Technical Flashcards

Question 1

Q

Contract Practice:

What are the FIDIC 2017 updates from 99?
for Red, Yellow, Silver

Answer

A

DAAB from day one

Longer, more provisions than previous version

MC to indemnify Employer if MC design is not fit for purpose

Notes:

Increased emphasis on role of Engineer
More emphasis on dispute avoidance, now Cl. 21 Disputes (was previously with claims Cl 20.)

Question 2

Q

Contract Practice:

What’s subrogation?

Answer

A

Right for an insurer to legally pursue a third party…

that caused an insurance loss to the insured

Question 3

Q

Contract Practice:

When should the Contractor provide his Performance Security/Bond to the Employer?

Answer

A

Within 28 days following LOA

Question 4

Q

Contract Practice:

Suggest improvement for OZ contract?

Answer

A

Insert pandemics under force majeure (clear on time and cost entitlement)

greater alignment with standard FIDIC contract (fairness for Contractor, less tender declines) - from impartial perspective

Question 5

Q

Design Economics + Cost Planning:

How did I benchmark the link bridge?

Answer

A

Before my time, pre-contract

Notes:

1 of a kind/ world first (hard to BM)
We have other buildings with concrete link bridges, this is steel

Question 6

Q

Contract Practice:

What are implied terms?

Answer

A

Not specifically stated in contract

but known to exist, or part of law (e.g. Sales of Goods Act 1979)

Note:
Expressed terms - defined in the contract (written)

Question 7

Q

Procurement + Tendering:

Which procurement route is structured so the Client has a direct contract with the trade subcontractors?

Answer

A

Construction management

Note:
The MC taken and advisory role

Question 8

Q

Contract Practice:

What is necessary to form a contract? What makes a contract?*

Answer

A

Offer + Acceptance - Tender, contract amendments (acceptance is the one who signs/accepts)

Consideration - MC will build project for £m

Intention - Creates legal relations

Capacity - Parties must have legal capacity to enter into the contract

Legality - The object of the contract be lawful

Good faith and fair dealings (UAE)

Note:
The ‘Offer’ is often thought the FOT. But the ‘Offer’ should be the LOA, because that is signed/’Accepted’ by the Contractor

Question 9

Q

Procurement + Tendering:

what insurances are solicited for construction projects?

Answer

A

CAR (115% of current replacement value)

Workmen’s Compensation (AED 5m)

Employer’s Liability

Professional Indemnity for 10 years (USD 10m)

Notes:

Motor Vehicle Third Party and Passenger Liability (AED 3.68m)
Public Liability (AED 10m)
Contractor’s Plant and machinery

Question 10

Q

Procurement + Tendering:

What Contract amendments/departures are typically requested by Main Contractors?*
interview

Answer

A

Payment terms (scl. 14) - Retention, LD’s, Advance Payment

Contractual terms - termination for convenience (OZ), insert corona in force majeure

Performance bonds (scl. 4.2) - perhaps security cheque or PCG instead

Completion date (project duration)

Note:
Contract queries on commencement, delay, suspension (scl. 8)

Question 11

Q

Contract Practice:

FIDIC Red 99 - how long to pay Contractor following IPC and Final Payment Certificate?
both the same amount of days

Answer

A

56 days

Note:
Sub-Cl. 14.7 payment

Question 12

Q

Quantification + Costing:

Advise on this type of measure - NRM’s GIA?

Answer

A

GIA is the internal face of external wall

Excludes balconies, stair voids

Notes:

Similar to GIFA
Similar to IPMS 2
Also excludes canopies, fuels room
Refer NRM1 appendix A

Question 13

Q

Quantification + Costing:

What is a Prime Cost Price?
not PC Sum

Answer

A

Material not even know e.g. allow £x per m2

Note:
NRM2 def “Where the exact type of product or component cannot be specified, an estimated price for the product or component shall be given in the description as a prime cost price (PC price). State, for example, ‘Allow the PC price of £x per thousand delivered to site’, ‘Allow the PC price of £y per m2 delivered to site’, or ‘Allow £z each delivered to site’.”

Question 14

Q

Quantification + Costing:

How much is MOS payment our our project?

Answer

A

80% of invoiced value delivered to site

Notes:

Approximately 80% of 80% BQ rate = 64%
Quantified and agreed on-site.
Subbie submits substantiated application through Contractor (includes their MOS) invoice, delivery notes

Question 15

Q

Design Economics + Cost Planning:

Aside from project viability, how can a cost plan help a QS through pre-contract?

Answer

A

Enable us to control design changes, as the design develops

Presents biggest opportunity for QS to add value

benchmark

set target and limit costs for elements

Question 16

Q

Project Financial Control + Reporting:

Main Contractor prelim costs on my project?

Question 17

Q

Construction Tech + Environmental Services:

Pre-stressed concrete - describe pre-tensioned concrete?

Answer

A

Steel is tensioned in a frame or between anchorages external to the member.

Concrete is then cast around it.

After concrete has strengthened, tension is slowly released from the frame or anchorage to transfer the stress to the concrete

Question 18

Q

Design Economics + Cost Planning:

What is element unit quantity (EUQ)?

Answer

A

e.g. area of external walls

without breaking it down further into its specific sub-elements

Question 19

Q

Contract Practice:

What is Misrepresentation?

Answer

A

a false statement of fact or law which induces a party to enter a contract.

Question 20

Q

Procurement + Tendering:

How to manage tender qualifications?

Answer

A

Ensure they are only captured in C/T-PTC

Addressed by relevant party - QS, MC, SuperC

Persist with compliance with tender docs

Question 21

Q

Contract Practice:

What’s a collateral warranty?

Answer

A

Collateral warranties create direct contractual relationships between parties that would not otherwise exist

e.g. Client and Lift Installer

Question 22

Q

Design Economics + Cost Planning:

What does the term price stability refer to?

Answer

A

boundary between inflation and deflation

Question 23

Q

Construction Tech + Environmental Services:

“Continue knowledge through PTC meetings, VE workshops, and CPD”. Example of a VE workshop and CPD session?

SOE

Answer

A

car parking accessories workshop with the samples

Kingspan UK home insulation CPD

Question 24

Q

Quantification + Costing:

There’s an item on drawing but no rate in the BQ, how to assess?*

Answer

A

Reasonable assessments for new works

star rates,
3+ quotes
first principles
benchmarking
apply agreed mark-up

Question 25

Q

Project Financial Control + Reporting:

What’s the 4x types of period payment mechanisms?
e,g, IPC

Answer

A

Stage - agreed time

Milestone - agreed work/element

Against activity schedule

Valuation e.g. interim against BQ

Question 26

Q

Quantification + Costing:

Disadvantage of using BQ’s?

Answer

A

Incorrect quants (contradict spec + dwgs)

Missing work items

Note:
Not popular in UK, as who is liable for above. We control here by saying tenderer to measure and the BQ is indicative only

Question 27

Q

Construction Tech + Environmental Services:

Describe what I know about contiguous piles?

Answer

A

small gap between each, leaks

Capped with a concrete ring beam to join the tops of the piles, for rigidity

Cheapest,

Question 28

Q

Project Financial Control + Reporting:

Are there any costs you would exclude from a cost report?

SOE “I produce the monthly CR”

Answer

A

Employer’s costs

their employees
land costs
post-completion cost/sales/revenue
finance cost

Legal fees

Question 29

Q

Quantification + Costing:

The MOS has been paid for and is the property of the Employer. However, theft has occurred. How is responsible for the loss?

Answer

A

Off-site - party who’s duty it is to protect, likely supplier

On-site - party who’s duty it is to protect, likely Contractor

Question 30

Q

Project Financial Control + Reporting:

Client wants high accuracy of value of works done to date, at expense of low cash flow predictability - what type of period payment mechanism to recommend?

Answer

A

IPC Valuation e.g. interim against BQ

Note:
against activity schedule (reasonable predictability and accuracy of work done)

Question 31

Q

Project Financial Control + Reporting:

What’s a milestone payment?

Answer

A

pre-agreed amount upon completion of work element

Good for small projects, or non-QS e.g. Engineer managed

Question 32

Q

Contract Practice:

What’s a non-material breach of contract?

Answer

A

considered minor;

contract can still be fulfilled, and non-breaching party is still obligated to hold up their end of the deal.

Question 33

Q

Design Economics + Cost Planning:

Cost plan structure - what is meant by Cost breakdown structure (CBS)?

Answer

A

Cost target for each element, say internal finishes

Question 34

Q

Construction Tech + Environmental Services:

What tests would be carried out on structural steel?

Answer

A

Bolt tightening or torque test

Magnetic particle inspection test for welding

Visual test for welding

Note:

Bend testing on shear stud
Radiographic

Question 35

Q

Contract Practice:

What are some of the EOT’s regarding on your project?

Answer

A

Changes
- Link bridge EOT-9

IFC/design release delay
- Technical floor delays EOT-7

New works
- Hotel Forecourt Canopy EOT-14

Procurement
- Tower hotels EOT-12

Question 36

Q

Design Economics + Cost Planning:

OZ metal doors over PS allowance. BS benchmark was okay. Workshop with Contractor identified cause was ANSI specified. This was VE on another Client project. I advised to take saving but Eng overruled as ANSI specified project wide.

Why advise Client on saving at risk of fire integrity?

SOE

Answer

A

Contractor and Client made this change of DHE project

BS is still safe fire rating

Question 37

Q

Contract Practice:

You “generally request tenderer to comply with CoSC.” What are some of your CoSC?*

SOE

Answer

A

Contractual terms - termination for convenience, 12m DLP

Bonds (Performance Security, Advance Payment)

Insurances (PII, Workmen’s comp)

Payment terms

Note:
Payment terms
- 10% Advance Payment - recovered through IPC
- 10% Delay Damages cap. Charged at 0.5% per week
- Mark-ups for 5% Variations and 4% PS
- 10% Retention - released 2.5% on TOC, 2.5% on draft final acct, and 5% on Final Payment Certificate

Question 38

Q

Procurement + Tendering:

With two-stage tendering you get the benefit of Contractor design input, but at the expense of?

