teas - bio Flashcards
anabolic
reaction is a reaction that uses energy to build molecules the organism need
catabolic
reaction breaks down complex molecules into smaller molecules to create energy for the organism to use.
Oxidation
is when an element loses one or more electrons to oxygen
Reduction
is when an element gains one or more electrons.
Cellular respiration
is the process in which a cell takes in oxygen and uses it to break down glucose to create energy in the form of ATP.
electron transport chain
oxygen accepts electrons and picks up protons to form water
Epithelial tissue
functions as the lining and covering of body surfaces and cavitie
Muscle tissue
functions in facilitating voluntary and involuntary movements
Connective tissue
responsible for the support and protection of tissues and organs
Nerve tissue
responsible for transmitting nerve impulses.
White blood cells contain a larger number of _______because they need to dispose of harmful intruders
lysosomes
Mitochondria
organelles responsible for generating energy-rich molecules for the cell.
Golgi apparatus
collects small molecules and combines them to make more complex molecules
Ribosomes
esponsible for protein synthesis. mRNA is translated into proteins by the ribosomes
Peroxisomes
break down fatty acids to be used for forming membranes and as fuel for respiration.
Ribosomes
sites for protein synthesis.
Lysosomes - garbage eaters
organelles that contain digestive enzymes. They digest excess or worn out cell parts, food, and engulfed viruses or bacteria.
Osteoblasts
specialized cells that secrete the protein collagen and other substances necessary for bone formation
Ribosomes
organelles responsible for protein synthesis, predominant in protein-secreting cells such as osteoblasts.
Protein synthesis
two main steps, transcription of DNA to mRNA and translation of mRNA codons to amino acids
ATP production
function of the mitochondria while intracellular digestion is performed by lysosomes.
law of segregation
each pair of
alleles segregate randomly during gametogenesis
law of dominance
the offspring will
always display the dominant trait in the phenotype
by suppressing the recessive trait.
law of independent assortment
traits inherited by the offspring are independent
of each other.
A lipid or fat molecule can be broken down
into fatty acids and __________.
Glycerol
Enzymes are biological catalysts that
___________.
Increase the rate of any given reaction
What is the relationship between the genetic code and the protein structure?
Proteins are encoded by genetic codes stored in DNA.
4 macromolecules
Nucleic acids:
Carbohydrates
lipid
protein
the 4 macromolecules and their functions structures
Nucleic acids: Stores and transfers info.
Carbohydrates; Store energy, provide fuel, and build structure in body, main source of energy, . Lipid: Insulator and stores fat and energy.
Protein: Provide structural support,transport, enzymes, movement, defense
celluar organelle responsible for converting nutrient into useable energy in the form of ATP
mitochondria
cell cycle phase do cells prepare DNA replication
G1 phase
frameshift mutation
the insertion or deletion of nucleotide bases in numbers that are not multiples of three.
commensalism
a relationship between individuals of two species in which one species obtains food or other benefits from the other without either harming or benefiting the latter
mRNA
molecule carries genetic info from DNA to ribosome for protein synthesis
polygenic trait
characteristic, such as height or skin color, that is influenced by two or more genes
