Teas prep SCIENCE Flashcards
Arteries vs. Veins
Arteries: deliver blood from the heart to other parts of the body. Have thick walls.
Veins: carry blood to the heart. Thinner muscle layer and larger lumen.
Diastole vs.Systole
Diastole: heart refills with blood
Systole: heart expels blood.
Pulmonary Loop
carries deoxygenated blood from right ventricle to the lungs and returns oxygenated blood to left atrium.
Systemic loop
carries oxygenated blood from the left ventricle to the body, returning deoxygenated blood to right atrium.
Blood Plasma
Contains nutrients, hormones, antibodies and other immune proteins.
RBC
Contain hemoglobin and transport O2 from lungs to rest of the body.
Prostate
Gland that controls the release of urine and secretes a part of semen that enhances the motility and fertility of sperm.
Vas deferens
Duct in which sperm moves from a testicle to the urethra.
Graafian follicle
in the ovary; matures and releases an egg that then travels down the fallopian tubes to the uterus.
Fallopian Tubes
Fertilization occurs here. Tubes carry eggs from the ovaries to the uterus.
Uterine Wall
AKA: endometrium. fertilized egg embeds itself here and produces placenta to allow fetus and parent blood supply network.
Kidney function
Filtering blood, creating urine, stabilizing water balance, maintaining blood pressure, and producing active form of vitamin D.
Nephron
Function unit of the kidney. Filtering and excretion.
Glomerulus
Located in the renal cortex, filters blood to form a dilute plasma-like filtrate, which is then concentrated in the proximal and distal convoluted loops of renal medulla
Renal Medulla
Innermost part of kidney.
Salt and water are resorbed to make urine, which is released to collecting duct.
Urine
Waste product containing urea, water salts and excess metabolites
Renin
Produced by kidneys. Enzyme that regulates arterial blood pressure by retaining or removing water and salt.
Autonomic Nervous system
Part of peripheral nervous system that regulates unconscious body functions such as breathing and heart rate.
Sensory Nerves
(afferent) send messages to the central nervous system
Motor Nerves
(efferent) send messages to the muscles.
actin vs mysosin
both have long strands of proteins. Myofibrils made up of sarcomere units.
Actin: thin filaments,
Myosin: thick filaments.
Adrenal
gland above kidney that produces hormones to regulate heart rate, blood pressure, etc.
Pineal
small gland near the center of brain; secretes melatonin
Pituitary
at the base of the brain; controls growth and development.
Thyroid
gland in neck; secretes hormones that regulate growth, development and metabolic rate.
Hypothalamus
small region in the middle of the brain; regulating body temperature, releasing hormones.
Mouth
entry to alimentary canal;
Enzymes: salivary amylase, salivary lipase
Stomach
major portion of digestion
Enzymes: Gastric lipase, pepsin(ogen), HCL
Hormones: Gastrin, ghrelin
Liver
produces bile, regulates glycogen storage.
Enzyme: bile(gall bladder)
Pancreas
gland of digestive and endocrine system that produce insulin and secrete pancreatic juices.
Enzyme: Pancreatic juice( bicarbonate, lipase, trypsin, protease, amylase)
Hormones: secretin, somatostatin, insulin, glucagon.
Small Intestine
includes duodenum, jejunum, ileum. Digestion and absorption occur.
Enzyme: brush border(protease, lactase, disaccharides)
Hormones: Cholecystokinin, somatostatin, secretin, motilin,
Large Intestine
;colon. where vitamins(vit K) and water are absorbed before feces is stored prior to elimination.
Haversian Canal
Channels in bone that contain blood vessels and nerves
Osteoblasts
Cells that MAKE bone.
Mononucleate
Osteoclasts
Cells that REMOVE bone.
multinecleate
Long bones
compact, hollow shafts containing marrow. Ends are usually made up of spongy bone with air pockets. Ex: humerus, ulna radium, femur, tibia, fibula.
Short Bones
wider than they are long. toes(metatarsals), collarbone(clavicle).
Flat bones
are not hollow but contain marrow.
Scapula, ribs and sternum
Irregular bones
have non-symmetrical shapes.
skull, knee and elbow.
Synovial Joints
knees hinge, pivot, ball-and-socket.