(vs single stage)

Answer

A

Cost certainty

Possibly water down design intent by MC for buildability puropose

Question 39

Q

Contract Practice:

What bonds would you recommend for a large building project?

Answer

A

Performance Bond

Advance Payment Bond

Materials Off-Site bond (for many large off-site orders)

Question 40

Q

Design Economics + Cost Planning:

Following the NRM1 DD cost plan, what steps were taken to produce PTE for ID fit-out works on A4?

SOE

Answer

A

Produced master area schedule, and designated team different typologies

Collated all measures, including gross sense checks

Created POMI BQ - priced measured works using relevant benchmarks, reuse DD costs, first principles

Applied fit-out prelims 10% and contingency of 10%

Question 41

Q

Design Economics + Cost Planning:

What is element unit rate (EUR)?

Answer

A

complete subcontractor cost for e.g. facade/m2 (includes frame, glass, etc)

Excludes MC costs - prelims, OH+P

Note
- think NRM L1 and L2 cost

Question 42

Q

Contract Practice:

What’s Time at large?

Answer

A

No completion date,

completed in reasonable time,

no LD’s

Question 43

Q

Contract Practice:

On the 11m EOT, what was awarded to Contractor?

Answer

A

Prolongation (time-related prelims) costs

Note:

11m of time
no head office overheads, no loss of profit

Question 44

Q

Contract Practice:

FIDIC Red 99 - what’s the priority of docs?

SOE “I respond to queries such as..?”

/ What would you include in a Contract Document in a construction project?

Answer

A

Contract Agreement (if any)
Letter of Acceptance
Letter of Tender
The Particular Conditions (Appendix to FOT)
General Conditions (std contract)
Specification
Drawings and
The Schedules and any other documents forming part of the Contract

Note:
Cl. 1.5 priority of documents

Question 45

Q

Project Financial Control + Reporting:

Name some contract types/ financial basis?

Answer

A

Lump sum

target sum

cost reimbursement and

guaranteed maximum price

Notes:
RICS - the way (mechanism) the contractor or subcontractor is paid for the work it undertakes:
- BQ, with or without remeasurement
- schedule of rates
- activity schedule

Question 46

Q

Project Financial Control + Reporting:

What is/ what constitutes a variation?

Answer

A

Increase/ decrease in quantity

Change/ substitution of Spec material

Resolve a discrepancy between contract docs

new works (e.g. hotel entrance canopy)

Notes:
- Change any specified sequence or timing of Work

Question 47

Q

Contract Practice:

What is pay when paid terms?

Answer

A

MC pay subbie in X days of receiving payment

A timing mechanism only

Note:
Generally will not excuse the MC from payment obligation to subbie, regardless of whether MC was paid

Question 48

Q

Project Financial Control + Reporting:

Your UK employer is building a warehouse in France and paying the local contractor in Euros. What else would you need to advise of beforehand, and include when updating monthly cash flow

Answer

A

fx fluctuations

Notes:

If Client has cash reserves this can be mitigated upfront by buying Contract Sum worth of Euros and banking this (fixing fx)
Or more complexly by financial institution hedging against (incur hedging cost)

Question 49

Q

Contract Practice:

1 key difference between project bank account and escrow account?

Answer

A

PBA - account in name of project parties

Escrow - account in name of third-party

Question 50

Q

Quantification + Costing:

What’s a Vesting certificate?

Answer

A

Evidence that Employer owns off-site materials (once paid for)

Protection if contractor becomes insolvent, materials wont be sold to pay debtors, before being delivered to site.

Notes:

defeats third party claims such as retention of title,
e.g. for advance payments on long-lead item such as facade and lifts

Question 51

Q

Contract Practice:

Define fit for purpose?

Answer

A

an obligation to achieve a specified result

Note:
higher duty of care than reasonable skill and care

Question 52

Q

Construction Tech + Environmental Services:

Can you name few functional safety equipment of Swimming Pools, as per DM guidelines for Swimming Pool safety?

Answer

A

Lighting

Depth marking

Ladders, steps

Notes:

slip-resistant tiles
Showers and Foot baths
Toilet and Changing room facilities
Deck

Question 53

Q

Contract Practice:

What does employers liability insurance cover,
and what does public liability insurance cover?

Answer

A

Employers - for injury or disease to employee (in course of their duties)

Public - for accidental injury to non-employees and damage to property

Note:
All liability insurance covers the cost of defending and paying out

Question 54

Q

Project Financial Control + Reporting:

What is included on a change control request/form? (RFC)

Answer

A

Details - dates, transmittal refs, project members

Description/ reason for change

Substantiation (from proposer e.g. MC)

Question 55

Q

Project Financial Control + Reporting:

when you “compile and issue CR to client you capture remeasurable works, EW, VO, PS, claims, IPC, and salient commercial items for director meetings.” Provide an example of a salient item?

SOE

Answer

A

Pending EOT’s that have not been submitted

Note:
e.g. link

Question 56

Q

Construction Tech + Environmental Services:

When taking-off, what units of measurement are used for steel and concrete?

Answer

A

Steel is tonnage

Concrete is m3

Question 57

Q

Contract Practice:

Which FIDIC for small scale project, what form to use?

Answer

A

Green book

Note:
‘Short Form of Contract’

Question 58

Q

Contract Practice:

Benefits of using a Bond and PCG?

Answer

A

Bond expires after Final Payment Cert (post-DLP),
whereas PCG may be liable for 6/12 years

PCG may be liable for 100% MC losses,
whereas bond is typically 10%

PCG no use if whole group goes insolvent,
whereas bondsman could honour

Notes:

MC may not wish to give both as overlap, but PB and PCG provide different, complimentary types of security
PCG not paid for by Client, unlike Bond through tender sum

Question 59

Q

Project Financial Control + Reporting:

What is the release mechanism with regard to the contingency pot?

Answer

A

The contingency is reduced following the close-out of key risks e.g. enabling works once complete

Note:

This is a guess
or balance of remaining allowance should be progressively reduced on an agreed basis. The release of remaining general risk allowance may be made pro-rata to:
% of completion of programme
% completion of cost

Question 60

Q

Project Financial Control + Reporting:

Apart from cost impact, what other factors should be considered in variations?

Answer

A

Time (programme)

LCC considerations

Impact on budget

Question 61

Q

Procurement + Tendering:

What would you take into consideration when looking at TCQ - Time?

Answer

A

is there time to prepare a complete design

When is the site available

Completion date e.g. Expo 2020

Question 62

Q

Contract Practice:

Aside from red book for construction, what are some other colours of FIDIC and what used for?

SOE

Answer

A

Blue 2016 - Dredging, reclamation

Green 1999 - Short Form

Silver 2017 - EPC/ turnkey (lump sum)

Yellow 2017 - D+B (lump sum)

Notes:

Gold 2008 - D+B operate
Pink 2010 - Construction (multilateral development bank)
Red 2017 - Construction (Employer design)
White 2017 - Consultant/ advisory services

Question 63

Q

Contract Practice:

What is privity of contract?

Answer

A

only the parties to the contract can take the benefits or burdens/obligations (not 3rd parties)

Note:
For example, if A promises to B, that A will pay a sum of money to C, as a general rule, C cannot enforce that obligation against A.

Question 64

Q

Quantification + Costing:

What is a payment on account for?

Answer

A

payment for an item of work or materials or goods for which no instruction has been issued by the contact administrator to date, but is anticipated’.

Note:
Payments on account are used by QS for any item in a valuation that cannot be agreed under the contract rules but, that both sides agree that some payment is due.

Answer 64

A

Without quantities,

activity/ works descriptions often produced on smaller/ alteration works (think BGW)

Answer 65

A

Party who refers to adjudication, pays all costs (regardless of decision)

Design to discourage

Answer 66

A

Location

Remediation for brown field sites

Different labour and material costs

The state of the construction economy and general economy - supply and demand

Note:

Tender process
Buildability
Construction type (concrete/ steel frame)
Height, plan, size and shape
Site density

Answer 67

A

1 Comfort letters - simplest form

2 Consent to spend - up to X value

3 Recognition of contract - includes contract documents

Answer 68

A

Functional unit estimating

Note:
e.g. like a stadium is cost/seat, hospital/patients

Answer 69

A

1: Substructure
2: Superstructure
3: Internal finishes
4: Fittings, furnishings and equipment
5: Services

Notes:
0: Facilitating works
... 
6: Prefabricated buildings and building units 
7: Work to existing buildings 
8: External works 
9: Main contractor’s preliminaries 
10: Main contractor’s overheads and profits 
11: Project/design team fees 
12: Other development/project costs 
13: Risks 
14: Inflation

Answer 70

A

“epidemic”. (Scl. 8.4.(d))

Note:
in context of COVID-19 pandemic that the construction industry is faced with, you were unable to confirm what Sub-Clauses Main Contractors are claiming Cost and Time under (i.e., Sub-Clause 8.4 and 19), and also what the key word in Sub-Clause 8.4 is – i.e., 8.4 (d) states the word “epidemic”.

Answer 71

A

Materials - rebar (and metals generally)

Labour

Plant hire

Note:

can go down, normally cost increase however
fluctuations clauses can be used to offset risk, otherwise MC to price into tender
fluctuations insurance for materials such as rebar

Answer 72

A

Check contract procedures for FA including timescales.

1 Contract Sum
\+ add/omits for..
2 Engineers Instructions (VO)
3 Adjustments (PC Sum, Prov Qts, PS)
4 Claims outstanding etc

Negotiated and agreed with QS

Notes:

Goal is to agree a fair valuation with the Contractor and enable the Engineer to issue the Final Payment Certificate
Settling can take years e.g. Burj, involving negotiating all financial aspects of Contract and project delivery
Should be able to withstand stringent financial audit as it is legally binding

Answer 73

A

e.g. Spec misconstrued,

exclusions,

ability to manage and execute project

Answer 74

A

e. g. if a JV on large project, all parties are jointly and severally liable to employer
e. g. Employer can can go after them jointly or individually (for whole works)

Note:

severally = individually
FIDIC Red 99 Scl. 1.14

Answer 75

A

1 accountability
2 auditability
3 complete scope
4 parity
5 reduce claims of corruption; and
6 accurate price

Answer 76

A

Pad

Piles

Strip

Raft

Answer 77

A

eSTOP a party from not keeping to contractual promise

Notes:
Estoppel is a legal mechanism which prevents a party from departing from a promise or representation they have made to another party where to do so would be unfair, unjust or unconscionable. The concept of estoppel embraces notions of fairness and reasonableness that results in reliance upon strict legal rights being otherwise overridden. Estoppel in most cases is a defence, as opposed to a basis of a claim, and is used as a shield not a sword.

