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Cloud Practitioner > Technology > Flashcards

Technology Flashcards

1
Q

AWS Storage Gateway

A

Enables you to build hybrid cloud solutions by giving access to the Amazon S3 and Glacier environments from your on-premises network.
The gateway types are Amazon S3 File Gateway, Amazon FSx File Gateway, Tape Gateway, and Volume Gateway.

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2
Q

Amazon Cloudwatch

A

A service that enables real-time monitoring of AWS resources such as EC2 instances, EBS volumes, load balancing, and RDS instances.
Features anomaly detection and billing alarms

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3
Q

Cloudwatch Logs

A

Enables users to centralize logs from all their systems, applications, and AWS services in a single, highly scalable service

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4
Q

Amazon Cloudtrail

A

Service that enables operational and risk auditing, governance, and compliance of an AWS account.
CloudTrail provides event history of account activity, including actions taken through the AWS Management Console, AWS Command Line Interface, and AWS SDKs and APIs.

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5
Q

AWS Config

A

A fully managed service that provides resource inventory, configuration history, and configuration change notifications to use security and governance

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6
Q

Cloudtrail Lakes

A

Links to external sources of data history

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7
Q

Amazon CloudFront

A

Web service that speeds up distribution of your static and dynamic web content, such as .html, .css, .js, and image files, to your users. CloudFront delivers your content through a worldwide network of data centers called edge locations

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8
Q

Amazon Machine Images (AMIs)

A

Templates of preconfigured EC2 instances to quickly launch new EC2s

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9
Q

Elastic Computing Cloud (EC2)

A

Enables businesses to run applications on the public cloud by providing cloud-hosted virtual machines called “instances”. An EC2 instance is a virtual server that allows users to request and provision a computer server within the AWS cloud.

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10
Q

Micro Instances

A

Low-cost insurance option, providing small amounts of CPU resources
Suited for low throughput applications like low traffic websites and bastion hosts

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11
Q

General Purpose Instances

A

Best for balanced computing, memory, and network resources. Good for small to medium databases, catching fleets, and SAP background servers

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12
Q

Compute-Optimized Instances

A

Highest performing power, good for webservers, distributed analytics, science/engineering applications

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13
Q

GPU Instances

A

Best for 3D grahpics, rendering, and HPC

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14
Q

FGPA Instances

A

Field-programmable data rays, best for genomics and financial computing

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15
Q

Memory-Optimized Instances

A

Lowest cost per GB of RAM, good for databases and Microsoft SharePoint

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16
Q

Storage-Optimized Instances

A

SSD backed storage, low latency / high IO, good for large scale NOSQL

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17
Q

Tenancy

A

Underlying host of EC2 Instance (Physical Server)

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18
Q

Persistent Storage

A

Attaching EBS volumes, data can unattach and reattach to other EC2 servers, and users can implement encryption / backup snapshots

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19
Q

Ephemeral Storage

A

Temporary; EC2 Instances on local storage, physically attached rather than network attached
Data is lost if instance is terminated, but not if it is rebooted

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20
Q

Elastic Container Service (ECS)

A

Lets you run docker-enabled applications across a cluster of EC2 instances

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21
Q

Amazon Fargate

A

Enables ECS to run containers without having to manage provision instances / clusters for containers

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22
Q

Docker

A

Software that automates installation / distribution of apps in living containers

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23
Q

Container

A

Holds everything an app needs to run in a package (library code, tools, ect – not OS)

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24
Q

EC2 Launch

A

Launching an EC2 from an AMI with more customization of instance types and the number of containers per cluister

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25
Q

Fargate Launch

A

Launching an EC2 with more automated setup, only specify CPU / memory

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26
Q

Cluster

A

Collection of dynamically scalable instances, can schedule / deploy containers inside

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27
Q

Elastic Container Registry (ECR)

A

Secure location to store and manage docker images

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28
Q

IAM Policies

A

Controls access to registry and images

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29
Q

Authorization Token

A

Authenticates docker client as an AWS user before accessing the registry, lasts 12 hours

