Technology Flashcards
What are the EC2 pricing options? (5)
- On-Demand
- Spot
- Reserved Instances
- Dedicated Hosts
- Savings Plans
EC2 pricing options: On-Demand
You pay by the hour or by the second without pre-paying
EC2 pricing options: - Spot:
spare capacity is available
EC2 Savings Plans commit to compute usage measured
per hour for a 1- or 3-year term
EC2 On-Demand is best used for applications that are (3)
- Under development
- Have Unpredictable workloads that CAN’T be interrupted
- Workloads will not run longer than a year
EC2 Spot is best used for applications that have (3)
- No concern for start or stop time of App
- Workloads that Can be interrupted
- The Cheapest EC2 Option
With EC2 Reserved Instances you pay for
1-3 years upfront to get max discount; however you pay regardless of usage
With EC2 Dedicate Host you bring your own server-bound
software license from vendors like Microsoft or Oracle
An ideal use case of the EC2 Savings Plan would be if you wanted to
lower your bill across multiple compute services
What are the 4 types of load balancers?
- Classic Load Balancers
- Application Load Balancers
- Gateway Load Balancers
- Network Load Balancers
A Network Load Balancer makes routing decisions at the
transport layer (TCP/SSL).
A Gateway Load Balancer operates at the
the network layer of the OSI Model
Real-world usage of EC2 instances would be to deploy a
database or a web application
Horizontal scaling vs. vertical scaling
Horizontal scaling: adds or replaces instances whereas Vertical scaling,
upgrades an existing instance
What are the benefits of Auto Scaling
- Improves the availability of your applications by auto-increasing capacity as needed.
- Not to be confused it with load balancing
What do you need in order to connect to an EC2 instance from your local machine?
A key pair is needed to access an EC2 instance from your local machine.
Lamda is a serverless compute service that falls into the
Function As A Service (FAAS) category.
In Lambda you can author an application code called
functions, using many popular languages like node.js, Java, Go, PowerShell, Python, and Ruby.
How does Lamda manage growth over time?
on-demand cloud computing that auto-scales to meet your requirements
What is the time out period on a single Lambda function?
Lambda functions have a 15-minute timeout.
EC2 biggest advantage would have to be that it can
scale up or down based on activity which saves on the operational cost of having more hardware on hand than required.
While there are similarities between EC2 and Lambda the difference between the two is
Lambda is event-driven and EC2 would be used for a more customized solution that goes beyond a single event.
Lambda you are only charged for the number of requests made and
their duration.
Lambda always free The free usage tier includes
1 million free requests each month.
S3 Standard Offers (4) main features
-low latency
- high durability (11 9’s) across multiple Availability Zones
- high availability 99.99%
- high throughput
S3 Standard is great for applications that
need frequent access to data.
What are some real-world use cases for S3 Standard? (3)
- Online gaming
- Big data workloads
- SaaS products
With S3 Standard Security you can set security at the
bucket level or individual object level using Access control lists (ACLs)
You can use S3 access logs to
track the access to your buckets and objects
S3 Intelligent Tiering automatically monitors access patterns for objects and
dynamically moves objects that have not been accessed for 30 days from the frequent to the infrequent access tier.
- When an object is accessed again, it’s moved back to the frequent access timer.
With S3 Intelligent Tiering Users only pay a monitoring and automation fee, there’s no
cost for moving data between the two tiers.
S3 Intelligent Tiering 3 No’s Features
- No lifecycle charges
- No retrieval charges
- No minimum storage duration
S3 Intelligent Tiering is for data that has
unknown or changing access patterns
S3 Standard Infrequent Access has the same high throughput performance as S3 Standard (T/F)?
True
The combination of low cost and high performance make S3 Standard-IA ideal for?
- Long-term storage
- Backups
- Dsaster recovery files
S3 Standard Infrequent Access supports SSL for data in
transit and encryption of data at rest
What is the main difference with S3 One Zone Infrequent Access and all the other tiers of S3?