Answer 78

A

Client direct costs e.g. OSE and sometimes FFE

Works carried out by Contractor’s in-house labour such as concrete, rebar

Answer 79

A

bill of quantities

schedule

SOW (schedule of work)
priced activity schedule
contract sum analysis
stage or milestone payment schedules.

Answer 80

A

VM

proactive (early right decision)
identify important to Client (e.g. gold hotel room)
workshops
more pre-contract

VE

reactive (when over budget)
more post-contract (can be pre- though)

Note:
- both may cost more, but provide better value (e.g. last longer LCC)

Answer 81

A

contractor ahead of programme (excellent performance)

materials being stock-piled on site before required

front-end loading

cash flow not inaccurate in first place

Notes:

impact of variations
re-sequencing of works, with higher value works carried out earlier
materials off site not taken into account when producing cash flow forecast
contractor purposely accelerating the works to complete earlier (and therefore expending less preliminaries)
potentially overclaiming on IPC’s

Answer 82

A

Yes, all likely costs

Note:
Worst-case values noted only, do not carry through

Answer 83

A

1 Anybody initiate/request change - (Emp, consultant, MC)

2 PM assessed

time impact
sign-off

3 QS estimate
- ARF (change narrative, cost summary, measurements, BQ/ star rates, mark-ups

4 Employer change approval - accept/ reject

5 VO issued to Contractor

6 AVVO - cost agreed between MC and QS

Notes -
Think of x example
- As per Cl. 22 Variations

Answer 84

A

Like OZ from B7 upwards

traditional and easier

Answer 85

A

Informal

Often unwritten

Notes:
Contract is written and legally binding

Answer 86

A

Removing unnecessary construction activity to reduce cost and improve quality.

Note:
Similar, but VM/ VE focus on processes and products

Answer 87

A

Snapshot of cost at current design stage

Note:
e.g. DD, IFC

Answer 88

A

5 Summary of Construction Costs

6 Reconciliation

8 Area Schedule

9 Marked up floor plans

10 Benchmarking Analysis

11 Basis - Assumptions + Exclusions (fluctuations, contingencies)

12 Risks + Opportunities

Notes:
OZ DD cost plan components
1 Front Cover
2 QAQC sheet
3 Contents
4 Executive Summary - Reconciliation to previous Cost Plan e.g. Concept
7 Low Level – Elements - Reconciliation to Stage D
13 Measured Works Section

Answer 89

A

Reinforced concrete frame

with steel link
- connected using transfer members

Answer 90

A

1 Tenderer selection (shortlist)

2 Prequal

3 Compiling tender docs (Vol 1-5)

4 Issue - TQ’s, mid-bids

5 Tender return - open

6 Adjudicate - com and tech review, PTC’s

7 Recommendation - Final negotiation, Tender report

Answer 91

A

Systematic method of comparing against others

Overall process of improvement aimed at providing better value for money

Best in class performance achieved based on a specific aspect

Note:
examples such as
- rate e.g. fit out contractor VO has plaster at AED 100/m2, but your rate from plastering subbie is AED 16/m2
- To estimate the façade cost in cost planning stages, you could use benchmark from the same façade on another building (assuming oyu had the cost data)

Answer 92

A

Benefits and obligation (of a contract) can be transferred by novation agreement

Note:
Whilst benefits of a contract can be transferred by assignment, if parties wish to transfer both benefits and obligations this must be done by a novation agreement.

Answer 93

A

Inherent fire protection

Can build higher

Good thermal and acoustic properties

Note:

Strong under compaction
Less floor-to-floor required (service penetrations through beams)
Cheaper (UAE labour cost)

Answer 94

A

Yes - early MC communication enables time to resolve

No - unfair if MC just misses, and could be an injustice if rightful claim

Answer 95

A

Single stage

Two stage

Negotiated

Answer 96

A

MC submits statement to Eng (Scl. 14.3)

Eng issues IPC <28 days (Scl. 14.6)

Employer pays <28 days from IPC (Scl. 14.7)
/ <56 days from statement

Answer 97

A

Setup a change log

Review/ estimate each set of drawings as issued.

Design team meetings

Cost report (incl. directly informing client)

Answer 98

A

WLC is broader (think Link bridge)

non-constructive (land acquisition, taxes, fees)
income/revenue generation (as advised by others)
plus LCC

LCC (like buying and running a car costs)
- construction, operational, maintenance/replacement, and demolition

Answer 99

A

private finance initiative

a way of financing public sector projects through the private sector.

Note:
PFIs alleviate the government and taxpayers of the immediate burden of coming up with the capital for these projects

Answer 100

A

Unitised towers and stick around podiums

Spec is mm glass, 12mm air gap, 15mm glass

Answer 101

A

Currency fluctuations for overseas investors

Legislation changes

Loose furniture and OS+E

Professional fees (soft costs)

VAT

Answer 102

A

Remeasurable offer

Ground conditions

Payment terms

30day not B2B
LD’s
advance payment %
retention

Time for Completion date

Exclusions within BQ

PII indemnity level coverage required

Note:
VAT

Answer 103

A

drop in productivity due to interruption, reducing the rate of efficiency.

Note

e. g. imagine a linear project (such as a road/ rail project)
- when MC faces obstruction at a particular location, it may be able to continue works at a different location
- so MC would move the resources to new location
- that particular obstruction (most probably) won’t provide an entitlement for an EOT but it certainly will give an entitlement to disruption

Answer 104

A

FIDIC yes time and cost under Cl.19 Force Majeure

OZ does not state (its blank).

Note:
Be aware/careful Contractors are not aggregating other claims

Answer 105

A

Fast programme (OSM + installation)

Lightweight (less substructure cost)

Larger spans (tensile strength)

Note:
- recyclable

Answer 106

A

Performance Certificate (Scl. 11.9)

Note:

Eng issue <28 days of DLP expiry (assuming all is good)
Sometimes/ previously known as DL Certificate

Answer 107

A

Input change management

PS expenditure

have updated the current cash flow costs

Note:
balance change management with PS expenditure to avoid recording cost in both places

Answer 108

A

NRM2

sets out the elements and the rules for measuring (substructure, superstructure)

Answer 109

A

Failure to give possession of site

Termination for convenience (unless OZ contract)

Non‐payment

Answer 110

A

Open tendering - public

Selective tendering - closed

Single contractor selection - for negotiating

Answer 111

A

MC submits application to PM

My assessment within 28 days, PM issues IPC

site visit (BQ accuracy, MOS)
request substantiation if required

Employer pays <28 days from IPC
/ <56 days from statement

Answer 112

A

Strands are jacked-up

Strand is held in place - jack drops down

Note:
Repeat - strand is jacked up, strand is held in place, jack drops down

Answer 113

A

1st stage:

tenderer prices concept dwgs, spec, prelims, SOR, OH+P, and design development
“preferred” MC develops concept design (as part of design team), on PCSA

2nd stage:

negotiated
not obliged to appoint, MC paid for design on PCSA

Note:

Benefit is early MC involvement for their buildability skills
Closed tender, prequalified

Answer 114

A

an agreement for the contractor to design specific parts of the works

Note:
JCT speak

Answer 115

A

Separate account, preferably escrow

Answer 116

A

White (2017)

Answer 117

A

Obsolete SMM

UK use only

Note:

As most SMM’s, to provide precise definitions/rules for measuring
was for valuating, conveyancing, planning, taxation, sales, letting, acquisitions
GEA, GIA, NIA

Answer 118

A

Floor area ratio (FAR) - similar to NIA

usable area
circulatory only

Built-up area (BUA) - similar to GEA

all area
excl. MEP shaft

Answer 119

A

[post TOC. DLP 1yr had started]

Contractor submits draft final statement (includes engineer approved as-built dwgs)

I/we assess and agree variance from Contract to As-built (no PS, etc) - new items not in BQ were priced using framework agreement

Note:
I left project during DLP…
- [DLP ends]
- Contractor submits Final Statement and Discharge
- Engineer issues Final Payment Cert <28d
- Employer pays <56d

Answer 120

A

WLC and maintenance works

Answer 121

A

The interaction between clauses

The interaction with law (common/civil)

Time taken to draft and approve

Notes:
- Contract may become unfair/ too onerous

Answer 122

A

1 Court of First Instance (claim right to go court)

2 Court of Appeal (contest decision of First Instance)

3 Court of Cassation

4 Federal supreme court of Abu Dhabi

Answer 123

A

Increase or decrease in cost of labour or materials due to inflation (e.g. rebar)

The clause would allow e.g. the Contractor to claim the variance (50/50 often pain:gain share with Employer)

Answer 124

A

Bore excavate, bentonite, rebar, concrete.

