TEAS Biology

Question 1

Eukaryotic cell is found in what

Answer 1

plants, animals, fungi, and protists
contain nucleolus, nucleus, ER, golgi, mitochondria

Question 2

cell membrane

Answer 2

double layer of phospholipids, various proteins, cholesterol, and carbohydrate chains
selectively permeable

Question 3

Cytoplasm contains

Answer 3

mostly water, with other dissolved ions and particles.

Question 4

lysosome

Answer 4

contain enzymes that break down cell parts that are no longer needed. It is also responsible for apoptosis, or programmed cell death.

Question 5

mitochondria

Answer 5

small, bean-shaped structures with a double membrane and their own DNA.

Question 6

rough ER

Answer 6

has ribosomes attached to its surface. after protein is synthesized, the ER will form a vesicle around it and work in tandem with the golgi to transport the newly made protein

Question 6

nucleolus

Answer 6

the place where the cell’s ribosomes are made. It has a nuclear membrane with nuclear pores that allow the passage of materials in and out.

Question 7

smooth ER

Answer 7

does not have ribosomes attached to its surface. It is important in synthesizing lipids and detoxifying various substances.

Question 8

vaculole

Answer 8

storage compartment for food, water, waste, or other materials. Plants have a large central vacuole that stores water. This serves as a water source for the cell and also provides the plant cell with support.

Question 9

phases of cell division

Answer 9

prophase
metaphase
anaphase
telophase

Question 10

prophase

Answer 10

nuclear membrane dissolves and spindle fibers, which help organize the chromosomes, begin to appear from the centrioles.

Question 11

metaphase

Answer 11

chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell
the spindle fibers attach to the center of each replicated chromosome.

Question 12

anaphase

Answer 12

The spindle fibers shorten
pulling the replicated chromosomes apart

Question 13

Telophase

Answer 13

chromosomes are at opposite ends of the cell and a new nuclear membrane begins to form around each set.

Question 14

Meiosis phases explained

Answer 14

meiosis division occurs twice
1. prophase I–telophase I, and involves the separation of the homologous chromosomes
2. prophase II–telophase II, and involves the separation of the replicated chromosomes

4 different gametes result
n=2

Question 15

co dominance

Answer 15

expression of both alleles so that both traits are shown. Cows, for example, can have hair colors of red, white, or red and white (not pink).

Question 16

incomplete dominance

Answer 16

when both the dominant and recessive genes are expressed, resulting in a phenotype that is a mixture of the two. The fact that snapdragons can be red, white, or pink is a good example

Question 17

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polygenic inheritance

Answer 17

It refers to traits that are influenced by more than one gene and takes into account environmental influences on development.

Question 18

multiple alleles

Answer 18

Each gene is made up of only two alleles, but in some cases, there are more than two possibilities for what those two alleles might be. For example, in blood typing, there are three alleles (A, B, O), but each person has only two of them

Question 19

polymorphic gene

Answer 19

A gene that can result in two or more possible forms or expressions is known as a polymorphic gene

Question 20

dihybrid cross ratio when the traits are NOT linked

Answer 20

9:3:3:1 ratio

a dihybrid cross fleshes out all of the possibilties of parents too

Question 21

dihybrid cross when incomplete dominance ratio

Answer 21

1:2:1

dom: mixed: recessive

Question 22

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monosaccharides composition

Answer 22

CH2O
one carbon for every water molecule

Question 23

lipids composition

Answer 23

CH bonds
only carbon and hydrogen

Question 24

fats composition

Answer 24

Fats (which are triglycerides) are made of long chains of fatty acids (three fatty acids bound to a glycerol)

Question 25

fatty acid composition

Answer 25

Fatty acids are chains with reduced carbon at one end and a carboxylic acid group at the other

Question 26

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Phospholipids composition

Answer 26

lipids that have a phosphate group rather than a fatty acid

Question 27

Glycerides composition

Answer 27

Glycerides are another type of lipid. Examples of glycerides are fat and oil. Glycerides are formed from fatty acids and glycerol (a type of alcohol).

Question 28

fungi

Answer 28

Fungi were originally classified as plants, but they do not produce their own food through photosynthesis and must, like animals, get the food from another source. Fungi vary widely, from one-celled microorganisms to multi-celled chains that are miles long

Question 28

viruses composition

Answer 28

Viruses consist of nucleic acid, single or double-strand DNA and/or RNA (the genome), encapsulated in a protein coating called a capsid. Some have a lipid envelope about the capsid with glycoprotein spikes.

