Glaciers

Question 1

When did the last ice age take place?

Answer 1

18,000 years ago

Question 2

What was the extent of the last ice age?

Answer 2

All of northern UK and northern Europe

Question 3

How do glaciers shape the land?

Answer 3

• Erosion
• Weathering
• Transportation
• Deposition

Question 4

What are the two main types of erosion in glaciers?

Answer 4

• Abrasion-Sandpapering affect where rocks that have been frozen into the bottom are dragged along
• Plucking-Rocks become frozen to the side of the glacier then as it moves along its pulled off

Question 5

What is the main type of weathering with glaciers?

Answer 5

-Freeze Thaw-Ice melts then gets into cracks then freezes so it expands slightly. The process repeats until bits drop off.

Question 6

What is a Corrie?

Answer 6

A bowl-like formation in the side of a mountain

Question 7

How are Corries formed?

Answer 7

• Snow collects in a shallow side of mountain
• Every winter snow gets more compact
• Back wall gets steeper due to freeze thaw weathering
• Base of the corrie gets deeper due to abrasion
• As the Glacier moves it goes out of the Corrie via rotational slip
• When Glacier melts it leaves a Tarn (Corrie Lake)

Question 8

What are the erosional features caused by a glacier and how are they formed?

Answer 8

• Hanging valley- A second glacier that did not fully erode but joined the main glacier
• U shaped valley-The flat bottomed valley caused by abrasion and plucking
• Truncated Spurs-Cut of interlocking spurs from rivers
• Ribbon Lake-Where the abrasion ran the deepest water may collect and form a lake
• Arete-Narrow ridges created when two corries form back to back
• Pyramidal peak-Caused by three corries eroding back to back forming

Question 9

What are the processes of glacial transportation?

Answer 9

• Plucking-Plucked off rocks are carried with the movement of the Glacier
• Freeze-Thaw weathering-causes rocks to be carried
• Bulldozing-Any material collected by the glacier is pushed along
• Rotational slip-The movement of ice in a Corrie

Question 10

What is a moraine?

Answer 10

Any material carried by the glacier

Question 11

What is the difference between a lateral and terminal moraine?

Answer 11

• Lateral-Material deposited on both sides of the glacier

- Terminal-Material deposited at the end of the glacier

Question 12

What is a medial moraine?

Answer 12

-Material deposited in the middle of the glacier by two lateral moraines meeting

Question 13

What is glacial till?

Answer 13

All material deposited by a glacier

Question 14

What is an erratic?

Answer 14

Rocks deposited by the glacier that does not match the surrounding rock type

Question 15

What is a drumlin?

Answer 15

Moraine which has been shaped in a way that is tall at one end then reduced and is smaller than the other. The ice flow can be found by the direction the thin part is pointing.

Question 16

What is the basket of eggs topography?

Answer 16

A collection of Drumlins called it due to the strange landscape it forms.

Question 17

What is the outwash plain?

Answer 17

The extent of fine particles carried by the melt water.

Question 18

What activities happen in upland areas?

Answer 18

• Farming (especially sheep farming as they’re hard wearing)
• Water management (either with hydroelectricity or with dams for water)
• Forestry (Coniferous trees are popular)
• Quarrying(easy access)
• Tourism

Question 19

How is conflict created by the activities in upland areas?

Answer 19

• Water Management-Dams create loss of land and habitats makes people think that the environment should be preserved
• Forestry-Destroys habitats and reduces biodiversity
• Quarrying-Brings noise,heavy traffic,dust and can affect tourism
• Tourism-Conflict between wanting to create tourist activities and wanting to preserve the natural beauty