Later break pile and cap

Note:
replacement (rather than displacement) pile

Answer 125

A

negative effect on Client cash flow

Higher Client risk (although can be bonded)

Note:
Benefits tenderer with
- mobilisation costs, 
- material purchase of long lead items, 
- their cash flow

Answer 126

A

Pre-cast/ driven

Sheet

Answer 127

A

Ability of material to absorb and store heat

Note:

Concrete is good as it is dense
Steel conducts heat too rapidly, in sync with building
Timber absorbs heat slowly, like a sauna

Answer 128

A

auto renewed until occurrence like TOC reached

Note:
Expiry date mentioned auto renews

Answer 129

A

Pre-construction services agreement

enable clients to employ contractors before the main construction contract commences

Notes:

Typically they are part of a two-stage tender process, used in the first stage to procure contractor involvement in the design process
copyright clause allows client to use design with new contractor

Answer 130

A

..for each element (e.g. internal finishes)

Answer 131

A

notify Client immediately of instruction (if they overlooked ARF)

Record in cost report

Answer 132

A

CO2 emission (volume of material, transport, energy consumption),

waste generation

soil contamination

noise and vibration

air quality

Answer 133

A

EOT - as no fault of MC

Answer 134

A

allowing completion dates for different sections of works. Common on large projects that are completed in sections, allowing client to take possession of the completed parts, whilst construction continues on others

Have separate LD’s for separate Sections

Answer 135

A

Not qualified to provide professional guidance

Different Clients incur different VAT levels

Different projects such as schools may have VAT incentives

Answer 136

A

Construction - from tender return –> building e.g. steel rates

Tender - from cost plan estimate –> tender return

Answer 137

A

Memorandum of understanding

Notes:
- Similar to contract but need not contain legally enforceable promises

Answer 138

A

VAT was applicable for when the works were carried out. In this instance, none

Answer 139

A

For D+B

Want the Employer requires (like a Spec/ building functionality)

Answer 140

A

3 layer membrane (tanking)

Answer 141

A

28 days

Note:
Cl. 1.6 contract agreement

Answer 142

A

contractor ahead of programme

impact of variations

materials being stock-piled on site before required

Notes:

front-end loading
re-sequencing of works, with higher value works carried out earlier
materials off site not taken into account when producing cash flow forecast
contractor purposely accelerating the works to complete earlier (and therefore expending less preliminaries)
cash flow not inaccurate in first place

Answer 143

A

SFC

Tried and tested courts (clause overlaps)
Fast (client bespoke lawyer review)
Better response from market as familiar with terms (less tenderer risk)
administering experience

Note:

too onerous
Law implementations

Answer 144

A

Closed

prequalification

tender,

adjudicate/PTC

recommend

Answer 145

A

natural ventilation - windows

mechanical ventilation - AC, radiators

Answer 146

A

‘the amount deserved’ / or ‘what the job is worth’

Where no price included for in the Contract (work done outside of contract scope). e.g.
- works done on an LOI comfort letter or LOI consent to spend

Note:
- Quantum Meruit is where MC seeks payment for value of works where a pre-agreed cost has not been determined.

Answer 147

A

Go high as strong under compaction,

Inherent fire protection

Note:

can drill through for services,
cheap local labour

Answer 148

A

Comprehensive strength

Note:
think cube test

Answer 149

A

Moving material twice

Note:
Material to the wrong place, move it twice - e.g. gypsum used, moved to storage, then required again

Answer 150

A

Abnormal, based on recent historical data

Answer 151

A

Underground services,

adjacent properties (party wall),

water table

Note:
Strata tests (CBR, trial bore hole)

Answer 152

A

seller retains ownership until payment of all monies owed by the buyer

Note:
This type of clause renders it unnecessary, in the event of an insolvent buyer, to reconcile invoices against specific goods to establish what has been paid for, and what has not, and hence what the buyer owns, and what it does not

Answer 153

A

No, can be cost plus, remeasure

Answer 154

A

Facade towers UCW = AED 2-3000/m2 (varies)

Rebar rate = AED 3.33/kg

Reinforced slab, 300mm thick = AED 450/m3

Shuttering m2 @ AED 150/m2

Steel UB 920x420x390 = AED 8,500/t

Answer 155

A

Bored
Contiguous (cheapest, small gap between each, leaks)
Diaphragm wall
Secant (male and female, 1 reinforced, 1 not)

Answer 156

A

new toilet cubicles on latest IFC drawings - EW captured in cost report

Answer 157

A

cast around ducts or sheathing in which the tendons are housed

Carried out after the concrete has cured by means of hydraulic jacks operating from one of both ends

Answer 158

A

under performance,

walk off-site,

to begin arbitration proceedings

Note:

10% on demand (un-conditional)
typically expires <21d after Performance Certificate

Answer 159

A

Occupational death and disability

Loss of wages (cash allowance)

Medical expenses

Note:

protect employer against their liabilities to employees in respect of injuries suffered by them in the course of their employment as per Labour Law/Workmen’s Compensation Ordinance.
In UAE compensation is governed by Chapter 8 of Federal Law No. 1980

Answer 160

A

Currency fluctuations (for overseas investors)

Loose FF+E and OS+E

Professional fees (soft costs)

VAT

Land costs

Revenue generated from asset

Note:

Asbestos and remediation cost
Section 106 (UK)

Answer 161

A

check current estimate against previous cost targets

Note
- cost checks at all design stages

Answer 162

A

Cost uncertainty

Contractor not incentivised to squeeze supplier/subbie on price

Answer 163

A

a bridge with toll gate

Note:
Design, build, finance and operate

Answer 164

A

10yr insurance that covers the event of building partial or full collapse post-completion

And latent structural defects that compromise the building’s safety and/or stability.

Answer 165

A

Extensive glazing, large open spans,

strong under tension,

aesthetics

Notes:
assemble on floor and lift (OSM principle)

Answer 166

A

Costs into trade packages

Note:
- e.g. joinery costs, decoration costs

Answer 167

A

Design control

Answer 168

A

Tensile strength

Answer 169

A

When there is an ambiguity, the prevail clause mentions which document shall take priority.

Answer 170

A

Business - Collateral warranty is between Client and Subcontractor.

Product - warranty is for the Client for the actual product (not subcontractor)

Answer 171

A

Similar characteristic - but alternate supplier/quarry

Answer 172

A

High rate that does not impact/ carry through to tender amount

Rate only items
Low provisional qty
If on remeasure, with low indicative BQ qty

Answer 173

A

if ambiguity about meaning or scope of an exclusion clause/or contract, it works against party who drafted the contract (rather than helps them)

Note:

(of the interpretation of an ambiguous contract) against the party which proposed or drafted the contract or clause
UAE Civil Code Article 266 states “A doubt shall be interpreted in favour of the obligor”

Answer 174

A

Issued after LOA, before Commencement Date

Returned <21d after Performance Certificate

Note:
Refer FIDIC Red 99 diagram

Answer 175

A

Either prepared by MC as part of D+B tender, or by Employers QS for tender comparison

can form basis of payment administration post-award

Note:
Elemental breakdown of contract sum

Answer 176

A

Initial take-off to produce an area schedule.

Shared with team and collated their take-offs

create POMI BQ

Answer 177

A

Force Majeure

War, hostilities
Rebellion, terrorism
Riot, disorder, strike
Radiation, explosions
Natural disasters - earthquake, hurricane

Note:
In FIDIC 87 (Scl. 21.4) this is under exclusions, now 99 is Force Majeure

Answer 178

A

legal liability for Property Damage or Death/Personal Injuries to Third Parties

Note:

arising out of operation of the insured business within the Territorial Scope
typically AED 5-10m indemnity

Answer 179

A

Spreads load over building footprint, larger m2

Concrete slab for good soil bearing capacity

Good for poor load bearing soils/ sands (e.g. a pad fdn needs good strata)

Answer 180

A

secure the payment against default by the supplier

Note:

for materials in high demand e.g. sometimes rebar, can place order to safeguard programme
note the vesting certificate is just that, a certificate proving who owns the material

Answer 181

A

Workmen’s compensation (AED 5m)

employers liability

Contractor’s Plant and machinery

Notes:

PI
Public Liability (AED 10m)
Motor Vehicle Third Party and Passenger Liability (AED 3.68m)

Answer 182

A

Client bespoke

Answer 183

A

Friction, rather than transferring load to end-bearing

Note:
No solid strata in the desert

Answer 184

A

If cannot be fairly valued by measurement,

e.g. fix 1 additional door, out-of-sequence (during DLP)

Answer 185

A

Identify - using benchmarking

Manage - using provisional quantities, or omit and agree as variation post-award

Notes:

identify along the line in side-by-side and also benchmark key rates such as concrete and rebar
MC may load the early works to be paid more up front (danger for Client if MC defaults)
Advise if front-loading and value of works at start of project, may be issue later

Answer 186

A

Never happened

MC and Client both under same Group

Note:
Could explore nomination perhaps

Answer 187

A

Down payment by employer to MC to mobilise and procure long lead items

Note:

x% lump sum of Contract Sum - to mobilise and place orders
A risk for the Employer (but can be bonded to protect)

Answer 188

A

Abandonment

major defective work

Major delay (subject to):

no intention to complete
time being of essence

Answer 189

A

cost planning is Pre-

cost control is whole process (pre- and post-contract)

Notes:

pre (design within budget)
post (build within budget)

Answer 190

A

RICS Tendering Strategies 2014.

