Technique

Question 1

What three types of problems are caused by maloccluded teeth?

Answer 1

1-Psychosocial
2-Oral function (Speech, chewing etc)
3-Susceptibility to trauma, periodontal disease and tooth decay

Question 2

Patients who are grossly disfigured cope social better or worse than those with a more minor disfigurement?

Answer 2

Better

*learn to expect a response and it is more consistent

Question 3

What are the two types of occlusion?

Answer 3

1-Physiologic occlusion (not ideal class I)
2-Pathologic occlusion (destruction)

Question 4

Orthodontics can sometimes help patients with _____ but cannot be relied on to correct these problems

Answer 4

TMD

Question 5

What are the 4 main groups of TMD problems?

Answer 5

1-Masticatory muscle disorder
2-TM joint disorder
3-Chronic mandibular hypomobility
4-Growth disorders

Question 6

What are three main degenerative joint conditions that contribute to TMD?

Answer 6

1-Arthritic involvement
2-Disk displacement
3-Myofascial pain

Question 7

Splint therapy can identify if what is the possible cause of the TMD?

Answer 7

Malocclusion

Question 8

1 in 3 untreated Class II malocclusion children with experience what to their upper incisors?

Answer 8

Trauma

*lower incisor contact with palate can cause lingual bone loss

Question 9

The scissor effect caused by crowding results in what?

Answer 9

Bone loss and periodontal issues

Question 10

The first stage of permanent tooth eruption begins at age 6, what happens?

Answer 10

mandibular incisors erupt along with mand and max first molars

Question 11

Age 8 is characterized by what?

Answer 11

Maxillary lateral incisors

Question 12

Age 11 is characterized by what?

Answer 12

Mandibular canines, mand 1st premolars and max 1st premolars

Question 13

Age 12 is characterized by what?

Answer 13

Remaning succedaneous teeth erupt (max canine, 2nd premolar and mand premolar) with 2nd molars

Question 14

Age 15 is characterized by what?

Answer 14

Roots of all permanent teeth except 3rd molars are complete

Question 15

Eruption of the tooth until it emerges is called?

Answer 15

Pre-emergent eruption

Question 16

Eruption after the tooth has emerged is called?

Answer 16

Post-emergent eruption

*Juvenile and Adult

Question 17

What two processes are necessary for pre-emergent tooth eruption?

Answer 17

1-Resorption of bone and primary tooth roots

2-Propulsive mechanism to move the tooth into occlusion

Question 18

What eruptive defect is found in patients with cleidocranial dysplasia?

Answer 18

The ability to remove overlying structures

Question 19

What is the rate limiting factor in premergent eruption?

Answer 19

Resorption of overlying bone

Question 20

What condition is usually asymmetrical and in which non-ankylosed teeth become anklyosed when orthodontic forces are applied?

Answer 20

Primary failure of eruption

Question 21

What time frame of the day is the critical period of eruption?

Answer 21

8 PM- 1 AM

*likely related to growth hormone cycles

Question 22

Soft tissue pressures are probably _____ than heavy pressures of occlusion in controlling eruption

Answer 22

More important

*light pressures of long duration are more important

Question 23

Teeth that are in function erupt at a rate ______ to the rate of vertical growth of the mandibular ramus

Answer 23

Parallels

Question 24

The total eruption path of a first permanent molar is about how long?

Answer 24

2.5 cm

Question 25

What are 3 treatment options for ankylosed teeth?

Answer 25

1-Extraction 2-Crowns 3-Surgery

Question 26

When is extraction of an ankylosed primary tooth recommended?

Answer 26

When it is below the height of contour of the adjacent teeth

Question 27

What may result if eruption cannot fully compensate for wear?

Answer 27

Vertical dimension of the face will decrease

Question 28

What is the result if the periodontal ligament is destroyed?

Answer 28

Ankylosis *PDL is normally 0.5 mm

Question 29

What role does fluid play in the PDL?

Answer 29

it acts as a shock absorber and is rapidly expressed when pressure is maintained, allowing the PDL to be compressed against adjacent bone

Question 30

Tongue pressure is ____ than lip pressure on the mandibular incisors and _____ than the lip pressure on the maxillary incisors

Answer 30

Greater, | Less

Question 31

What is the Threshold for orthodontic force?

Answer 31

5-10 grams/square cm

Question 32

What appliance harnesses natural forces of the muscles surround lower teeth to broaden the dental arch?

Answer 32

Lip bumper

Question 33

What phenomena is a result of heavy load quickly displacing the tooth and bending the bone?

Answer 33

Piezoelectric current *seems to stimulate regeneration and repair

Question 34

What happens to piezoelectric currents when the force is released?

Answer 34

The crystal returns to its original shape and the reverse flow of electrons is seen

Question 35

Ions in the fluids that bathe living bone interact with piezoelectic currents causing what?

Answer 35

volts and temperature changes *called streaming potential

Question 36

Compression of the PDL limits blood flow resulting in the release of what?

Answer 36

Prostaglandins and interleukins which result in increased cAMP

Question 37

Too much pressure totally occludes blood vessels resulting in what?

Answer 37

sterile necrosis of PDL *referred to as hyalinized

Question 38

After a few days of hyalinization, osteoclasts in adjacent marrow spaces do what?

Answer 38

Attack underside of the lamina dura. called Undermining resorption

Question 39

Frontal resorption takes place on the compression side of the tooth, what takes place on the tension side?

Answer 39

Bone formation

Question 40

A steady attack on the outer surface of lamina dura resulting in smooth continuous tooth movement is called what?

Answer 40

Frontal resorption

Question 41

A delay until the bone adjacent to the tooth can be removed resulting in jumping to new positions is called?

Answer 41

Undermining resorption *this is the rate limiting step of tooth movement

Question 42

Most dental trauma occurs in what age range?

Answer 42

7-10 yrs old. TO the anterior incisor region

Question 43

What should be done with primary vs permanent avulsed teeth?

Answer 43

Primary- not be replanted | Permanent- require follow up over 2-3 years

Question 44

If the tooth has been out of the mouth less than 1 hour, what should you do?

Answer 44

Replant immediately

Question 45

If the tooth has been out of the mouth for more than an hour what should you do?

Answer 45

- Soak in accepted dental fluoride for 20 minutes, rinse in saline and replant. - Manage the socket and soft tissues

Question 46

What is indicated in most cases of dental trauma to stabilize teeth?

Answer 46

Splinting for 7-10 days *2-8 weeks if bony fractures are present