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Spring-Ortho/Pedo > Spacing Solutions > Flashcards

Spacing Solutions Flashcards

1
Q

What is the ideal amount of force for orthopedic changes with headgear?

A

250-450 g per side

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2
Q

What is the ideal amount of force for tooth movement with head gear?

A

100-200 gm per side

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3
Q

What are the 3 types of pull with headgear on the maxilla?

A

1-Occipital pull (restricts interior and anterior growth)
2-Cervical pull (restricts superior and anterior growth)
3-Combination pull (restricts anterior maxillary growth)

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4
Q

The mid palatal suture becomes increasingly ______ and _____ with age

A

tortuous and interdigitated

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5
Q

What are the three categories of crossbites?

A

1-Dental (teeth erupted into crossbite)
2-Functional (cusps cause shift to achieve max intercuspation)
3-Skeletal (normal dentition)

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6
Q

What are 6 methods of correcting crossbite?

A 
1-Hyrax appliance
2-Haas appliance
3-Hawley removable expander
4-quad-helix
5-w arch
6-Transplantal arch
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7
Q

Midpalatal expanders separate more in the ______ than in the _____ and usually result in ____ to ___ amount of space

A

Anterior

Posterior

5 to 15 mm

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8
Q

Which type of expansion devices produce higher stress in both cortical and spongy bone from forces against the hard palate and alveolar bone?

A

Removable expander

*can also cause crown tipping and higher apical and crystal stresses

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9
Q

The outcome of rapid versus slow expansion looks very different at ___ weeks but similar at __ weeks

A

2

10

*Rapid has more skeletal expansion initially

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10
Q

The mandibular plane angle tends to ____ with growth

A

Decrease

*Due to up rotation anteriorly and down posteriorly. can be around condyle or centered within the body

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11
Q

Moving mandibular incisors forward more than what may cause stability issues?

A

2mm

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12
Q

canines are _____ stable if expanded however expansion across premolars and molars ____ be stable if not overdone

A

not

can

*2mm 1st premolar, 2-3 mm 2nd premolar, 3 mm molars

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13
Q

Though children won’t do it because of the full time wear demands, what method remodels the TMJ joint and restrains mandibular growth?

A

Chin cup appliance

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14
Q

A delaire-type facemark does what?

A

pulls maxilla forward in class III patients like a reverse pull headgear

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15
Q

True growth stimulation results in what?

A

A larger mandible at the end rather that growth acceleration which results in the same size eventually but bigger initially

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16
Q

The frankel, bionator and activator, clark twin block and herbst appliances are all examples of what?

A

Functional orthodontic appliances that changes soft tissues or occlusion

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17
Q

What is the threshold for duration to move a tooth?

A

6 hours

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18
Q

Phase 1 treatment is performed before all primary teeth are lost and last how long?

A

6-12 months

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19
Q

The American Association of Orthodontists recommends every child be evaluated for orthodontics by what age?

A

8

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20
Q

Which permanent teeth tend to have the most crowding as the mandibular arch forms?

A

Mandibular incisors for about 2 years from when they come in

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21
Q

What three sources contribute to additional space to align mandibular incisors?

A

1-Slight increase in arch width between canines
2-Slight labial position of incisors
3-Distal shift of canines

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22
Q

What is the space called that results from the difference in larger primary molars and permanent premolars?

A

Leeway space or E space

*mand 2.5 mm each side. Max 1.5 mm each side

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23
Q

What is the mesial distal diameter of the maxillary and mandibular permanent teeth respectively?

A

Max-128 mm

Mand-126 mm

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24
Q

What age is the “ugly duckling” stage?

A

Around age 9

*flared max incisors may result in impacted canines

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25
Q

A maxillary central diastema of what size or less usually closes on its own?

A

2 mm

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26
Q

Premature loss of primary canines reflects what?

A

Insufficient arch size in the anterior region

*laterals cause canine to resorb

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27
Q

Palatal expansion should be done before what?

A

Adolescent growth Spurt

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28
Q

The most rapid loss of A-P distance in the arch is usually due to what?

A

Loss of the primary second molar

*a space maintainer should be placed

29
Q

You do not need a space maintainer if a permanent successor will erupt within what time frame?

A

Within 6 months

30
Q

Which type of space maintainer has a blade portion that extends 1 mm below the mesial marginal ridge of the erupting permanent tooth to guide its eruption?

A

Distal shoe

31
Q

What are the two types of expansion?

A

1-Dental

2-Skeletal

32
Q

What three things should be considered for dental crowding?

A

1-Esthetics (lip support)
2-Stability (boney support, force equilibrium)
3-Periodontal health

33
Q

an arch length discrepancy less than what is a contraindication for extraction?