FIDIC Procurement Procedures Guide 2011

Note:

RICS E-tendering 2010
JCT Tendering Practice Note 2017

Answer 191

A

Do not open (tender amount should be irrelevant)

Grounds for exclusion in interest of fairness

Advise Client on how they want to proceed - client may overrule/accept tender

Answer 192

A

Box and cellular raft

Internal structural walls (divides basement into cells)
Raft slab foundation

Monolithic
- retaining wall and raft slab foundation (OZ)

Piled
- Columns transferring loads to pile caps

Answer 193

A

Contractors actual costs + mark-up

Answer 194

A

Internal finished surface

comprising 50%+ of surface area

Answer 195

A

A collateral warranty to design team

Note:
Creates a contractual relationship between parties where there would otherwise not have been any

Answer 196

A

to ensure business case for building a public building (UK)

Note:

Gateway review 1-5
Office of Government Commerce (OGC)

Answer 197

A

MC not incentivised to keep costs lean

Answer 198

A

No

Note:

Unless novated his right and obligations to the Employer
Article 891 of Civil code expressly precludes this

Answer 199

A

Construction lawyer

Answer 200

A

Client can instruct Acceleration (will incur cost)

Note:
MC can increase labour count, working hours within legal limits

Answer 201

A

Inform Contractor - MC may be have cash flow to finance for few months

Partial completion/not completing full portion of PS works - e.g. no offices at the top, finish later

MC may be entitled to receive financing charges for days of delay 3% higher than central bank rate - FIDIC Red 99 Scl. 14.8 delayed payment

Note:
Slippery slope

Answer 202

A

covers all risks normally associated with a construction project.

gaps between policies

115% of project value

public liability

Note:

Taken out by the Employer, or jointly - taken out by contractor on OZ
Cover usually for construction period but can be extended to included DLP

Answer 203

A

banning pay-when-paid terms

right to period payment mechanisms such as IPC

Note:
Construction Act 1996

Answer 204

A

Guarantee like a performance bond (10% of Contract Sum)

A surety (sometimes known as bondsman or guarantor), takes responsibility for another party’s performance

Answer 205

A

In early stages (pre-cost plan)

Budget based on major elements

Note:

Uses element unit quantity (EUQ) (area of ext wall)
Used element unit rate (EUR) (complete subbie rate)

Answer 206

A

actual construction cost

Note:

is confirmed at the end of the project
however, the rolling final account in the cost report forecasts the outturn cost

Answer 207

A

Complete

Open

Perimeter trench

Notes:
Complete
- Full excavation with side supports/ whaler beams

Open

Excavate with safe side angle, eliminates need for temp support work
Extra cost of excavation much wider for basement wall, and backfilling

Perimeter trench

Dug wide enough to construct basement walls, requires support
Inside of basement then excavated

Answer 208

A

company/organisational (i.e. contractor or consultant)

construction contract or project

Answer 209

A

both parties can end the contract

Contractual relief when environment radically changes, for fairness (e.g. war breaks out)

Answer 210

A

works cost estimate
MC prelims
MC OH+P
project/design team fees estimate 
other development/project costs estimate.

excludes risk and inflation

Note:

‘The base cost estimate is the total of the building works estimate, main contractor’s preliminaries estimate and main contractor’s overheads and profit estimate, project/design team fee estimate and the other development/project costs estimate. The base cost estimate is to contain no allowances for risk or inflation.’
Base date is the date of Cost Analysis or BM costs

Answer 211

A

No, assess each project individually, and price the project risk register

No, if building copy-paste of existing and cost known then low contingency

Answer 212

A

Actual costs

Prolongation (time-related prelims) costs - includes idle labour/ plant

Disruption

Notes:

Loss of profit/ opportunity
Cost increases during suspension
Finance charges incurred by MC
Contemporaneous records - time sheets, photos, diaries

Answer 213

A

No

Note:
NRM1 group 1 substructure - 8 external works

Answer 214

A

Functional unit rates

Floor Area (GIA) rates

Elemental unit rates (EUR)

measured quant rates (NRM2/ POMI)

Answer 215

A

Wall: floor - cheaper with lower walls

Net: gross floor area (net internal area)

Facade: concrete/ glass/ aluminium

Storey heights

Note:

Wall: floor - (External wall area 40m2, divided by GIA 100m2) = 0.4 W:F
Net: gross - Can determine the project validity, whether income meet Client requirement

Answer 216

A

Can level bumpy floor slabs

Piston driven carbide tipped heads which impact the surface at a rapid rate pulverizing concrete or brittle coatings

Note:
Remove slightly bonded coatings or where coatings are impossible to remove by shot blasting process

Answer 217

A

Imposed on the Contractor by the Client.

Note:

Who is stated in the Contract as being a nominated SC
Depending on contract terms, the Client can take responsibility for performance and be involved with payment issues

Answer 218

A

Performance and financial guarantee (of subsidiary)

Provided by MC’s parent or holding company

Notes:

Expiry date usually applied
Ideal for new subsidiary firms
Investigate the parent company as may be unstable
Same principles as default bonds

Answer 219

A

Reuse high performing subbies (high quality)

fast tender,

for specialist project

Note:

closed
lower soft costs to administer tender

Answer 220

A

e.g. supplier and subcontractor both try to use their contract terms

last shot is the terms of the offer/counter-offer that is accepted

Answer 221

A

Compensation for losses suffered from another parties actions.

Notes:

Regulates conduct of individuals
It deals with civil wrongs

Answer 222

A

International Property Measurement Standard

Note:

the first global IPM standard
IPMS Coalition
free download globally
A standardised and globally applicable method for measuring property.
IPMS for office, for resi, for induatrial, etc

Answer 223

A

Completion in a shorter time frame, or recovery act by MC if in delay

Agreement between Client and MC, likely to be reimbursed on quantum meruit basis

Notes:
Options include
- re-sequencing works
- Change working methods e.g. using a dehumidifier to dry out the works faster
- Increasing incentives – e.g. bonuses
- Increasing the resources employed
- Increasing working time – working longer hours (productivity impact)

Answer 224

A

Entitlement to EOT including prolongation (time-related prelim) costs

Note:
includes relief from LD’s

Answer 225

A

10% held on IPC’s

5% released on TOC
5% released on as-built and draft FA

5% released on DLP (Final Certificate)

Answer 226

A

Monitor design, to stay in budget, as design develops

Estimates in the cost plan reported to Client at completion of key design stage

Note:
Used going forward say from concept to align with the Clients budget

Answer 227

A

High quality control in factory

Less H+S risks

Work off- and on-site for faster programme

Note:

Consider access e.g. lifting pods into position
weather delays and damage

Answer 228

A

specifies the performance requirements

Note:
MC has some things to design e.g. garbage chute, façade secondary steel

Answer 229

A

Rate agreement for unknown quantities

e.g. for frameworks/serial works such the IFG Measured Term Contract,

Note:

Used for obtaining competitive rates (when quantities unknown)
Daywork labour rates

Answer 230

A

The risks retained by the Employer

Answer 231

A

Fit-out

Kitchen equipment

Answer 232

A

2hr fire protection

Note:
link is 3hr

Answer 233

A

1 Dashboard (contract sum, forecasted total, key movements, key issues, summaries, cost loaded programme)

2 Change Management status (Remeasure, Agreed + Anticipated VO, EW)

3 Prov Sums - adjusted as expended

4 Soft Cost

5 All payments (IPC, advance payments)

6 Cash flow

Note:
also Claims (loss and expense values)

Answer 234

A

Open with 2 independent parties

noting inclusion of commercial, technical, soft copies, sign/witness and note the FoT amount, and alternate bids

Note:
Check they were received in required time - tender should be stamped

Answer 235

A

Daily prelims costs for MC and effected Subcontractor
x
anticipated/awarded delay in days (as advised by the PM)

Answer 236

A

An offer and acceptance.

Rights and obligations of each party.

Payment terms.

Notes:

Confirmation of price
Intention to enter into a contract.
Retrospective effect on LOI.
Clear allocation of risks
Specifications and scope of works
Provisions for extension of time.
Procedure for dispute resolution.
Provisions for termination

Answer 237

A

location and jurisdiction

TPI - contractor availability/ labour supply and demand, material escalation

Answer 238

A

Shows net cash position

Inform Client/stakeholders when payments are due

To obtains project financing

Note:
Monitoring income and expenditure can illustrate
- Project is ahead/ behind the programme
- Contractors are experiencing financial difficulty

Answer 239

A

Standard/ general contractual clauses

Such as assignment, force majeure, arbitration clause

Answer 240

A

Contractor relieved of LD liability

Employer - establishes new contract completion date to prevent time ‘at large’

Answer 241

A

Ironmongery more durable (tested on more opening cycles)

Greater core resistance

Answer 242

A

1.2m at bottom, thinner up the tower

Answer 243

A

Reduction as design develops, more info e.g. Spec is detailed

Note:
e.g. in early stages - incomplete design so reasonable assumption based on similar project e.g. medium quality tiles for medium quality bathroom

Answer 244

A

a duty to act with reasonable skill and care

Note:

a lesser obligation than fit for purpose
Supply of Goods and Services Act 1982

Answer 245

A

87, 99, 2017

Answer 246

A

Cost to Contractor

Labour and material

Answer 247

A

Inflation from the TR date to mid-point of construction

Note:
Also known as
- construction inflation
- tender inflation

Answer 248

A

LOA awarded faster Subcontract

Note:
Subcontract to follow 6-8 weeks

Answer 249

A

Stage - agreed time

Milestone - agreed element

Note:
Reasonable predictability and accuracy of work done (against activity schedule)

Answer 250

A

indemnifies against sudden, accidental and unforeseen loss or damage

excluding mechanical/electrical breakdown.

Notes:

small tools
heavy plant
tower cranes

Answer 251

A

Steel will not reach the heights required 300m+

Answer 252

A

Excavation m3

Rebar tonnage

Concrete m3

Cut pile tops nr

Transfer ring beam m

Notes:
Plant in prelims

Answer 253

A

LOA is signed (contains CoC, spec, dwgs)

LOI could be standalone letter (unsigned) - often detailing scope of works to be done

Note:

LOA is binding, and signed
LOI can be both binding and non-binding, and unsigned

Answer 254

A

Traditional

D+B

Management Contracting

Construction Management

Note:

Serial/ Measured Term - typically 3-5 years
Turn key/ EPC
Partnering
PFI/ PPP

Answer 255

A

Contract in place (AP% stated in Appendix)

Performance Bond in place

Adv Payment Bond (if required)

Recovery agreement (either IPC or milestone)

Answer 256

A

We calculate prelims of MC and effected SC’s - based on days advised by PM

Noted in cost report the claim value - value not carried through to forecasted total (outturn cost)

Notes:

First notified in writing to PM
Handled at director level (dispute committee)
PM, Contractor and Client each has own claims teams doing quantum and delay. We also have in-house claims team.

Answer 257

A

Benchmarking - recent in-house from similar projects

Post-contract Final Account better than pre-contract estimate

Answer 258

A

single point of contact (prime contract) for a supply chain to deliver one or more projects

Note:
Think UK prison projects

Answer 259

A

At column bases

For lighter structures, wide spanning such as warehouses

Answer 260

A

Environmental

Assists tender analysis

Collate TQ’s and SC responses

same copy for PM, QS, MC (e.g. tenderer may submit 3 non-identical bids)

Answer 261

A

parties disclaim any prior communications that could otherwise be considered part of the final, executed agreement

Answer 262

A

Profiled steel decking (perm formwork)

in-situ reinforced concrete

Note:

Principally used with steel frames, but can be supported on brick, masonry and concrete
Slabs and beams acting compositely together, steel deck is shear bond with concrete

Answer 263

A

Rules

familiarity, consistency

tender comparison/analysis

Answer 264

A

Civil Engineering Standard Method of Measurement

Answer 265

A

Estimates at CD, DD, SD, DD

Design team meetings

Advise client of cost impacts.

