Tech and IR Flashcards
Tech can be instrumentalist - what does that mean?
Philosophical approach hick regards an activity as an instrument or tool
Theory of co-production?
Dynamic interaction between technology and society (technology experts co-generate new knowledge and tech)
What is civic-epistemologies?
Ways in which the public expects the states expertise and knowledge to be tested and put into decision making
Theory of emergent fields?
new technology opens up new ways in which these can be regulated
Ways in which tech is regulated?
1) Non-first use agreements
2) Arms limitation agreement
3) Deterrence
4) Disarmament
5) Non-proliferation
6) Humanitarian
4 future trends of tech?
1) Defence
2) AI
3) Social Media
4) Big Data
Problems of defence?
New tech have the scope to disrupt the balance of power (Off Realist) from a current perspective this therefore acts as a status quo enhancer
Problems of AI?
Growing reliance on AI may cause problems of losing control
Problems with Big Data?
Forms violent domination or polarisation of positions (Cambridge Analytica and the True campaign)
Definition of Bio-Tech
“any technological application that uses biological systems … to modify products or processes for specific use” UN
Innovation dilemma and Bio-Tech
1) Issues surrounding weaponising
2) scientific ethics - altering human genes (playing god and where to draw the line)
What is the ElectRX system?
2014 - computer chips are designed to modulate the nervous system to help with everything from arthritis to PTSD
What is Asymmetric warfare?
efforts by weaker participants in military confrontation to frustrate the advantages of the stronger power by guerrilla tactics or other unconventional methods
US strategy for Space policy (3)?
1) reduce the risk of it
2) protection of advantages
3) protection of the right to use space capabilities in peace, crises or conflict
5 US Space approaches?
1) Promote responsible, peaceful and safe use of space
2) Provide improved US space capability
3) Partner with responsible nations, international organisations, and commercial firms
4) Prevent and deter aggressions against space infrastructure that supports U.S. national security
5) Prepare to defeat attacks and to operate in a degraded environment
4 EU Space Security policies?
1) Security forms an integral part of the European policy
2) need to be protected in the security of space
3) most space tech can serve multi-functions
4) can contribute to the development of an innovative and competitive European Defence Technological and Industrial Base
What does Toom Ilves say about the Cyber?
Biggest problem is that of deterrence
What is the Cyber ‘pearl harbour’?
Russia and China - have embedded cyber capabilities which allow them to take down parts of a nations grid = 10 million intrusions a day
What is deterrence?
Schelling - “to prevent from action by fear of consequences”
Pilisuk’s explanation for why we should disarm?
1) War is hell - 250 major wars have occurred post WW2
2) Expensive - multi billion dollar industry which could be used to tackle inequalities instead of fuel the means by which it gets worse
Why is arms control desirable?
1) a world that is still propped up by conflict BUT the resolution prohibits the possible use of lethal weapons
2) transparency and openness for early detection of violations
