Technical Pt. 2 Flashcards
What is hypoxia?
Insufficient supply of oxygen to blood cells
Hypoxic hypoxia
Insufficient supply of oxygen to the body as a whole. As altitude increases, oxygen percentage of the atmosphere is constant, but the pressure decreases. Reduced pressure becomes insufficient for the oxygen molecules to pass through the respiratory systems membranes
Hypemic hypoxia
Inability of the blood to carry oxygen molecules. May be a result of insufficient blood, anemia, or CO poisoning
Histotoxic hypoxia
Inability of the body cells to to affectively use oxygen supplied to the blood. Can be caused by use of alcohol or drugs
Stagnant hypoxia
Caused by blood not flowing effectively. Can be cause by heart problems, accelerated g’s, or a constructed blood vessel
What is Lambert Conformal Conic Projection?
A map which makes a round earth appear flat
When would you see straight in mins for the LDA?
30 degrees or less from the center line, and a descent from the MDA to the MAP using normal maneuvers
We find something is broken on the preflight, can we takeoff?
Check MEL, then follow company procedures for inop equipment
What are the lowest ILS minimums with centerline lights and TDZL lights?
200 DH and 1800 RVR
Lose an engine after v1 with 7000’ of runway remaining what do you do?
If it is after v1 then by definition you continue
Engine failure after v1 but before v2 what do you do?
Continue the takeoff
If you’re rolling down the runway and edge lights become yellow, what does that mean?
Caution, yellow lights replace white when you’re in the last 2000’ or half the runway whichever is less
What does it mean when the runway centerline lights start alternating red/white?
Runway centerline lights are white until the last 3,000 feet of runway
White lights begin to alternate with red for the next 2,000’
And for the last 1,000’ of the runway all centerline lights will be red
Can you land if you have MALSR and PAPI insight?
Yes, the PAPI is a visual glide slope indicator and one of the things in 91.175
What does a PAPI look like?
Precision approach path indicators
3 miles during day and up to 20 miles at night
4 horizontal lights normally to left of runway
What is the FAF on a precision approach?
Glide slope intercept at lowest published intercept altitude
How do you calculate VDP if not on chart?
HAT/300
Example. HAT is 600(MDA) and divide by 300 you get 2 miles
Where does the final approach segment begin on an ILS?
FAF - glide slope intercept
What is a stabilized approach?
Normal approach using normal maneuvers on the runway of intended landing
What is an ODP? Do you need clearance for one?
Obstacle departure procedure
Don’t need clearance
Only provides obstacle clearance
What are the difference classes of VOR’s and what are their ranges?
T - Terminal 25nm radius 1,000-12,000’ AGL
L - Low 40nm radius 1,000- 18,000’ AGL
H - High 40nm radius 1,000- 14,500’ AGL
100 nm radius 14,500 - 60,000’ AGL
130nm radius 18,000- 45,000’ AGL
What is the definition and radius of the MSA?
Minimum Sector Altitude
25nm
When does an aircraft provide the most wake turbulence?
Heavy clean slow
What wind conditions can influence wake turbulence the most?
Slight quartering tailwind because it can push vortices down the runway
What are the disadvantages of a swept wing?
Undesirable low speed handling and stall characteristics
What is L/D max?
Greatest lift for least amount of drag
What is Mach tuck?
An aerodynamic effect whereby the nose of an aircraft tends to pitch downward as the air follow around the wing reaches supersonic speeds
What is the advantage of a swept wing aircraft?
Higher critical Mach
What is critical Mach?
Lowest Mach number at which the airflow over some point of the aircraft reaches the speed of sound, but does not exceed it
What is Mach buffet?
It’s a vibration caused by reaching the critical Mach number and it’s caused by the formation of a shockwave over the wings
What is camber?
Asymmetry between the top and bottom surfaces of an airfoil from leading edge to trailing edge
Explain the benefits of dihedral wing design
Allows wings to naturally want to return to level
Explain density altitude
Pressure altitude corrected for non standard temperature
If you inadvertently flew into fog, what would be your perception?
Pitch up
An aircraft that encounters a headwind of 45 knots, within a micro burst, may expect a total shear across the microburst of?
90 knots
What are the different hazardous attitudes?
Anti-authority: don’t tell me Impulsivity: quick do something Invulnerability: it won’t happen to me Macho: I can do it Resignation: what’s the use
What are the lost comms procedures?
Squawk 7600
Route: assigned, vectored, expected, as filed
Altitude fly highest of: minimum altitude for IFR, expected, assigned
Light gun signals
Steady green cleared to land Flashing green return for landing Steady red give way to another aircraft Flashing red airport unsafe Alternating green and red use extreme caution
Max procedure turn speed?
200 knots
Speed limit below 10,000 feet?
250kts
What are speed limits in class B and under class B?
Inside B 250
Under B 200
Speed limits for class B C D
Under airspace 200knots
What class medical do you need?