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30
Q

Repository

A

Objects within the registry that group and secure different docker images

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31
Q

Resourced Based Policies

A

IAM permission policies that are attached to a resource, such as Amazon S3 buckets, Amazon SQS queues, VPC endpoints, and AWS Key Management Service encryption keys.3 They grant permissions to the principal that is specified in the policy and specify who or what can invoke an API from a resource to which the policy is attached

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32
Q

Elastic Kubernetes Service (EKS)

A

Runs and scales the Kubernetes control plane across multiple AWS Availability Zones to ensure high availability
Uses worker nodes as on demand instances / includes software for containers

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33
Q

Elastic Beanstalk

A

Takes uploaded code and automatically deploys required resources within AWS (free)

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34
Q

AWS Lambda

A

Serverless compute services that run without ECF management, only pay when in use
Lambda functions invoke when triggered by event sources

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35
Q

Batch Computing

A

Dynamically provisions compute resources and optimizes the workload distribution based on the volume and specific resource requirements of the batch jobs submitted
Good for running tasks in parallel

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36
Q

Batch Jobs

A

Unit of work for batch that operate in states, scheduled in a queue

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37
Q

Job Definitions

A

Defined parameters for jobs to dictate how it will run (how many VCPUs / data volumes)

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38
Q

Amazon Lightsail

A

A virtual private server with less configuration, good for small scales at low cost point

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39
Q

Elastic Load Balancer (ELB)

A

Automatically distributes incoming application traffic across multiple targets, such as EC2 instances, containers, and IP addresses, in one or more Availability Zones (AZs) within an AWS Region

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40
Q

Application Load Balancer

A

Type of ELB with flexible features for HTTPS protocols, operating at the request level in the application layer
Selects a target based on the routing table rule, then uses round-robin distribution to select a node in the web server

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41
Q

Network Load Balancer

A

Type of ELB with high performance, operates at connection level in the network layer

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42
Q

Classic Load Balancer

A

Type of ELB for apps already on EC2, operates at both connection and request level
Uses round-robin load distribution for TCP listeners

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43
Q

Listeners

A

Routes connections in an ELB to a target group, minimum 1 required

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44
Q

Target Group

A

Group of resources ECB routes requests to

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45
Q

Rules

A

Determine which requests go where based on rule definiton

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46
Q

Health Checks

A

Contacts targets to ensure their activity, otherwise marked as unhealthy

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47
Q

Internal ELB

A

Only serves requests within the VPC

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48
Q

Internet-Facing ELB

A

Accessible via internet with a public DNS name, serving incoming requestrs before distributions

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49
Q

Autoscaling

A

Automatically increase / decrease EC2 Resources based on demand, can be grouped

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50
Q

Healthy Threshold

A

Number of instance responses to be considered healthy
Unhealthy threshold is the opposite

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51
Q

AWS Certificate Manager (ACM)

A

Provisions digital IDs for the server, such as SSL certs and X.509

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52
Q

Simple Storage Service (Amazon S3)

A

Object-based storage, where data is stored inside S3 buckets in distinct units called objects instead of files

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53
Q

Life Cycles Rules

A

Determine when to move storage classes to the next stage

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54
Q

S3 Standard

A

S3 storage class great for frequent access, low latency, high throughput

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55
Q

S3 Intelligence Tiering (INT)

A

S3 Storage class that intelligentially moves buckets from S3-F to S3 IA after 30 days

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56
Q

S3 IA

A

S3 Storage Class meant for infrequent access, cheaper and 99.9% available

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57
Q

S3 Z-IA

A

S3 Storage class for infrequent access in only one AZ

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58
Q

S3 Glacier

A

S3 Storage class for cheap, cold storage that doesn’t require instant access

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59
Q

S3 G_DA

A

S3 Storage class for cheapest data sotrage for long term but little access

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60
Q

Expediated Glacier Retrieval

A

Retrieve data from S3 Glacier in 1-5 minutes for under 250 MB

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61
Q

Standard Glacier Retrieval

A

Retrieve data from S3 Glacier in 3-5 hours for any size

62
Q

Bulk Glacier Retrieval

A

Retrieve data from S3 Glacier in 5-12 hours for PBs of data

63
Q

EC2 Instance Storage

A

Temporary storage on an EC2 instance (ephemeral), no additional cost than EC2 fee
High I/O speed, great for rapidly changing data or data that’s replicated

