anatomy Flashcards
Endocrine system
responsible for regulating homeostasis through hormone signaling.
Gastrointestinal system
obtaining nutrients through the breakdown and absorption break down of food
Cardiovascular system
transport of substance to all tissues of the body.
Integumentary system
providing the first layer of protection from outside pathogens.
What is the correct sequence in which
inhaled air passes through the respiratory
tract?
Nasal cavity
Pharynx
Larynx
Trachea
Bronchi
Bronchioles
The _________________ is the blood vessel that
carries oxygen depleted blood away from
the heart.
: pulmonary artery
Compact bone
composed of repeating units
of osteons and is the strongest form of bone
tissue
spongy bone
lighter
than compact bone tissue and is always located
on the interior of the bone
Which of the following is correct about
muscle contraction?
Muscle contraction requires ATP.
b. Actin and myosin filaments slide past
each other.
c. Neurotransmitters stimulate muscle
contraction.
Sarcomere shorten during contraction
Melatonin is the hormone that regulates
sleep-and-wake rhythm. Which of the
following endocrine glands is responsible
for producing melatonin?
. Pineal
Gas exchange between the blood and
alveoli would be enhanced by ______________,
but impeded by __________________.
increased alveolar surface area;
increased membrane thickness
Fick’s Law of Diffusion
gas exchange Diffusion = k * SA * ( P2 – P1)⁄T
Which of the following is true of insulin and
glucagon?
Please select all that apply.
Insulin and glucagon regulate the level
of glucose in the blood.
c. Insulin and glucagon have opposite
effects on blood glucose but work
together to maintain homeostasis.
The pancreas secretes insulin and
glucagon.
The majority of nutrient absorption occurs
in the _________________.
small intestine
Which of the following causes bone
matrix resorption during bone growth and
remodeling?
Osteoclasts
Thick Skin layers (5)
Come
Lets
Get
Sun
Burn
corneum
lucidum
granulosum
spinosum
basale
Hormones help regulate many different bodily functions
growth and development, reproduction, metabolism, and stress
Glands of the endocrine system
adrenal gland, which produces adrenaline, noradrenaline, and dopamine
negative feedback mechanisms
one part of the body senses an imbalance and stimulates a gland to create a hormone until a balance is restored
positive feedback loop
during certain events, such as childbirth, that need a steady increase in activity to achieve a result
nervous system and endocrine system both send messages throughout the body,
nervous system senses changes in the environment (e.g., temperature, pain, danger), and the endocrine system responds by releasing hormones to regulate the necessary processes.
pituitary gland is found in the brain
controls the release of FSH, LH, and oxytocin
endocrine system of the body is made up of glands
secrete hormones into the bloodstream
hypothalamus, pineal gland, and the pituitary
brain contains
throat
thymus, thyroid, and parathyroid glands
urinary system is part of the larger excretory system
includes the lungs, skin, and rectum as well.
Urinary System
kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra.
urinary system has an important role
in maintaining blood volume and blood pressure.
kidneys monitor changes in
blood pressure, oxygen levels, and ion concentrations and secrete hormones to restore any imbalances in these areas.
bone marrow creates
white blood cells that find and destroy pathogens
leukocytes
White blood cells
two general types of leukocytes
phagocytes, which destroy foreign cells, and lymphocytes, which are used to remember and recognize foreign organisms