3rd class when exercising ATP privileges (checkride) and 1st class when carrying passengers
What is RAIM?
Receiver autonomous integrity monitoring
Assess the integrity of GPS
How does VMC change with altitude and weight
Increase in altitude leads to a decrease in engine performance, which decreases VMC
Decreases with weight because more weight makes the plane more difficult to roll
If your plane doesn’t have v2, what speed do you fly?
Vyse blue line
What is the single engine operation speed?
Vyse/v2
What is v2?
The takeoff safety speed is the lowest speed at which the aircraft complies with the handling criteria associated with climb after takeoff following the failure of an engine
What is v1?
Decision speed if going to takeoff or abort
What is the engine failure procedure at v1 for your aircraft?
At v1 accelerate to v2
What is de ice and anti ice
De icing is the procedure of removing frost, snow, or ice from an aircraft using aircraft deicing fluid
Anti icing is a procedure when aircraft anti icing fluid is applied to a surface to prevent icing
Define an MEL
List of equipment submitted by the company and approved by FAA that has all the equipment that can be inoperative before flight
What converts AC current to DC?
Transformer Rectifier Unit
Difference between turbojet and turbo fan engine?
In a turbo jet all the air that goes through the compressor goes through the combustion chamber
In a turbo fan, the first portion of the compressor (the fan) separates the air and only a portion goes through the combustion chambers
Where do jet engines perform best?
High altitudes
Air is cooler and expands more when heated, expansion of the air drives combustion engines
How does a turbine engine work?
The engine sucks air in at the front with a fan
A compressor raises the pressure of the air
The compressor is made with many blades attached to a shaft
The blades spin at high speeds and compress or squeeze the air
The compressed air is then sprayed with fuel and an electric spark lights the mixture. The burning gases expand and blast out through the nozzle at the back of the engine.
Jets of gas shoot backward, aircraft thrusts forward
As the hot air is going to the nozzle, it passes through another group of blades called the turbine. The turbine is attached to the same shaft as the compressor. Spinning the turbine causes the compressor to spin
What is max speed above 10,000 feet?
No more than Mach 1
What is the relationship between the four forces of flight while in a climb?
Lift and weight, thrust and drag are always equal unless there is acceleration or deceleration
A constant rate climb has equal lift and weight
Which type of wind flows downslope getting warmer and dryer?
Katabatic wind
What happens when the plane ahead of you loses glide slope?
Go missed
On Jepp approach plates are obstructions in AGL or MSL?
MSL
What threats are associated with landing with thunderstorm in the area?
Possible wind shear
What is hold over time?
The estimated time that deicing/anti icing fluid will prevent the formation of frost or ice to accumulate on critical surfaces of aircraft
What information do you need to report to ATC when entering a hold?
Position altitude time in Zulu
How does colder temperature affect altitude?
High to low look out below
Flying from warmer to cooler air, your altitude will be less than indicated
What does it mean on IAP when it says “coupled approach NA?”
Autopilot is not authorized to conduct the IAP
When must you disconnect autopilot if coupled approach is NA?
Before the FAF
You are instructed by ATC to fly a STAR, ATC tells you maintain 300kts and descend via the arrival which will take you below 10,000’. Do you maintain 300kts or slow down?
Slow down right before getting to 10,000’
METAR remarks, what is PLE06
Ice pellets ended at 06z
Bottom of NOTAM is bunch of numbers. What do they mean
2106221222-2111012359
June 22 2021 1222z to November 1 2021 2359z
YEAR MONTH DAY TIME
How would you find out about wind shear reports?
PIREPS and T-AIRMET
What does ARP stand for?
Airport reference point
What does a “D” mean on a VOR (jepp approach chart)
DME available
What does (L) mean on a VOR Jepp approach chart?
Low altitude VOR
What side do you deviate around a T storm?
Upwind side
How does dihedral increase longitudinal stability ?
Increasing AOA on the lower wing in a roll upset, causing lower wing to have more lift and raising it back to level
What are 3 types of hydroplaning?
Reverted rubber, dynamic, viscous
If you’re below 10,000 feet and center requests best forward speed can you exceed 250 knots?
Negative
Are clouds in METAR AGL or MSL?
AGL
You are pre flighting an airplane with snow on it in Chicago, what 4 things are you going to pay extra attention to?
Accumulation
What areas
De icing capabilities
Hold over times?
What is coffin corner?
The speed where you risk hitting your critical Mach number and stall speed. Happens at high altitudes
What color are high speed taxiway lights turning off the runway?
Green and yellow
How many NM will hold be above 14,000? What about below?
Leg times are 1.5 minutes above 14,000
Leg times are 1 minute below 14,000
How does a swept wing work?
Delays compressibility of the air flow which allows air to flow faster over the wing
When doing an approach is visibility or ceiling controlling for minimums?
Visibility
You’re at FL350 and experience rapid depressurization. What would you do?
Oxygen masks on, begin emergency descent to 10,000ft, notify ATC, troubleshoot using checklists