64
Q

Instance Store Volume

A

Temporary storage type on disks attached to host machine

65
Q

Elastic Block Store (EBS)

A

Provides persistent, highly available block storage on EC2 instances
Can elastically resize and change its size when loading a snapshot
Available in only one AZ
Encryption remains on snapshots and AWS manages your keys
Not meant for temp storage, multi-instance access, or highly available data

66
Q

EBS SSD

A

EBS type for smaller blocks or boot volumes

67
Q

EBS HD

A

EBS type for large data

68
Q

EBS gp2

A

EBS type that balances price / performance, recommended for most uses

69
Q

EBS io1

A

EBS type with high performance for business apps and large database loads

70
Q

EBS st1

A

EBS type with low-cost for frequent access

71
Q

EBS sc1

A

EBS type with lowest cost for infrequent access

72
Q

Elastic File Storage (EFS)

A

Encrypted file storage for use with both AWS cloud services and on-premises resources
Accessible in multiple AZs within 1 region
Great for sharing and files that scale to multiple instances

73
Q

EFS Standard Storage Class

A

EFS for frequent access, charged monthly, uses life cycle management to convert to IA

74
Q

EFS IA Class

A

EFS for infrequent access, cheaper but more latency, charged for each read / write

75
Q

EFS General Purpose Performance Mode

A

Standard Throughput, 7k operations per second

76
Q

EFS Max I/O Mode

A

Unlimited throughput and high I/O, more latency

77
Q

EFS Bursting Throughput Mode

A

More Storage and throughput, gain credits to burst by not using data

78
Q

EFS Provisioned Throughput Mode

A

Burst above credit limit for more charges

79
Q

Amazon Snow Family

A

Hardware designed to transfer data from datacenter to cloud or vice-versa

80
Q

AWS Snowcone

A

Light-weight portable machine for 8 TB of storage

81
Q

AWS Snowball

A

Used for larger data transfers, clustered in 5-10 devices and up to 80 TBs

82
Q

Storage Optimized Snowball

A

Snowball Compatible with S3 / EBS

83
Q

Compute Optimized Snowball

A

Snowball ideal for edge computing in disconnected environments

84
Q

Compute with GPU Snowball

A

Snowball for AI, video, and graphics needs

85
Q

AWS Snowmobile

A

Transfers data on a truck for up to 100 PBs

86
Q

OpsHub

A

Software installed to configure / manage data transfer in drag / drop interface

87
Q

Edge Distribution

A

Series of edge locations, with details on how that content will be managed

88
Q

AWS Cloud Formation

A

Enables users to model and manage infrastructure resources in an automated and secure manner, with templates for testing environments
Authored in JSON and YAML

89
Q

AWS Personal Health Dashboard

A

Provides a personalized view of the performance and availability of AWS services, as well as alerts that are automatically triggered by changes in the health of those services. It also provides proactive notifications of scheduled activities, such as any changes to the infrastructure powering your resources

90
Q

Relational (SQL) vs. Nonrelational (NoSQL)

A

SQL is optimized for storage, NoSQL is best for unstructured or semi-structured data

91
Q

Amazon Document DB

A

NoSQL JSON document database that simplifies architecture with built-in security best practices, continuous backups, and native integrations with other AWS services
Designed for less development and scaling, making it easy to operate critical document workloads at virtually any scale without managing infrastructure
Works with MongoDB

92
Q

Amazon Keyspaces

A

Database service that allows users to run their Cassandra workloads on AWS using the same Cassandra application code using a column family

93
Q

Amazon Elasticache Memcached

A

Serves as an in-memory key-value cache or data store for Memcached assets.
This is what you’ll turn to when you need the simplest caching model, or looking to deploy large nodes with multiple cores and threads.

94
Q

Amazon Elasticache Redis

A

Built on open-source Redis to run seamlessly with Redis clients — as a blazingly fast in-memory data store.
Capable of sub-millisecond latency, in a bid to support demanding applications.

