the equator making it hotter
  • This warm air rises carrying any moisture and forms Cumulonimbus clouds (Large clouds)
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14
Q

What do hurricanes need in order to form?

A
  • To start over the ocean
  • Ocean needs to be at least 60 m deep
  • Ocean needs to be 26 degrees or warmer
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15
Q

Structure of a hurricane?

A
  • Eye of the storm- Calmer, slower winds

- Everywhere else- High winds, rain , death.

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16
Q

What was the magnitude of the Haiti earthquake?

A
  • 7 on the Richter scale
17
Q

What was the cause of the main effects Haiti earthquake?

A
  • Epicentre was near capital city

- Very shallow earthquake (only 8.8 km under surface)

18
Q

Why were the effects of the Haiti earthquake so massive?

A
  • Haiti is one of the poorest countries in the world

- Very little money to spare in rebuilding

19
Q

What were the primary effects of the Haiti earthquake?

A
  • 220,000 people killed
  • 300,000 injured
  • 1.3 million homeless
20
Q

What were the secondary effects of the Haiti earthquake?

A
  • Outbreaks of cholera due to poor sanitation (8,000 people died)
  • 2 million left without food or water
21
Q

What were the immediate and long term responses to the Haiti earthquake?

A 
Immediate:
- Aid was slow to arrive due to port damage
- USA sent 10,000 troops
- 235,000 moved from capital
Long term:
- Minimal food interest rates
- Homes slowly being rebuilt
22
Q

What were the problems with the responses to the Haiti earthquake?

A
  • Money was misspent

- Forgotten about

23
Q

What was the magnitude of the Japan earthquake?

A
  • 9.0
24
Q

What were the main causes of the effects from the Japanearthquake?

A
  • Earthquake broke under water causing a tsunami

- Tsunami hit flat land and rose above tsunami walls

25
Q

What were the primary effects of the Japan earthquake?

A
  • 16,000 killed
  • 6,000 injured
  • Destroyed a nuclear power plant causing a large loss of power
26
Q

What were the secondary effects of the Japan earthquake?

A
  • Tsunami
  • Electricity problems country wide
  • Cost $235 billion
27
Q

What were the immediate and long term responses for the Japan earthquake?

A 
Immediate:
- Rescue services released
- Temporary hospitals built
- Emergency Aid
Long term:
- rebuilding earthquake proof houses
- Tsunami walls improved and made taller
28
Q

Where did Typhoon Haiyan occur?

A
  • Started in the Philippines then moved to mainland Asia
29
Q

What caused Typhoon Haiyan?

A
  • 120 mph winds

- Warm sea

30
Q

What were the economic effects of typhoon Haiyan?

A
  • $3.83 billion in damage
31
Q

What were the social effects of typhoon Haiyan?

A
  • 7,000 people died
  • 1.9 million homeless
  • 6 million displaced
  • Tacloban worse effected
32
Q

What were the environmental effects of typhoon Haiyan?

A
  • Oil spill

- Destroyed mangrove forests

33
Q

What were the immediate and long term responses to Typhoon Haiyan?

A 
Immediate:
- Two day warning prompting evacuation 
- UK government provided Aid
Long term:
- UN launched international aid to help rebuild
34
Q

What is the Safir Simpson scale?

A
  • A scale ranking hurricanes on there severity 1-5

Physical Geography (8 decks)

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