A

4 mm

34
Q

An arch length discrepancy between ____ and ____ can be an extraction or non-extraction

A

5 and 9 mm

35
Q

Arch length discrepancies of what or more almost always require extraction?

A

10 mm

36
Q

Bi-maxillary protrusion causes what facial profile?

A

Convex

*all four premolars can be extracted to bring teeth back and allow lips to relax

37
Q

The method of extracting primary teeth and some permanent teeth to guide the remaining teeth into normal occlusion is called what?

A

Serial Extraction

38
Q

What are two claims of detrimental facial alteration of extraction cases?

A

1-Flat lips, sunken/retracted incisors

2-Narrow arch widths with large buccal corridor

39
Q

Orthodontics can be used to create what for implants?

A

Good alveolar bone

*canines into lateral position and then moved

40
Q

Using the central incisor as a reference, what are the normal dimensions of a lateral incisor?

A
  • 2/3 the width
  • 80% of the length
  • 0.5-1 mm lower gingiva
41
Q

Behind third molars, what is the second most commonly impacted or displaced tooth?

A

Maxillary Canines

*0.8-2.45 of US population, More females, 90% unilateral

42
Q

What are 3 surgery types for uncovering impacted maxillary canines?

A

1-Gingevectomy
2-Apically positioned flap
3-Closed eruption technique

43
Q

Where should the oral surgeon bone to the impacted canine so that it can be moved in to place through keratinized tissues?

A

buccal surface or as close to the occlusal tip as possible

44
Q

Ectopic eruption of canines may cause what?

A

Root resorption of lateral incisors

*25% increase in eruption angle increases risk 50%

45
Q

What three analysis help lead to a proper diagnosis?

A

1-Cast (symmetry, space, occlusion)
2-Photographic
3-Cephalometric

46
Q

What are four factors to consider when developing a treatment plan?

A

1-Timing of tx
2-Complexity/duration
3-Predictability
4-Goals of pt and parents

47
Q

What three things are evaluated when analyzing Casts?

A

1-Occlusal relationship
2-Tooth size, shape and morphology
3-Overjet, overbite and open bite

48
Q

Available space is measured from where to where?

A

Mesial of one first molar to the mesial of the other over the buccal cusps and incisal edges

49
Q

How do you determine space using the mixed dentition analysis?

A

1/2 mesiodistal width of the 4 mand incisors plus canine and premolar space

50
Q

What is the width added to each quadrant for mandibular canine and premolars?

A

10.5 mm

51
Q

What is the width added to each quadrant for Maxillary canine and premolars?

A

11 mm

52
Q

Bolton calculated that the mesio-distal dimension of lower teeth must equal what percentage of upper teeth?

A

91%

*M-D dimension of lower anteriors must be 77% of upper anteriors

53
Q

What does the lower third of the face contain?

A
  • Corners of the mouth (1/3 of the way between base of nose and chin)
  • Chin and lower lip (occupy 2/3 of lower third)
54
Q

A proportional face is diveded into how many front planes?

A

5

55
Q

Interpupillary distance should equal what distance?

A

Width of mouth

56
Q

What are three ways that bimaxillary dentoalveolar protrusion is seen?

A

1-Excessive lip separation at rest (greater than 4 mm)
2-Excessive effort to close lips (chin dimpling)
3-Prominence of lips in profile view

57
Q

Chin-Throat angle closer to what is best?

A

90 degrees

58
Q

The nasiolabial angle should be what?

A

Slightly obtuse or perpendicular

59
Q

What percentage of visible tooth width is ideal as you go posterior?

A

62% of tooth mesial to it

60
Q

The width of a tooth should be about what percentage of its height?

A

80%

61
Q

The Zenith or height of contour should be just distal to the midline on which teeth?

A

Central incisor and canine.

*it is at the midline on laterals

62
Q

Hand wrist radiography can help determine physiologic age, specifically what bones are looked at’?

A

Ulnar sesamoid or Hamate bones

63
Q

What three major cephalometric superimpositions are used in orthodontics

A

1-On the anterior cranial base (SN line)
2-On the Maxilla (contour of palate behind incisors)
3-On the mandible (inner surface of and symphysis)

64
Q

SNA greater than 82 shows a?

A

Max prognathism

*less is max retrognathism

65
Q

SNB greater than 80 shows a?

A

mand prog

*less is and retronagnathism

66
Q

ANB is normally what?

A

2 degrees

*class II is greater than 4. Class III is less than 0

67
Q

SNA is the sella nasion line relationship to the deepest point of what?

A

Maxilla

68
Q

SNB is the sella nasion line relationship to the most posterior portion of what point of what?

A

Mand Symphysis

69
Q

ANB is the angle between point A B and what?

A

Nasion

Spring-Ortho/Pedo (4 decks)

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