Question 29

fungi two main classifications

Answer 29

molds and yeast

Question 30

fungi example infections

Answer 30

histoplasmosis, blastomycosis, coccidiooidomycosis
pneumocystitis jrovenci

Question 30

protists

Answer 30

Protists are small, eukaryotic, single-celled organisms. Although protists are small, they are much larger than prokaryotic bacteria. Protists have three general forms, which include plantlike protists, animal-like protists, and fungus-like protists

Question 31

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Plantlike protists

Answer 31

algae that contain chlorophyll and perform photosynthesis

Question 32

animal like protists

Answer 32

protozoa with no cell walls that typically lack chlorophyll and are grouped by their method of locomotion.

Question 33

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Fungus-like protists

Answer 33

do not have chitin in their cell walls, are generally grouped as either slime molds or water molds.

Question 34

how do protists get energy

and examples

Answer 34

autotrophic or heterotrophic.

Autotrophic protists include many species of algae.

Heterotrophic protists include parasitic, commensalistic, and mutualistic protozoa. Slime molds are heterotrophic fungus-like protists, which consume microorganisms.

Question 35

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how do protists reproduce

Answer 35

Some protists reproduce sexually, but most reproduce asexually by binary fission. Some reproduce asexually by spores. Some reproduce by alternation of generations and require two hosts in their life cycle.

Question 36

ectoparasites

Answer 36

live on the outside of a host, include such “bugs” as lice, fleas, ticks, mites, and scabies

Question 37

helminth

Answer 37

parasitic worms in humans

Question 38

phase contrast microscope

Answer 38

Phase contrast microscopes that do not require staining of the specimen are used to assess cell growth, especially for organisms that are transparent with standard light microscope.

Question 38

light microscope

Answer 38

MC microscope that is either monocular or binocular.
uses external light or light from an internal filament that allows the light to pass upward through the specimen so that the specimen appears dark against the lighter background, although the light may be inverted, illuminating from the top, for such things as a culture in a liquid medium.

Question 39

nucleosides

Answer 39

smaller sugar nitrogenous units

These can be digested by cells since the sugar is divided from the nitrogenous base. This, in turn, leads to the formation of the five types of nitrogenous bases, sugars, and the preliminary substances involved in the synthesis of new RNA and DNA

Question 40

dark field microscope

Answer 40

dark field microscope uses a special dark-field condenser that makes the specimen appear light against a dark background, useful for observing spirochetes.

Question 41

fluorescent microscope

Answer 41

The fluorescent microscope utilizes an ultraviolet light for illumination. This microscope is used when fluorescent dye is attached to a specimen because the dye glows when exposed to ultraviolet light, useful for fluorescent antibody testing.

Question 42

4 phases of bacterial growth

Answer 42

• Lag phase: Microorganisms become accustomed to their new environment. There is little to no growth during this phase.
• Log phase: Bacteria logarithmic, or exponential, growth begins; the rate of multiplication is the most rapid and constant.
• Stationary phase: The rate of multiplication slows down due to lack of nutrients and build- up of toxins. At the same time, bacteria are constantly dying so the numbers actually remain constant.
• Death phase: Cell numbers decrease as growth stops and existing cells die off.

Question 42

protein composition

Answer 42

Amino acids are formed by the partial hydrolysis of protein, which forms an amide bond. This partial hydrolysis involves an amine group and a carboxylic acid. In the carbon chain of amino acids, there is a carboxylic acid group (–COOH), an amine group (–NH2), a central carbon atom between them with an attached hydrogen, and an attached “R” group (side chain), which is different for different amino acids. It is the “R” group that determines the properties of the protein.

Question 43

unique nitrogenous bases in DNA vs RNA

Answer 43

Uracil is found only in RNA and thymine in found only in DNA.

Question 44

hydrolysis vs condensation

Answer 44

A condensation reaction results in a loss of water when two molecules are joined together. A hydrolysis reaction is the opposite of a condensation reaction. During hydrolysis, water is added. –H is added to one of the smaller molecules and –OH is added to another molecule being formed.

Question 45

how many codons vs amino acids

Answer 45

There are 64 codons but 20 amino acids.

Question 48

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