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BCIS 2610 > Technology for Success (Operating Systems and File Management) - Chapter 4 > Flashcards

Technology for Success (Operating Systems and File Management) - Chapter 4 Flashcards

1
Q

System Software

A

is the software that runs a computer, including the operating system and utilities.

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2
Q

Operating System (Platform)

A

a program that manages the complete operation of your computer or mobile device and lets you interact with it

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3
Q

Standard operating system functions include

A

Starting and shutting down a computer or device

Managing programs

Managing memory

Coordinating tasks

Configuring devices

Establishing an Internet connection

Monitoring performance

Providing file management

Updating operating system software

Monitoring security

Controlling network access

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4
Q

Graphical User Interface (GUI)

A

a collective term for all the ways you interact with the device.
(How you interact with menus, programs and apps, and visual images such as icons by touching)

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5
Q
A
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6
Q

Utilities

A

enable you to perform maintenance-type tasks related to managing the computer or device.
(tools that you use to manage files, search for content or programs, view images, install and uninstall apps, etc)

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7
Q

Software as a Service (SaaS)

A

software that is distributed online for a monthly subscription or an annual fee

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8
Q

Personal Computer (PC) operating system or Desktop Operating System

A

An operating system installed on a single computer (Windows, macOS, UNIX, Linux)

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9
Q

Closed Source

A

programs keep all or some of the code hidden, enabling developers to control and profit from the program they create.

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10
Q

Open Source

A

programs and apps (including operating systems) have no restrictions from the copyright holder regarding modification and redistribution.

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11
Q

Server Operating System

A

a multiuser operating system because it controls a single, centralized server computer that supports many users on networked computers

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12
Q

Virtualization

A

the practice of sharing computing resources, such as servers or storage devices, among computers and devices on a network

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13
Q

Mobile Operating System

A

smartphones, tablets, and other mobile devices (Android, IOS)

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14
Q

Desktop

A

The main workspace. (Icons, toolbars, taskbars, menus, and buttons you can use to start programs and apps)

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15
Q

Window

A

a rectangular-shaped work area that displays an app or a collection of files, folders, and tools.

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16
Q

Menu

A

a list of related items, including folders, applications, and commands.

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17
Q

Dialog boxes

A

windows with controls that let you tell the operating system how you want to complete a command

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18
Q

File

A

a collection of information stored on your computer, such as a text document, spreadsheet, photo, or song

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19
Q

Data file

A

contains words, numbers, and pictures that you can manipulate

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20
Q

Executable file

A

contains the instructions your computer or device needs to run programs and apps

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21
Q

File format

A

refers to the organization and layout of data in a file

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22
Q

File extension

A

three or four letter sequence, preceded by a period, at the end of a file name that identifies the file as a particular type of document, such as .docx or .jpg

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23
Q

Folder

A

a named location on a storage medium that usually contains related documents

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24
Q

Library

A

a special folder that catalogs specific files and folders in a central location, regardless of where the items are actually stored on your device

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25
Q

How does an operating system work?

A

Takes care of the technical tasks of running the computer or device while you work on a school or professional projects, watch videos, connect with friends, or play games. They process data, manage memory, control hardware, and provide a user interface.

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26
Q

The purpose of an operating system

A

Responsible for coordinating the resources and activities on a computer. Also manages interactions between hardware and software.

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27
Q

Memory

A

consists of electronic components that store instructions waiting to be executed by the processor, data needed by those instructions, and the results of processing the data into information

28
Q

Volatile memory

A

temporary, and loses its contents when the power is turned off

29
Q

Nonvolatile memory

A

permanent, and its contents remain on the computer or device even when its turned off

30
Q

RAM (random access memory)

A

the storage location that temporarily stores open apps and document data while a computer or device is on

31
Q

Cache

A

temporary storage area designed to help speed up processing time

32
Q

Virtual memory

A

the capability of an operating system to temporarily store data on a storage medium until it can be “swapped” into RAM

33
Q

ROM (read-only memory)

A

refers to memory chips that store permanent data and instructions. The data on the ROM chips cannot be modified.

34
Q

Flash memory

A

a type of nonvolatile memory that can be erased electronically and rewritten. Store data and programs on many mobile and peripheral devices, such as smartphones and digital cameras.

35
Q

Boot process

A

before you can interact with the operating system, the computer goes through the boot process, which triggers a series of step and checks as the computer loads the operating system

36
Q

Bootstrap program

A

executes a series of tests to check the components, including the RAM, keyboard, and storage, and identifies connected devices and checks their settings.

37
Q

Kernel

A

the core of an operating system. it manages memory, runs programs, and assisgns resources.

38
Q

Input

A

any data and instructions entered into the memory of a device (card readers, game controllers, microphones and webcams, scanners, touch pads or a mouse)

39
Q

Output

A

include text, graphics, audio, video, or any combination of those.

40
Q

Buffer

A

an area of memory that stores data and information waiting to be sent to an input or output device

41
Q

Spooling

A

placing data into a buffer

42
Q

Default settings

A

standard settings that control how the screen is set up and how a document looks when you first start typing

43
Q

Shortcuts

A

create links to files and apps

44
Q

Pointing device

A

a hardware device that lets you interact with your computer by controlling the movement of the pointer on your computer screen; examples include a mouse, trackball, touchpad, pointing stick, on-screen touch pointer, tablet, or for touch-enabled devices, your hand or finger

45
Q

Keyboard

A

contains not only characters such as letters, numbers, and punctuation, but also keys that can issue command

46
Q

Close button

A

closes the open window, app, or document

47
Q

Restore Down button

A

reduces a window to its last non-maximized size

48
Q

Active window

A

the window you are currently using, which appears in front of any other open windows

49
Q

Program window

A

displays a running program

50
Q

Folder window

A

displays the contents of a folder, drive, or device

51
Q

Resources

A

the components required to perform work, such as the processor, RAM, storage space, and connected devices

52
Q

Tile

A

a shaded rectangle, such as on the Windows Start menu, that represents an app or other resource

53
Q

Icon

A

a small picture that represents a program, file, or hardware device

54
Q

Button

A

a graphic that you click to execute commands you need to work with an app, such as on a toolbar, taskbar, or the ribbon

55
Q

Control Panel

A

collection of utility programs that determine how Windows appears and performs on your computer.

56
Q

Settings app

A

contains touch-friendly categories of the most commonly used Windows settings; more advanced settings are found in the Control Panel

57
Q

Shortcut menu

A

a list of frequently used commands that relate to an object, typically displayed by right-clicking; the commands on a shortcut menu are related to the item you right-clicked

58
Q

Virtual Machine

A

enables a computer or device to run another operating system in addition to the one installed

59
Q

User accounts

A

identify the resources, such as apps and storage locations, a user can access when working with the computer

60
Q

Administrator account

A

provides full access to the computer

61
Q

Kilobytes (KB)

A

thousands of bytes of data

62
Q

Megabytes (MB)

A

millions of bytes of data

63
Q

Gigabytes

A

billions of bytes of data

64
Q

Cloud

A

a storage area located on a server that you access through the Internet or a network

65
Q

Clipboard

A

a temporary Windows storage area that holds the selections you copy or cut so you can use them later

BCIS 2610 (2 decks)

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