S3 One Zone-IA stores data in a single AZ and costs 20% less than S3 Standard-IA.
Compared to the other S3 Storage Classes which store data in a minimum of 3 AZs
S3 One Zone Infrequent Access is best used for data that is less frequently utilized but requires (2)
rapid access when needed.
also a good choice for storing secondary backup copies
S3 One Zone-IA is ideal for customers who want a lower-cost option for infrequently accessed data but do not require
the availability and resilience of S3 Standard or S3 Standard Infrequent Access
S3 Glacier Instant Retrieval is ideal for archival data that needs immediate access such a
s medical images, or new media
S3 Glacier Instant Retrieval provides data with the same speed, durability, and availability as S3 Standard but
for a fraction of the price
S3 Glacier Flexible is ideal for backup and disaster recovery use cases when
large sets of data need to be retrieved in minutes, without concern for costs
S3 Glacier Flexible Retrieval Features configurable retrieval times, from
from minutes to hours, with free bulk retrievals
S3 Glacier Deep Archive is Ideal for highly-regulated industries that need to retain data for
7-10 years or longer to meet regulatory compliance requirements.
Exp: Financial Services, Healthcare, and Public Sectors —
S3 Glacier Deep Archive retrieval time is within __ hours which makes it the ____ ____ storage class
-12 hours
Lowest costing
Elastic Block Store (EBS) is a storage device (called volume) that can be
attached to (or removed from) your instance EC2 instances
Elastic Block Store (EBS) is tied to how many AZ’s
one Availability Zone
Elastic Block Store (EBS) can only be attached to
to one EC2 instance in the same AZ
Why is EC2 Instance Store data volatile?
Storage is temporary since data loss occurs when the EC2 instance is stopped
Elastic File System (EFS) is a serverless network file system for sharing files. EFS only supports
Linux file OS.
More expensive than EBS
EFS ideal for Main directories for
business-critical apps
Storage Gateway supports hybrid models. And is ideal for moving __________ to the cloud
backups
CloudFront is a Content delivery network (CDN) that delivers data and applications globally with low latency.
It does this by using
edge locations to cache content
Some security features of CloudFront are (2)
DDoS protection and geo-restriction based on location.
CloudFront is often used with S3 to
deploy content globally.
Global Accelerator sends your users through the AWS global network which provides
a 60% performance boost
That speeds up delivery while lowering latency
VPC peering allows you to
connect 2 VPCs together.
Internet gateway allows public traffic to the internet from the VPC It also performs network address translation (NAT) for
for instances that have been assigned public IPv4 addresses.
- Site-to-Site VPN is similar to Direct Connect, but data travels
over the public internet
S3 Transfer Acceleration improves content uploads and downloads to
S3 buckets.
S3 Transfer Acceleration enables the fast transfer of files
- over long distances
Amazon Relational Database Service (RDS) is a service that makes it easy to
launch and manage relational databases but only works with relational databases.
Amazon Relational Database Service (RDS) supports the
following database engines:
Amazon Aurora, PostgreSQL, MySQL, MariaDB, Oracle Database, and SQL Server.
DynamoDB is a fully managed
NoSQL key-value database.
AWS Aurora is a relational database that only supports
MySQL and PostgreSQL that was created by AWS
AWS Aurora features (3)
- High availability
- Durability
- Scalabilty
ElastiCache allows you to cache your data which enables higher application
scalability and reduces the operational burden.
ElastiCache Use cases (3)
- Chats
- Gaming boards
- Real-time transactions
Neptune is a graph database that supports
highly connected datasets.
Neptune Helps you create social media
graphs
DocumentDB is a Document database that supports
MongoDB
DocumentDB features (3)
- Fully managed
- Serverless
- Non-relational
Snow Cone is the Smallest member of data transport devices with
8 terabytes of usable storage
Snow Cone is built for
edge computing and data storage outside of a data center.