95
Q

Amazon Neptune

A

Purpose-built, high-performance graph database engine optimized for storing billions of relationships and querying the graph with milliseconds latency

96
Q

Amazon Quantum Ledger (QLDB)

A

Fully managed ledger database service that provides a transparent, immutable, and cryptographically verifiable transaction log owned by a central trusted authority

97
Q

Amazon OpenSearch

A

Open source, distributed search and analytics suite derived from Elasticsearch

98
Q

Amazon Aurora

A

Fully managed relational database engine that is 5x faster than MySQL and PostgreSQL

99
Q

DynamoDB

A

Serverless, key-value NoSQL database designed to run high-performance applications at any scale, fully managed by AWS

100
Q

AWS Redshift

A

Warehouse tool to store and query large volumes of analytical data, and it can also be used for large-scale data migrations

101
Q

Route 53

A

Highly available and scalable Domain Name System (DNS) service that connects user requests to internet applications running on AWS or on-premises

102
Q

Global Accelerator

A

Specified end[pints for faster access to apps
2 IP addresses improve regional failover / high availability

103
Q

Simple Queue Service (SQS)

A

Helps applications communicate easily over the same network, in a way that is simple and easy to manage and scal

104
Q

Trusted Advisor

A

Continuously analyzes AWS accounts and provides recommendations to help users follow AWS best practices and AWS Well-Architected guidelines
Helps with cost optimization, performance, security, fault tolerance, and service limit

105
Q

Eventbridge

A

Serverless, fully managed, and scalable event bus that enables integrations between AWS services, Software as a Service (SaaS), and your applications

106
Q

Amazon Kinesis Data Streams

A

Managed, scalable, cloud-based service designed to process large-scale data streams from a multitude of services in real-time

107
Q

Amazon Athena

A

Serverless interactive query service that enables users to analyze data stored in Amazon Simple Storage Service (Amazon S3) using standard SQL

108
Q

AWS Glue

A

The service can automatically find an enterprise’s structured or unstructured data when it is stored within data lakes in S3, data warehouses in Amazon Redshift

109
Q

SNS Fanout

A

Push notification messages to multiple endpoints in parallel

110
Q

Amazon MQ

A

Message broker service for Apache ActiveMQ and RabbitMQ that enables software applications and components to communicate using various programming languages, operating systems, and formal messaging protocols

111
Q

Amazon Kinesis Firehose

A

Loads a massive amount of streaming data into your Redshift data warehousing solution in near real time

112
Q

AWS OpsWorks

A

Configuration management and orchestration service that enables you to provision resources such as servers both in the cloud and on-premises using Chef and Puppet.

113
Q

AWS Patch Manager

A

Auto-patch EC2 instances and on-premise servers with security and application updates

114
Q

Systems Manager Parameter Store (SSM)

A

Secured and managed key/value store that allows developers to store parameters, secrets, and configuration information in a structured way

115
Q

AWS Systems Manager Incident Manager

A

Management console to track all your incidents and notify responders of the impact, identify data that can help with troubleshooting, and help you get services back up and running

116
Q

AWS CloudHSM

A

Dedicated Hardware Security Module (HSM) that allows you to generate and manage your encryption keys in the cloud. You are provided with dedicated FIPS 140-2 Level 3 validated HSM device

117
Q

Amazon Macie

A

Amazon Macie uses machine learning and pattern matching techniques to detect and alert on any sensitive data, such as personal identity information (PII), stored in S3

118
Q

Amazon Cognito

A

Sets up identity and access control solutions for your web and mobile applications using standards such as OAuth 2.0, SAML 2.0, and OpenID Connect.
Can create user pools and identity pools.
Allows 3rd party authentication such as google or apple

119
Q

AWS GuardDuty

A

Threat detection service that can analyze and detect malicious activity against your AWS accounts and application workloads. The service can detect the use of exposed credentials, any communication with malicious IP addresses and domains, as well as irregular activities carried out in your AWS account.

