Teas Anatomy and Physiology Flashcards
Anatomy
study of form
Physiology
study of function
Atom
smallest form of unique characteristics
Molecules
atoms combine to make molecules and have their own chemical characteristics
Molecules form together to create??
organelles
Organelles
a discrete structure that carry out specific duties within a cell
Organelles combine together to form a ??
cell
Cells
the basic unit of life
What is the first level of the hierarchy to carry out life processes independently??
the cell
Cells with the same function join together to make??
tissues
Organ
two or more tissues combined together
Organ System
a collection of organs that work together to form a task
Organism
the 11 organ systems combined
The 4 basic types of tissues are?
epithelial, connective, muscle, and nervous.
What does epithelial tissue do?
provides covering, and produces secretions
What does connective tissue do?
serves to connect different structures of the body
What does muscle tissue do?
dedicated to movement
What are the 3 types muscle tissue?
skeletal, smooth and cardiac
What does nervous tissue do?
Provides structure for the brain, spinal cord, and nerves
Skeletal muscle is?
voluntary
Smooth muscle is?
involuntary
Cardiac muscle is?
involuntary
What are the 11 organ systems of the human body?
circulatory, digestive, endocrine, integumentary, lymphatic, muscular, nervous, reproductive, respiratory, skeletal, and urinary.
Circulatory System
Consists of heart, blood and blood vessels. Supports circulation of oxygen and nutrients and other substances throughout the body.
Digestive System
Consists of all organs from the mouth to the anus
Involved in the ingestion and break-down of food
Endocrine System
Controls body function through the secretion of hormones
Includes numerous glands
Integumentary System
Consists of skin, mucous membranes, hair and nails
Protects internal tissues
Helps regulate body temperature
Lymphatic System
Consists of lymph nodes, lymph vessels, lymph fluid and other accessory organs
Supports the immune system
Muscular System
Made up of skeletal, smooth and cardiac muscle
Also includes tendons to connect muscle to bone and ligaments to attach bone to bone
Nervous System
Consists of brain, spinal cord and nerves
Serves as body’s control system
Reproductive System
Purpose to reproduce offspring to carry on genetic information
Specialized between the sexes
Respiratory System
Keeps cells supplied with oxygen
Removes carbon dioxide from cells
Skeletal System
Consists of all the bones in the body
Provides support and protection
Supplies a framework for muscles
Urinary System
Helps maintain water and electrolyte imbalance
Regulates acid-base balance of the blood
Removes nitrogen containing waste
Anatomical position
a standard position in which the body is facing forward, the feet are parallel and the arms are at the side, palms facing forward
Superior
toward the upper end of the body or body surface
inferior
toward the lower end of the body or body surface
Anterior
towards the front of the body or body structure
Posterior
towards the back of the body or body structure
Medial
towards the middle of the body or body structure
Lateral
toward the outer sides of the body or body structure
Intermediate
between medial and lateral
Proximal
close to the origin of the body or point of attachment
Distal
away from the origin of the body or point of attachment
Superficial
toward the body surface
Deep
away or below the body surface
Sagittal section
cut made along longitudinal line, dividing the body right from left
Midsagittal section
sagittal section made down the median of the body
Transverse section
cut along the horizontal plane, cutting the body top from bottom
Frontal section
cut along the longitudinal plane, cutting the body front from back
Dorsal cavity
contains the cranial cavity and the spinal cord
Ventral cavity
contains all structure in the chest (thoracic cavity) and the abdomen (abdominal and pelvic cavities)
Adaptation
Receive, interpret and respond to stimuli via the nervous system
Circulation
transport oxygen and other nutrients to tissues via circulatory system
Elimination
Remove metabolic waste via urinary system
Locomotion
Voluntary and involuntary movement via musculoskeletal and neurological systems
Nutrient
take in and break-down nutrients via digestive system
Oxygenation
take in oxygen and remove carbon dioxide from cell via respiratory system
Regulation
hormonal control of body function via endocrine system
Self-duplication
production of offspring via reproductive system
Cardiovascular system is a ???
highway for the entire body
Cardiovascular system consists of??
heart, blood vessels and blood
The heart does what??
contracts and pumps blood throughout the body
Arteries are blood vessels that??
transport away from the heart (blood under high pressure)
Veins are blood vessels that??
transport blood to the heart (blood is under low pressure)
Capillaries are tiny blood vessels where??
oxygen exchange takes place
Where are capillaries found?
where the arteries end and the veins begin
How many chambers does the heart have?
4
What are the 4 chambers of the heart?
Right and left atria, and the right and left ventricles.
How many valves does the heart have?
4
What are the valves of the heart?
Right side has tricuspid and pulmonary and the left side has the bicuspid (mitral) and aortic valves
What do valves do?
prevent backflow of blood through the heart