Answer 266

A

‘extension of the duration of something’

Actual time related (of prelims costs) - task related is paid in BQ

Note:
- Caused by EOT (delays such as possession of site, late instructions)

Answer 267

A

yes, if he has reasonable grounds for so doing

e.g. recent litigation
or poor performance on another project

Answer 268

A

MC default, having to pay twice

Strain on cash flow

Answer 269

A

Ready to go, no drafting,

tried and tested with case law, fairness, has provisions

Suitable for a range of project types

Notes:

Doesn’t scare off Contractor’s
Can choose language, jurisdiction
Binding agreement
Details time scales, labour, material and Contract Docs (spec/ drawings)
Suites of - FIDIC, JCT, NEC, PPC2000

Answer 270

A

Helps Contractor cash flow by not withholding the 5% retention

Value likely = 5% retention

Expiry date = end of DLP

Notes:
- If Contractor did not perform obligations of retention, then bond would be called by Employer
- Contractor doesn’t have to chase up retention
Cost of bond typically between 1-10% of bond value, effected by MC reputation

Answer 271

A

To protect Employer from tender withdraw

Note:

value often 2% of tender sum (as per TB matrix in ITT)
Bonds - bondsman to make a payment in the event of non-performance

Answer 272

A

Regularly monitor and manage known cost throughout the project

Rolling final account - to inform Client of forecasted total project cost (incl. budget concern)

Answer 273

A

Cost to Client

Tender Returns

Answer 274

A

Enough to prepare a priced BQ (PTE) on

Robust/frozen structural design

DD Specs, dwgs, door schedules

Note:
Detailed measurement of finishes (for schedules)

Answer 275

A

Not supported at one end

Answer 276

A

Post-tension

Precast

Answer 277

A

Act of God, beyond the control of both parties

Unforeseeable. A right to not perform contractual obligations

Note:

FIDIC awards time and costs. OZ does not mention time and cost
Right to walk away from contract if it is Frustrated

Answer 278

A

Request for proposals (from consultants)

Nature of project,
Programme
Contractual terms

Note:
- May include the brief, selection criteria, PI requirements, budget, management structure

Answer 279

A

Party wall (adjacent sites, hedges)

Existing trees

location of services – gas, telephone, electricity, water, drains

Ground conditions - soil, water

Answer 280

A

Ideally MEP QS to undertake

Order of Cost Estimate stage - if no MEP QS available, use benchmark rates for floor areas

Answer 281

A

Lack of competition may = high price,

not for public project unless an emergency repair project

Answer 282

A

e.g. 28 day period in which to notify of becoming aware, or reasonably expected to become aware, for MC to not be time bared from his right to redress

Answer 283

A

Change narrative

Summary

Costs - BQ rates, star rates, supplier quote

Measure - take-off

Mark-ups

Notes:

Cover
Signed VO attached
QAQC comp check

Answer 284

A

5% held on IPC’s

5% released on TOC
5% released on Final Payment Certificate (post-DLP)

Answer 285

A

Charges may be fixed, time-related, or a combination of both

for the work (independent of duration)

Note:

although temp works, think scaffolding
NRM2 definition

Answer 286

A

Do not have to prove,

but comply with conditions of demand

Notes:

Court tends to regard as equivalent of a promissory note or irrevocable letter of credit
Common in UAE

Answer 287

A

Contractor is happy to engage and execute works on detailed LOA (LOA is binding)

Faster to complete LOA than Subcontract Agreement (however, handled at high management level)

FIDIC priority of documents (Cl. 1.5)
- (a) the Subcontract Agreement “(if any)”

Notes:
LOA includes
- Letter, VE, PTC schedules
- Letter of tender
- CoSC
- Spec
- Dwgs
- BQ
- Any other docs (MOA)

Answer 288

A

Slip form - Continuous movement

Jump form - jumping movement

Notes:
materials used include ply, steel pan, fibreglass moulds, profiled decking. Includes supporting props and accessories

Answer 289

A

Bonds tie up cash/credit limits

bond fees (paid to bondsman/insurance co)

if conditional - required to meet conditions of bond

Note:
If need to call bond, bondsman must have sufficient assets to honour

In event of MC insolvency, Client not always able to call on bond, as not a breach of contract

Answer 290

A

the date 28 days prior to latest date for tender submission

Note:
For my note tender float date (captures law applicable at that time)

Answer 291

A

Decennial Liability

repair or replacement of property which is defective in design, specification, materials or workmanship (PII)

Note:
Under the Civil Code, designers and contractors are jointly liable for any total or partial collapse of a building and for any defect affecting stability or safety of a structure for 10 years

Answer 292

A

From my experience installing

Lighter, workability

Answer 293

A

Organisational info

Past projects delivered

Trade license

Note:

Latest internal management accounts
H+S record

Answer 294

A

Most economically advantageous tender

Note:
Not just lowest price

Answer 295

A

FIDIC Red 2017, unamended

Answer 296

A

Cost certainty

and time

single point responsibility

Note:

overlap design with construction
Not quality according to TC triangle

Answer 297

A

9m deep raft slab

on friction piles (1.5m wide and 40m deep)

Answer 298

A

International benchmarking, measure and costing.

Note:
Particularly useful for aviation industry where projects are few and far between and the costs need to be rebased overseas with ease

Answer 299

A

Increase or decreases in the costs of labour or materials due to inflation

Answer 300

A

Often QS, but designers should design to budget

Answer 301

A

Principles of Measurement International

More trade based than NRM

Widely used in the UAE

Answer 302

A

FIDIC

JCT

NEC4

Note:
PPC2000

Answer 303

A

Circular grind for a flatter surface

Answer 304

A

Use negotiation principles (competitive, principles based)

Discuss with colleagues, then if not Client for resolutions

Consultants Valuation stands for purpose of payment

Contractor can escalate as per the ADR terms stipulated in Contract, if cannot negotiate

Answer 305

A

Mostly intuitive and often straight fits

However, some elements require splits

Answer 306

A

Used in London for adding basement levels

Building above can be constructed

GF slab cast with access hatch, and then excavate B1 and cast slab, repeated

Note:
Piles are used as foundations and act as retaining walls

Answer 307

A

Contract Sum

Programme (inclusive of any EOT)

Period payment mechanism (IPC, milestone, stage, activity)

Contract/ payment terms (retention, advance payment + recovery)

Notes:
- if programme is not cost loaded, then QS to attribute works activity costs to programme (to show when cost will be incurred)

Answer 308

A

Make sure the company has assets, not just a company setup for this project

Answer 309

A

Legally binding agreement (between two parties)

To provide goods and services

Within a specified time

Answer 310

A

Benchmarking side-by-side tender analysis

Answer 311

A

Whole process start to finish (pre and post)

Note:
Same as cost management

Answer 312

A

JCT Management Building contract

Note:
NEC Option F

Answer 313

A

Depends on procurement and contract type.

A4 is Client - as measured Term (remeasurable) contract

FIDIC Silver would be MC all risks

Answer 314

A

PC Sum is an allowance for the material only.

Tenderer to price prelims, supply, installation, OH+P

Note:

no Spec for material - qty and nature known
price agreed on invoices

Answer 315

A

EW e.g. item raised in commercial meeting

Ahead of Contractors ARF (VO)

Likely cost captured in outturn cost, noting worst-case scenario

Answer 316

A

1 Cost planning

2 BQ production (tendering)

3 Maintenance/ WLC

Answer 317

A

JCT Construction management agreement (for CM)

JCT construction management trade contract (for subbies)

Answer 318

A

The project total project cost (in CR) - outturn cost

Includes

contract sum
variation
PS adjustments
EOT costs

Answer 319

A

Must prove a breach of contract and consequential loss

A final guarantee only, not performance related

Note:

Common in UK
unlike on-demand, there needs to a reason

Answer 320

A

Estimate after receiving tender returns,

to advise Employer on required budget

Answer 321

A

Notify of becoming aware of within 28 days

Interim particulars in 28 days,
detailed particulars to follow in e.g. 42 days

Answer 322

A

costs distributed according to programme

front-end loading - package start dates are correct/ sequence of works correct

Period payment mechanism (IPC, milestone, stage, activity)

adjusted for payment terms according to CoC (advance payment/ payment terms/ retention)

Notes:

awarded EOT’s included
against cash flow forecast prepared during pre-contract

Answer 323

A

tenderer familiarity (navigation)

tender return analysis

BM

administering payment

Answer 324

A

recovered through IPC

Diminishing value

Answer 325

A

Augur out soil,

bentonite,

rebar cage

concrete (displaces bentonite)

Note:
this says concrete first? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aAZoTG0EY3U

Answer 326

A

Trial hole boring

CBR (California Bearing Ratios)

Answer 327

A

Required outcome

Assessment of alternatives

Recommendation

Note:
1 Introduction and context
2 Required outcomes and value criteria
3 Alternatives considered
4 Value assessments of alternatives
5 Conclusions and recommendations
Appendices

Answer 328

A

Remeasurable

Client qty risk

Answer 329

A

Contract price excluding

PS
Dayworks allowance (if any)

FIDIC 87

Answer 330

A

genuine offer

in good faith

a form/certificate of a Bona Fide tender/offer

Answer 331

A

more detailed stage descriptions - improved guidance on planning process, procurement and info requirements at each stage

new sustainable project strategy - focus on sustainable outcomes from inception

Answer 332

A

Benefits only (of a contract) can be transferred by assignment

obligations cannot

Note:
if parties wish to transfer both benefits and obligations this must be done by a novation agreement.