120
Q

Amazon Detective

A

Finds the root cause of security issues by extracting time-based events such as logins, network traffic from Amazon VPC Flow Logs, and data ingested from GuardDuty findings

121
Q

AWS Workspaces

A

End user computing service that enables you to deploy virtual Linux and Windows desktops in the cloud

122
Q

AWS Artifact

A

Provides on-demand access to security and compliance reports from AWS and ISVs

123
Q

AWS Cloud9

A

Amazon’s IDE for programming for real-time collaborative function

124
Q

SSL Acceleration

A

During SSL / TLS transactions, relieves overhead computation for a web server, by offloading some to the HSMs in AWS CloudHSM cluster

125
Q

Amazon Rekognition

A

Platform that offers pre-trained and customizable computer vision capabilities to extract information and insights from images and videos

126
Q

AWS CodeBuild

A

Compiles source code, runs unit tests, and produces artifacts that are ready to deploy. CodeBuild eliminates the need to provision, manage, and scale your own build servers

127
Q

AWS CodeCommit

A

Source control service that hosts private Git repositories.

128
Q

AWS CodeDeploy

A

Automates application deployments to Amazon EC2 instances and on-premises instances

129
Q

AWS CodeStar

A

Quickly develop, build, and deploy applications on AWS. AWS CodeStar provides a unified user interface, enabling you to easily manage your software development activities in one place. With AWS CodeStar, you can set up your entire continuous delivery toolchain in minutes

130
Q

Read Replicas

A

Provides enhanced performance and durability for Amazon RDS database (DB) instances. They make it easy to elastically scale out beyond the capacity constraints of a single DB instance for read-heavy database workloads. You can create one or more replicas of a given source DB Instance and serve high-volume application read traffic from multiple copies of your data, thereby increasing aggregate read throughput.

131
Q

Amazon QuickSight

A

Insightful business intelligence reporting with creative graphical displays and interactive dashboards

132
Q

Right-Sizing

A

Cost optimization solution that analyzes data over a period of time to determine and recommend the right EC2 Instance for your workload

133
Q

AWS Direct Connect

A

Shortest path to your AWS resources. While in transit, your network traffic remains on the AWS global network and never touches the public internet. This reduces the chance of hitting bottlenecks or unexpected increases in latency

134
Q

AWS X-Ray

A

Analyze and debug production and distributed applications to identify bottlenecks
End to end view of requests as they travel through an application

135
Q

Disaster Recovery Downtime Order

A

Backup and Restore, Pilot Light, Warm Standby, Multi-Site

136
Q

S3 Transfer Acceleration

A

Quickly upload photos into nearest edge location

137
Q

Amazon EMR

A

Analyzes vast amounts of data using Hadoop clusters

138
Q

AWS Bills

A

Historical costs over the last month if using a granular option

139
Q

AWS Budgets

A

No graphical data, shows the status of user set budgets and forecasts estimated costs

140
Q

AWS Reports

A

Gives an overview of costs and usage

141
Q

Weighted Routing Policy

A

Use to route traffic to multiple resources in proportions that you specify. You can use weighted routing to create records in a private hosted zone.

142
Q

Routing Policy

A

determines how Amazon Route 53 responds to queries

143
Q

Simple Routing Policy

A

Use for a single resource that performs a given function for your domain, for example, a web server that serves content for the example.com website. You can use simple routing to create records in a private hosted zone.

144
Q

Failover Routing Policy

A

Use when you want to configure active-passive failover. You can use failover routing to create records in a private hosted zone.

145
Q

Geolocation Routing Policy

A

Use when you want to route traffic based on the location of your users. You can use geolocation routing to create records in a private hosted zone.

146
Q

Geoproximity Routing Policy

A

Use when you want to route traffic based on the location of your resources and, optionally, shift traffic from resources in one location to resources in another

147
Q

Latency Routing Policy

A

Use when you have resources in multiple AWS Regions and you want to route traffic to the region that provides the best latency. You can use latency routing to create records in a private hosted zone.

148
Q

IP-Based Routing Policy

A

Use when you want to route traffic based on the location of your users, and have the IP addresses that the traffic originates from.

149
Q

Multi-Value Routing Policy

A

Use when you want Route 53 to respond to DNS queries with up to eight healthy records selected at random. You can use multivalue answer routing to create records in a private hosted zone.

150
Q

Relational Database Service (RDS)

A

SQL Database service that is resizable, with automated patches and backups, managed by AWS

151
Q

AWS DataSync

A

Fully managed data transfer service with a built in retry mechanism
Integrated with CloudWatch and can copy data from servers and buckets

Cloud Practitioner (4 decks)

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