Snowcone can withstand a wide array of
harsh environments
- Snowmobile is the largest member of the transport family and supports
exabyte-scale data.
DataSync transfers data online and can be used to replicate data
cross-Region or cross-account.
Amazon Athena is an interactive ________ ________ that makes it easy to analyze data in Amazon S3 using standard SQL.
query service
Athena is serverless, so there is no infrastructure to manage, and you only pay for
the queries that you run.
Comprehend is a natural-language processing (NLP) service that finds
relationships in text.
Comprehend could help process social media posts by
looking for keywords that show customer support or dissatisfaction
Rekognition can help you identify
Custom labels in images and videos
Cloud9 is an integrated development environment (IDE) that runs
inside a web browser
Cloud9 comes prepackaged with programming languages like;
like JavaScript, Python, PHP, and 37 more
CodeCommit Offers a service similar to
GitHub works with Git repositories.
CodeCommit allows you to do what 3 things to your code
- Commit
- Branch
- Merge code
CodeDeploy allows you to deploy an application to servers
running on-premises and in the cloud.
CodePipeline allows you to implement
a CI/CD pipeline
continuous integration, continuous delivery, and continuous deployment.
Code Build allows you to
build and test your application source code.
With Code Build you can run as many parallel streams of tests as needed, allowing you to
deploy your changes to production more quickly.
Infrastructure as Code (IaC) allows you to write a script that allows you to deploy AWS resources
at the click of a button which saves time of not needing to recreate ever again
CloudFormation creates templates
for resources you want to provision in the future
Elastic Beanstalk automatically handles the deployment details of (3)
- Load balancing
- Auto-scaling
- Application health monitoring
OpsWorks allows you to use Chef or Puppet to automate
the configuration of your servers and deploy code
Simple Queue Service (SQS) is a message queuing service that allows you to
build loosely coupled systems.
Simple Queue Service (SQS) Messages are processed in an
asynchronous manner (FIFO) First In First Out
Simple Queue Service (SQS) features helps to improve
performance and scalability
Simple Notification Service (SNS) works with CloudWatch when an alarm’s metric threshold is breached an
email is sent
Simple Email Service (SES) allows you to send richly formatted
HTML emails from your applications.
Simple Email Service (SES) allows you to send emails in bulk and gain
valuable insights about the effectiveness of your campaign.
CloudWatch is a collection of services that helps you
track metrics, collect & monitor log files, operational health.
and set alarms.
What are some questions you can answer using CloudWatch? (3)
- Who signed in and made changes via the AWS Management Console?
- What is the current load on this EC2 instance?
- What is the root cause of this application error?
AWS CloudTrail is a web service that records activity made on your account and
delivers log files to an Amazon S3 bucket.
With CloudTrail you can troubleshoot events over the past 90 days using the event history log to find the specific
time an event occurred on a per-Region basis
-You can create a custom trail to extend past 90 day
What is the difference with Cloudwatch and Cloudtrail?
CloudWatch is for performance monitoring (CloudTrail is for auditing).
How are savings Plans and Reserved Instances different
Reserved Instances do not require you to commit to a consistent amount of compute usage over the duration of the contract.
Which EC2 instance is best if you have corporate compliance requirements around the tenancy model
EC2 Dedicated Host
-EC2 Dedicated Host is how much less than On-Demand EC2 Prices?
Up to 70% less
EC2 On-Demand is low cost without any
upfront payment
With EC2 Savings Plan You are not making a commitment to a dedicated Host instead you are
committing to compute usage
Lambda then executes your code in response to
a predetermined trigger
S3 is a regional service, but bucket names
must be globally unique.
S3 Standard supports SSL for data in transit and
encryption of data at rest
What AWS service supports the fast transfer speeds of the S3 accelerator over long distances?
CloudFront’s globally distributed edge locations
Which service can you help you identify face and text detection in images and videos
Rekognition
