Teaching with Isi

Question 1

LMN + UMN signs causes

Answer 1

Cerebellar
MLS
MS

Question 2

Symptoms of cerebellar pathology

Answer 2

DANISH

Question 3

Causes of cerebellar pathology

Answer 3

PASTRIES

Paraneoplastic
Autoimmune
Stroke
Truam
R
Infection
Ethanol
Sclerosis

Question 4

Which tract takes neurons to the CN

Answer 4

Corticobulbar tract - it is ipsilateral

Answer 5

At the midbrain, you have ipsilateral signs due to nuclei being affected, but contralateral motor tract

Question 6

Pyramidal vs extrapyramidal

Answer 6

extrapyramidal = dopamine tracts, pyramidal

Question 7

Forehead sparing = which nerve palsy

Answer 7

Forehead sparing = UMN
Forehead affected = LMN

Nasolabial fold = reduced
Can’t smile or bear teeth

Question 8

No pronator drift

Answer 8

Pyramidal tract lesion or muscle weakness

Answer 9

Hypotonia
Nystagmus

Question 10

UMN problem causes

Answer 10

Stroke
Trauma
Infection - TB, meningitis
Inflammation - sarcoid, amyloid
Malignancy

Question 11

UMN = which part of the body

Answer 11

Brain and spine up until anterior horn cells

Question 12

LMN at antieror horn cell - causes

Answer 12

Polio
AMLS
West nile virus

Question 13

Fasciculations = sign of?

Answer 13

Dying anterior horn cells

Question 14

Cause of atrophy in UMN and LMN pathology

Answer 14

Downregulation of muscle protein production causes muscle wasting in LMN atrophy

In UMN atrophy it is due to lack of use

Question 15

What is Brown Sequard syndrome

Answer 15

Half of the spinal cord is affected
so ipsilateral loss of fine touch, vibration and proprioception, and then contralateral loss of pain and temperature and crude touch

Question 16

Describe the anatomy of the SC from 12 o clock to 6 o clock

Answer 16

Dorsal column (legs medially)
Corticospinal motor tracts
Lateral spinothalamic tract
Anterior spinothalamic tract

Question 17

Where does the ST tract synapse, and what sensations do the spinothalamic tracts carry

Answer 17

Crosses at the SC and then travels ipsilaterally

Lateral - pain and temp
Anterior - crude touch

Question 18

Where does the DC synapse

Answer 18

Ipsilaterally, then crosses at medulla

Question 19

A lesion on the left side of the spinal cord will cause what problems

Answer 19

Contralateral loss of pain and temp
Ipsilateral loss of fine touch and propriocention and vibration

Question 20

Name two spinal cord problems

Answer 20

Central cord syndrome

Question 21

Symptoms of central cord syndrome

Answer 21

Unable to move arms (man in a barrel)

Question 22

Causes of central cord syndrome

Answer 22

Hyperextension of the neck

Question 23

Name a serious complication of a spinal cord pathology

Answer 23

Autonomous dysreflexia- where NA is released