Answer 333

A

public private partnership

a cooperative arrangement between two or more public and private sectors, typically of a long-term nature

to complete a project and/or to provide services to the population

Answer 334

A

MC only obliged to pay subbie, if paid by Client

Condition precedent

Answer 335

A

the Final Account represents full and final settlement

Note:
FIDIC Red Sub-Cl. 14.12 discharge

Answer 336

A

Adverse weather

FIDIC is EOT for adverse climatic conditions.
OZ rainfall excluded (must be unforeseeable and Contractor unable to make provision for)

Termination

OZ is for convenience with no valid reason required.
FIDIC requires reasoning such as abandonment, bribery

Force Majeure - Duty to minimise delay

FIDIC is equal responsibility
OZ is Contractor responsibility

Answer 337

A

1 BQ Prelims (demobilisation, mob, time, work) progress
2 BQ Measured work progress
3 Variations
4 Materials on + off site
5 Deductions (Client, PM withholding monies), NCR
6 Payment terms - retention, AP recovery
7 less previously paid

Notes:

as set out in contract
add Prelims, measured works, MOS
ddt Advance payment recovery, retention, ddts, previously paid

Answer 338

A

Reinforced concrete slab.

Transfer floor loads to the support post and pillars.

Answer 339

A

Made from eco-friendly concrete waste

Answer 340

A

MC - Client direct contract with MC (Main Contractor)

CM - CM advisory role. Client direct contract with subbies

Answer 341

A

Towers off-plumb

Link bridge strand jacked 100m into position

Transfer members to connect to towers

Towers pulled plumb

Answer 342

A

Often brief letter - lacks contractual detail

Should only be used whilst terms are being agreed/ LOA being formed.

Often big cause of disputes

Answer 343

A

A security/ legal right held against the asset used as collateral to satisfy a debt

Note:
e.g. if repair works were not paid to the mechanic

Answer 344

A

Early on

Most scope for change

Answer 345

A

Retention - 5% and 10%

PII - USD $10m vs. sometimes proportionate e.g. package AED 5m

Answer 346

A

ARF carpet to stone in resi corridor

or, paint to marble in GR3

Answer 347

A

Pre-contract would of been NRM1 contingency allowance % for

Design development
Construction
Employer change,
Employer other

Post-contract only for EOT prolongation (time-related prelim) costs of effect Subcontractors

Note:
Pricing risk register not part of scope of service

Answer 348

A

Just gave general cost advice.

If option was viable to the Client, then I would approach the Architect

Answer 349

A

As detailed in the Instructions to Tender

Correction is cost increase = FOT
Correction is cost decrease = Adjusted (Emp saving)

I record these in arithmetical schedule and PTC schedule

2 options

Alternative 1 - Standby or withdraw
Alternative 2 - Standby or amend/accept

Notes:
RICS Tendering strategies mentions JCT Tendering practice notes advises this

Answer 350

A

Engineer issue TOC (Scl. 10.1)

Defects notification period (DLP) - incl notify and remedy

Performance Certificate (Scl. 11.9)

Return of Performance Bond (Scl. 4.2)

Answer 351

A

facilitate start of works on site, pending agreement of the contract terms

Notes:

Quicker than LOA
note our MC wont engage on LOI

Answer 352

A

[post DNP/DLP, and post Performance Certificate]

MC submits draft final statement to Eng (Scl. 14.11)
Eng reviews <28 days

Once approved, MC submits Final Statement and Discharge to Eng (Scl. 14.11 + 14.12)
Eng reviews <28 days

Eng issues Final Payment Certificate (Scl. 14.13)
Employer pays <56 days (Scl. 14.7)

Answer 353

A

OSM/ modular

Floor and roof cassettes

3D printing e.g. house in Germany

Answer 354

A

Workshop

Client drivers - TCQ explain pros and cons

After, draft procurement route report

Answer 355

A

No, anticipated carries to total.

WCS there for info only

Answer 356

A

Less cost certainty. (than FPLS)

Omitting PS may lead to MC claim for loss of profit - but for OZ the Contract states Employer can expand PS fully, partially or not at all

Note:
Also the soft cost of administering PS (PM+QS)

Answer 357

A

image, date, location

outline Specification

and elemental cost

Note:

Client facing document
to suit their budget

Answer 358

A

escrow account for ring-fencing project funds

normally held by a solicitor (3rd party)

Notes:

This gives comfort to all parties (MC, SC, suppliers) that the funds are there
a deed, bond or other engagement delivered to a third party
to take effect upon a future condition and not till then, to be delivered to the grantee.

Answer 359

A

For houses, load transferred down perimeter walls

Answer 360

A

e.g. hotel room lighting was neither MEP or hotel fit-out.

Note:
I advised PM of gap and requirement to procure elsewhere, or by variation to MEP

Answer 361

A

All below ground up to DPC

Answer 362

A

Tender analysis

For market consistency and familiarity

Standard method of measure - rules based e.g. bulkheads >500m measured in m2

Answer 363

A

indirectly caused, as a result of another event

e.g. if retail area is delayed/defective, loss of rent from shop

Note:

employer may suffer losses such as remedial costs, wasted costs, loss of profits, loss of business and loss of revenue.
FIDIC allows for overheads, prelims, loss of productivity, interest and finance charges, and claims preparation
FIDIC excludes profit, inflation or exchange rate fluctuations and lost commercial operation.
Broadly, contracts can allow direct losses to be recovered - loss of rent, cost of repairs
Under the common law of negligence, losses that are purely economic (such as loss of profit) are generally not recoverable, but under contract law they may be, depending on the wording of the contract

Answer 364

A

Procurement - obtaining goods or services, including strategy to suit Client risk

Tendering - bidding price to obtain commercial and technical submission for price

Answer 365

A

Employer security against the payment made to Contractor

in case of Contractor default
or if Contractor use money to service obligation on another project

Note:
normally on demand

Answer 366

A

Using agreed rates (from BQ and VO’s)

Engineer would assess as-built drawings.

Remeasure the entire quantities of work undertaken

Note:
admeasurement refers only to the difference between the estimated quantity and the actual quantity

Answer 367

A

When engaged on PCSA (1st stage of 2 stage)

Answer 368

A

1 Use BQ rates

2 For new works

star rates,
3+ quotes
first principles
benchmarking
apply agreed mark-up

Answer 369

A

When item is not in BQ - but of similar character, condition, quantity to a BQ item

Notes:
Used to price work where the unit rates in the contract cannot fairly represent the work done exactly. Usually, contract unit rates that are similar to the work done are used in negotiations to determine the Star Rate

E.g.

6” skirting priced. 7” on drawings. Allow for 1” extra material, labour and plant would stay constant
cable originally in a 1m trench, now changed to 2m trench. Can assess the original contract rate and change to increase labour etc

Answer 370

A

Alternate design option

Note:

for cost comparison
think alternate tender

Answer 371

A

Totally dry environment

Notes:
Requires ventilation, dehumidification, or air conditioning appropriate to intended use. Used in Archives, Landmark buildings, and stores requiring a controlled environment

Answer 372

A

Where a completion date has been missed which may result in liquidated damages being levied

Answer 373

A

Named by the Client to influence the Main Contractor.

MC can reasonably object to any named firm

Answer 374

A

Lump sum, target, remeasure

Risk tolerances of Contractor and Clients

Answer 375

A

Completion (for small project)

elements e.g. completion of foundations, frame (for mid-large project)

Notes:
The more prescriptive the more accurate e.g. completion of 1F columns rebar

Answer 376

A

Developer’s costs, such as

insurances
planning fees,
marketing costs

Note:
-fees in connection with party wall awards,
- decanting and relocation costs,
- contributions associated with planning
permissions (such as Section 106 and Section 278 Agreements in the United Kingdom)

Answer 377

A

NRM2 much longer, way more detail

POMI is more trade based than NRM

Widely used in the UAE

Answer 378

A

facilitating late design variations

No transportation and cranage limitations

Answer 379

A

Employer can protect himself against claim made by employee in court

Typically AED 500k to 1m coverage

Note:
Employer’s liability pays additional compensation over and above the workers compensation benefits upon a court judgment of negligence on the part of the employer

Answer 380

A

Express

Incorporated

Implied

Answer 381

A

No party should be unjustly enriched at the expense of the other.

Fairness

Answer 382

A

Cost analysis (think resi project profiles), adjustment of

elemental cost (e.g. finishes, façade)
key features (procurement route, Contract, scope of works, outline Specification etc)

Note:

Assuming it is the same asset class/building type. Adjust for age and local supply/ demand. Contractor Tier 1 or risky
RICS Cost analysis and benchmarking global 2013

Answer 383

A

MC submits TOC notice to Eng (Scl. 10.1)

Eng issue or reject <28 days

Answer 384

A

80% of invoiced material value (nett direct cost delivered to site)

Note:

Proven by invoice deliveries tickets.
If no tickets, 80% of the material estimate
Needs to be a reasonable delivery rather than overloading

Answer 385

A

the cost part of a claim

Cost under Contractor’s Claim (Scl. 20.1)
Time under EOT (Scl 8.4)

for loss of profit and expenses incurred due to a specific event, of no fault of the contractor

Answer 386

A

Note the MC actual claim value

Note:
Not in scope to manage claims

Answer 387

A

Client can compare their project cost plans from different QS’ - Gleeds, to Aecom, to F+G

Answer 388

A

Provide a revised formal estimate

to track design development changes, flag over-spec

Answer 389

A

EOT - as no fault of MC

Answer 390

A

In UAE 0.5% of Contract Sum, per week

Note:
UK consider
- soft cost prolongation
- loss of e.g. rent, product sales

Answer 391

A

Take employer brief (what do they want included/excluded)

Produce initial cash flow to inform employer of when payment obligations due

Update throughout design, tendering and contract for actual payments vs anticipated, and explain discrepancies

Answer 392

A

When supplier retains ownership of materials until paid

Note:
- also known as a ‘Romalpa’ or a ‘reservation of title’ clause
- defeated with admixture e.g. mix with another product and fixed
defeated with annexation e.g. material fixed to the land

Answer 393

A

Discuss/agree - procedure process with PM, MC, Client

Document this clearly

Note:

Internal value - Update changes in internal value log (values/status’)
Cost report - Captures overall change mgmt cost impact in cost report

Answer 394

A

Verify it’s an Engineers Instructed VO

hours and materials authorised by Eng?

