TEAS Biology Flashcards
Eukaryotic cell is found in what
plants, animals, fungi, and protists
contain nucleolus, nucleus, ER, golgi, mitochondria
cell membrane
double layer of phospholipids, various proteins, cholesterol, and carbohydrate chains
selectively permeable
Cytoplasm contains
mostly water, with other dissolved ions and particles.
lysosome
contain enzymes that break down cell parts that are no longer needed. It is also responsible for apoptosis, or programmed cell death.
mitochondria
small, bean-shaped structures with a double membrane and their own DNA.
rough ER
has ribosomes attached to its surface. after protein is synthesized, the ER will form a vesicle around it and work in tandem with the golgi to transport the newly made protein
nucleolus
the place where the cell’s ribosomes are made. It has a nuclear membrane with nuclear pores that allow the passage of materials in and out.
smooth ER
does not have ribosomes attached to its surface. It is important in synthesizing lipids and detoxifying various substances.
vaculole
storage compartment for food, water, waste, or other materials. Plants have a large central vacuole that stores water. This serves as a water source for the cell and also provides the plant cell with support.
phases of cell division
prophase
metaphase
anaphase
telophase
prophase
nuclear membrane dissolves and spindle fibers, which help organize the chromosomes, begin to appear from the centrioles.
metaphase
chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell
the spindle fibers attach to the center of each replicated chromosome.
anaphase
The spindle fibers shorten
pulling the replicated chromosomes apart
Telophase
chromosomes are at opposite ends of the cell and a new nuclear membrane begins to form around each set.
Meiosis phases explained
meiosis division occurs twice
1. prophase I–telophase I, and involves the separation of the homologous chromosomes
2. prophase II–telophase II, and involves the separation of the replicated chromosomes
4 different gametes result
n=2
