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BCIS 2610 > Technology for Success (Computer Hardware) - Chapter 3 > Flashcards

Technology for Success (Computer Hardware) - Chapter 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Central Process

A

A complex integrated circuit that consists of millions of electronic parts and is primarily responsible for converting input (data) into meaningful output (information).

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2
Q

multi-core processor

A

Processor with multiple cores.

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3
Q

processor cache

A

stores this data next to the processor so that it can easily and quickly be retrieved

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4
Q

Control Unit

A

Manages the flow of instructions within the processor.

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5
Q

Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU)

A

Responsible for performing arithmetic operations in the CPU.

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6
Q

Random Access Memory (RAM)

A

stored on one or more chips connected to the main circuit board of the computer (also referred to as the mother-board)

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7
Q

volatile

A

memory that loses its contents when power is removed

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8
Q

nonvolatile

A

does not lose its contents when power is removed

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9
Q

read-only memory (ROM)

A

Permanently installed memory on your computer attached to the motherboard. The ROM chip contains the BIOS, which tells your computer how to start

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10
Q

power-on self-test (POST)

A

tests all computer components for proper operations

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11
Q

Firmware

A

computer manufactures often update the instructions in the ROM chip

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12
Q

Virtual Memory

A

process of optimizing RAM storage by borrowing hard drive space

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13
Q

swap file (page file)

A

is a temporary storage area on the hard drive where the OS swaps out from RAM the data or instructions that haven’t recently been used

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14
Q

input device

A

Communicates instructions and commands to a computer. Common input devices are keyboard

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15
Q

output device

A

Conveys information from the computer to the user. Common output devices include displays, speakers, headphones, projectors, and printers.

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16
Q

Dynamic RAM (DRAM)

A

Memory needs to be constantly recharged or contents will be erased (Volatile)

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17
Q

Static RAM (SRAM)

A

Memory can be recharged less frequently than DRAM

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18
Q
  1. Magnetoresistive RAM (MRAM)
A

Memory uses magnetic charges to store contents

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19
Q

flash memory

A

Fast type of memory that typically is less expensive than some other types of RAM

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20
Q

binary system

A

a number system that has just two unique digits

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21
Q

bit

A

the smallest unit of data a computer can process

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22
Q

Byte

A

a group of 8 bits

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23
Q

ASCII (American Standard Code for Information Interchange)

A

8 bits are used

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24
Q

Unicode

A

A 16-bit character-representation code that can represent more than 65

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25
Q

hard drive

A

The primary storage component of a computer which holds all software and data.

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26
Q

Solid State Drive (SSD)

A

a drive without moving parts and is faster and more durable than magnetic drives

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27
Q

external hard drive

A

can add storage capacity to your computer are housed in a separate case and typically connect to your computer using a USB cable

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28
Q

Optical Media

A

CDs DVDs and Blu-ray discs (BDs) use laser technology for storage and playback.

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29
Q

cloud storage

A

Online storage that enables users to upload store and access their files via the Internet; users’ files are maintained by a third-party at a remote database storage facility

30
Q

desktop computer

A

Typical computer system with a separate screen and system unit.

31
Q

all-in-one computer

A

A desktop system unit that houses the computer’s processor

32
Q

mobile device

A

A portable or handheld computing device

33
Q

tablet

A

a small flat computer that is controlled by touching the screen or by using a special pen

34
Q

platform

A

The software or operating system a device uses.

35
Q

form factor

A

The size and shape of a computer or device.

36
Q

laptop

A

A portable computer small enough to use in your lap

37
Q

peripheral device

A

a component such as a monitor or keyboard that connects to the computer through data port

38
Q

keyboard

A

An input device that enters data with letters numbers symbols and special function keys.

39
Q

mouse

A

pointing device used with computers

40
Q

touchpad

A

a small flat rectangular pointing device that is sensitive to pressure and motion

41
Q

trackball

A

a stationary pointing device with a ball on its top or side

42
Q

pointing device

A

Used to point to and select specific objects on the computer screen

43
Q

touchscreen

A

a display that lets you touch areas of the screen to interact with software

44
Q

multitouch screens

A

can respond to multiple fingers touching the screen simultaneously

45
Q

microphone

A

used to enter voice and sound data into a computer

46
Q

cameras

A

input devices because they support you adding pictures or videos to a computer

47
Q

webcams

A

used for videoconferencing, chatting, or online gaming

48
Q

scanner

A

an input device used that converts an existing paper inmate into an electronic file that you can open and work with on your computer

49
Q

game controller

A

an input device you use when playing a video game

50
Q

speakers

A

used to convey audio output

51
Q

printer

A

creates hard copy output on paper, film, and other media

52
Q

projectors

A

display output from a computer on a large surface such as a wall or screen

53
Q

voice synthesizer

A

coverts text to speech

54
Q

device driver

A

a program that controls a device attached to your computer such as a printer, monitor, or video card

55
Q

clock speed

A

measures the speed at which it can execute instructions

56
Q

cycle

A

the smallest unit of time a process can measure

57
Q

bus width

A

determines the speed at which data travels, and is also referred to as the ‘word size’

58
Q

benchmark

A

a test run by a laboratory or other organizations to determine processor speed and other performance factors

59
Q

uninterruptable power supply (UPS)

A

a short-term battery backup that comes on automatically in case of power loss

60
Q

surge suppressor

A

a device that prevents power fluctuations from damaging electronic components

61
Q

restore

A

you are reverting all settings back to their default, or migrating back to the operating system’s previous version

62
Q

video card

A

a circuit board that processes image signals

63
Q

what is the correct way to update a device driver?

A

run the update within the OS or the latest software from the device manufacturer’s website

64
Q

what is the first step to performing hardware maintenance?

A

A. Turn off the computer and remove its power source
B. install anti-virus software (incorrect)
C. Disconnect all the input and output devices
D. Disconnect the UPS and surge suppressor

65
Q

What devices do not need device drivers to be manually installed, and start to function as soon as they are connected to a computer?

A

Plug and play devices

66
Q

Which is the most suitable device to use in a classroom or a conference room to deliver a presentation?

A

Projector

67
Q

Which of these is not an input device?

A

A. Stylus
B. Scanner
C. Printer (correct)
D. Webcam

68
Q

A condition in which the CPU performs well but the bus speed is low

A

Bottlenecking

69
Q

What are the two most important components of CPU that help in processing the input into output?

A

Control unit and arithmetic logic unit

70
Q

Bootstrap process

A
  1. The computer or device receives power from the power supply or battery, and sends it to the circuitry
  2. The processor begins to run the bootstrap program, which is a special built-in startup program
  3. The bootstrap program executes a series of tests to check the components, including the RAM, keyboard, and storage, and identifies connected devices and check their settings
  4. Once the test are completed successfully, the computer or device loads the operating system files into RAM, including the kernel
  5. The computer or device loads the system configuration information, prompts you for user verification if necessary, and loads all startup programs, such as antivirus programs or apps

BCIS 2610 (2 decks)

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