Check rates against agreed Daywork BQ rates

Note:

Can this be administered as VO?
For OZ - reject as likely fixed price lump sum

Answer 395

A

Taking ownership of scrap

e.g. weighing in copper

Answer 396

A

Overall BUA/ is AED 8,100/m2
= (AED 3.95bn / 486,000m2)

Residential/ m2 is AED 2,400/m2
= (AED 107m / 45 floors @ 1000m2 per floor)

Answer 397

A

42 days

Note:
Sub-Cl. 14.7 payment

Answer 398

A

Designed to make market use standard unamended version

Notes:
principles include:
- Appropriate rights duties and obligations;
- unambiguously;
- that do not skew the risk/ reward profile;
- that allow for reasonable time periods;
- utilise the DAAB for binding decisions

Answer 399

A

Re insurance exclusions for

significant events that cause significant damage - fire, explosions, earthquakes, flooding

Answer 400

A

Time limits must be strictly adhered to

E.g. delivering Expo 2020 pavilion in 2022

Answer 401

A

pre-agreed amount upon pre-set time, regardless of progress

Good for small projects, or non-QS e.g. Engineer managed

Answer 402

A

Defined - MC allowed for programme and prelims

Undefined - MC entitled to prelims and EOT if PS causes delay e.g. opening up brownfield ground

Notes:
Included in the Contract for unpriceable works, and works that may not be required, and not sufficiently designed for firm tender price

Valued in similar manner to Variation, MC will prove costs from 3+ subbies and apply agreed mark-up

Answer 403

A

Pain/ gain share from Contract Sum

pain or gain shared between Client and Contractor (on pre-agreed % split)

Answer 404

A

Incomplete design/ design development

Unrealistic cost plan (Client reduced value)

Client changes

Notes:

Procurement route
Variations/poor change control process

Answer 405

A

Vertical fins were spaced every 1.5m. VE proposal spaced every 2m

Answer 406

A

2+ delays from independent causes overlap

Answer 407

A

in BQ12 PS the preamble would read…

“the following PS by specialist nominated”
“the following PS by domestic”

As per POMI general principle (GP) 6.1

Notes:
- Not relevant to OZ as all our domestic

Answer 408

A

An agreement entered into voluntarily by 2 parties

with consideration (often money)

the terms of that agreement are enforceable

Answer 409

A

Ban pay when paid

right to adjudication

right to be paid in interim, periodic or stage payments

Notes:

right to suspend works for non-payment
ensure payments through supply chain are prompt
right to be informed of amounts due being withheld

Answer 410

A

Complete

Note:
Complete - Full excavation with side supports/ whaler beams

Answer 411

A

BQ TA adjustments

Answer 412

A

Ensure design doesn’t exceed budget (or if under budget design quality can improve)

Pre-contract monitoring design and estimating at each formal design stages

Answer 413

A

10% of contract sum

Note:

As with all bonds, paid by bondsman
Fixed value for contract duration
Releases funds to appoint another MC

Answer 414

A

Plain/ordinary

lightweight (blinding)

Reinforced

Pre- and post-stressed

Glass reinforced (GRC)

Green

Answer 415

A

international federation of consulting engineers

Note:
Fédération Internationale Des Ingénieurs-Conseils (in French)

Answer 416

A

demobilisation + mob

time

work (task)

Answer 417

A

fundamental purpose of the contract was not fulfilled –

defeats the purpose of even having a contract!

Note:
more serious than non-material breach

Answer 418

A

I don’t advise

My thoughts are

increase for issues with Covid and supply chain disruption, gov stimulus
decrease for weak market, oversupply of Contractors

Answer 419

A

contract, and performance bond in place

Are required bonds in place

Assess who owns the materials - Client, MC or supplier. (vesting certs/ retention of title clauses)

Adequately protected, labelled stored and insured

Notes:

contract in place
should be provision in contract for MOS

Answer 420

A

Employed directly by MC, on private agreement

Note:
Like OZ

Answer 421

A

monitor and measure expenditures (cost)

against budgets (value) on construction projects.

Note:

also known as cost/value comparison (CVC)
Project’s profit and loss statement,
Tool typically used by contractors to measure profitability and are reported to the management team, usually around the time of interim valuation of the works completed to date, and again at completion of the final account.

Answer 422

A

Replacing GR3 wall paint with adjacent marble

Note:

Omit paint using subcontract rate
Add stone using subcontract rate
Add 5% MCOH+P

Answer 423

A

claims

Statutory fees

Notes:

insurance premiums
Opening up and testing

Answer 424

A

Early stages

Costs from completed projects (e.g. aecom resi project profiles)

Make adjustments elementally (e.g. increase for more expensive façade. Storey heights)

Note:
cost modelling for different design solutions,

Answer 425

A

Stretcher - most common, half brick thick wall

English - alternate courses of header and stretchers, one brick thick wall

Answer 426

A

No

Note:

Not listed in Priority of Contract Docs
The completion date is

Answer 427

A

Technical:

technical understanding on works
Relevant experience (Subcontractor’s specialism)
Existing relations/ Past performance
Resource availability, management skills
H+S record

Answer 428

A

If you don’t do this action, by this date, you lose entitlement

Note:
Provision which stipulates that MC or SC must comply with certain specified procedures if he is to avail himself of other contractual provisions

Answer 429

A

Follow NRM1 approach - elementally

Cost Analysis

adjust substructure against similar height
adjust façade against similar façade
adjust fit-out for resi areas
adjust hotel for hotel areas

Answer 430

A

% allowance based on Cost Analysis from other projects

Can adjust for lay down areas, speciality of works

Answer 431

A

0 Strategic definition.
1 Preparation and briefing.
2 Concept design.
3 Spatial coordination.
4 Technical design.
5 Manufacturing and construction.
6 Handover.
7 Use.

Answer 432

A

Depends on clients definition of “value” - should be established during VM

add value to client to spend additional money on their entrance lobby eg. attract more customers.

Answer 433

A

Contingencies

EW

Insurances, Guarantees and bonds

Claims

Answer 434

A

Narrative,

Cost impact summary

Rate used

Substantiation

Mark-ups

Note:

we review commercial
PM review time

Answer 435

A

Site conditions

Adverse weather

Re-sequencing of works (perhaps due to procurement of sub-contractor)

Materials being stored off site (and not claimed for)

Project progressing slower than anticipated

Materials not being delivered on time

Cash flow not being accurate in the first place

Answer 436

A

Regular cost reporting - incl. management of PS

Change control procedure

Answer 437

A

You don’t, or you qualify..

For ours, we allow AED 20m as site is city centre, JIT deliveries (agreed with Client based on benchmarks)

This average is regularly checked against previous IPC’s for accuracy, and it is accurate

Answer 438

A

Protocols;

Content + format of the cost report
Timing and frequency of report issuance
Interface with other parties (e.g. client financial team / client point of contact)
Distribution list
Method of presentation of the report

Where to you find them;

RICS guidance note - only as a guideline
protocols discussed and agreed with client on project by project basis

Answer 439

A

Overall construction budget

Risk allocated amounts (contingencies)

VE provisions

Answer 440

A

A - General Requirements
B - Site Works
C - Concrete Work
D - Masonry
E - Metalwork
F - Woodwork
G - Thermal and Moisture protection
H - Doors and Windows
J - Finishes
K - Accessories
L - Equipment
M - Furnishings
N - Special Construction
P - Conveying Systems
Q - Mechanical Engineering Installations
R - Electrical Engineering Installations

Answer 441

A

procurement route

Contract conditions

payment types e.g. milestones, activity schedule
LS or remeasure

available information - dwgs and specs

the market norms/ familiarity

project type - civil or construction

Answer 442

A

Study drawings
list outstanding information
Discuss BQ structure and level of detail required
Provide completion date
Delegate measurement tasks
Manage TQ’s
Compose Preambles
QAQC (bulk checks, spot checks and reviews)
Provide required format (hard copies / soft copies)
Archive measurement back ups for future use

Answer 443

A

Refer to POMI - Section A General Requirements

CoC
Spec
Facilities
Temp works

Answer 444

A

clarifications/ deviations from SMM

give a robust definition to the measurement principles and components of the rates in a BQ

Answer 445

A

Refer to BQ preambles, but generally

Supply and delivery to site

All labour cost

Wastage

OH+P (SC + MC as applicable)

If not clearly separate in General Req’s or separately

Testing and Commissioning
Inspection (Specialist third part if required) / certificates

Answer 446

A

As per ITT

Traditionally, error is corrected
Employer benefits for cost saving (Tenderer issue if cost increase)

Answer 447

A

refer to Contract clauses for Claims.

Review if notices served
Establish entitlement
Assess if the required contemporary documents are provides with appropriate calculations.
Review the calculations and substantiation with other members of the Project team
Produces a determination
administer the change to the Contract

Answer 448

A

Water absorption

Note:
Porcelain tile - water absorption rate of 0.5% or lower
Ceramic tile - more absorption

Answer 449

A

Substitute the material element only

Based on supplier quotes

(assuming all things equal)

Answer 450

A

General Principles e.g.

GP3 tonnage in 2dp
GP6 what is to be included in a BQ rate

Measurement rules for each section, such as J Finishes, bulkheads exceeding 500mm measured in m2

Answer 451

A

To ensure the design is buildable, using Contractor’s buildability expertise

Answer 452

A

Restricted
Open
Competitive negotiation
Competitive dialogue

Note:

Official Journal of the European Union
public procurement procedures

Answer 453

A

Pro

leaner rates as tenderer derisked
likely to lower cost of work
actual quants lower than Contractor indicative BQ

Cons

cost certainty as anticipated cost will change (up or down)
relies on thorough bill to ensure all works are captured (LS can put onerous on tenderer to check spec and dwgs fully to offer their FPLS)

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