TDMS--Vascular System (CH 8) Flashcards
What is the inner layer of the typical artery?
tunica intima
What is the middle layer of the typical artery?
tunica media
What is the external layer of the typical artery?
tunica adventitia
What comprises the tiny arteries and veins that supply the walls of blood vesses?
vasa vasorum
What are hollow elastic tubes that carry blood away from the heart?
arteries
What are hollow collapsible tubes with diminished tunica media that carry blood toward the heart?
veins
Do veins or arteries have a larger diameter?
veins
What is the largest principle artery of the body?
aorta
What are the five main sections of the aorta?
1) root of the aorta
2) ascending aorta and arch
3) descending aorta
4) abdominal aorta and abdominal aortic branches
5) bifurcation of the aorta into iliac arteries
What is the typical diameter of the aorta supraceliac?
[Table 8.1, p178,9th ed.]
men: 2.5-2.7 cm
women: 2.1-2.3cm
What is the diameter of the aorta infrarenal?
[Table 8.1, p178,9th ed.]
men: 2.0-2.4 cm
women: 1.7-2.2 cm
What is the diameter of the common iliac artery?
[Table 8.1, p178,9th ed.]
men: 1.1-1.5 cm
women:1.0-1.3 cm
What is the diameter of the common femoral artery?
[Table 8.1, p178,9th ed.]
men: 0.9-1.2 cm
women: 0.8-1.0 cm
What arises from the celiac trunk and courses to the right of the abdomen at almost a 90-degree angle?
common hepatic artery
What arises from the anterior abdominal aortic wall approx. 1cm inferior to the celiac trunk
superior mesenteric artery
What are the five main branches of the SMA?
[bottom p180, 9th ed]
inferior pancreatic artery
duodenal artery
colic artery
ileocolic artery
intestinal artery
IVC ____ with breathing
Aorta _____ with breathing
contract, stays the same
What arises from the anterior abdominal aorta approx. at the level of the third or fourth lumbar?
inferior mesenteric artery
What are the three main branches of the inferior mesenteric artery?
[p184, 9th ed]
left colic
sigmoid
superior rectal arteries
What passes posterior to the renal vein before entering the renal hilus?
right renal artery
What courses from the aorta directly into the hilus of the left kidney?
left renal artery
What occurs when the arterial vascular system becomes thick and stiff leading to blood flow restriction to the organs and tissues in the body?
arteriosclerosis
What is a specific form of arteriosclerosis where the buildup of fats, cholesterol, and other substances within the arterial wall can restrict blood flow?
atherosclerosis
What is a localized dilation of the abdominal aorta usually greater than 3 cm in diameter or more than 1.5 times the diameter of the proximal aorta?
abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA)
What is communication between two blood vessels without any intervening capillary network?
anastomosis
What are minute vessels that connect the arterial and venous systems?
capillaries
What is the periportal collateral channels in patients with chronic portal vein obstruction?
cavernous transformation of the portal vein
What is it where the abdominal aorta bifurcates at the level of the umbilicus into common iliac arteries to supply blood to the lower extremities?
common iliac arteries
What is the weakening of the arterial wall?
cystic medical necrosis
What is a tear in the intima and/or media of the abdominal aorta?
dissecting aneurysm
What is the circumferential enlargement of a vessel with tapering at both ends?
fusiform aneurysm
What is the branch of the common hepatic artery to supply to stomach and duodenum?
gastroduodenal artery
What are the three large veins that drain the liver and empty into the inferior vena cava at the level of the diaphragm?
hepatic veins
What is flow away from the liver?
hepatofugal
What is flow toward the liver?
hepatopedal
What arises from the anterior aortic wall at the level of the third or fourth lumbar vertebra to supply the left transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon, and rectum?
inferior mesenteric artery
What drains the left third of the colon and upper colon and joins the splenic vein?
inferior mesenteric vein
What is the largest venous abdominal vessel that conveys blood from the body below the diaphragm to the right atrium of the heart?
inferior vena cava
What arises from the celiac axis to supply the stomach and lower third of the esophagus?
left gastric artery
What is the small branch the supplies the caudate and left lobes of the liver?
left hepatic arter
What arises from the posterolateral wall of the aorta directly into the hilus of the kidney?
left renal artery
What leaves the renal hilum travelling anterior to the aorta and posterior to the superior mesenteric artery to enter the lateral wall of the lateral wall of the inferior vena cava?
left renal vein
What is the hereditary disorder of connective tissue, bones, muscles, ligaments, and skeletal structures?
Marfan syndrome
What are vessels that have high diastolic components and supply organs that need constant perfusion?
non-resistive
What is formed by the union of the superior mesenteric vein and splenic vein near the porta hepatis of the liver?
portal vein
What may result from intrinsic liver disease or obstruction of the portal veins, hepatic veins, inferior vena cava, or prolonged congestive heart failure?
portal venous hypertension
What is a pulsatile hematoma that results from leakage of blood into soft tissues abutting the punctured artery with fibrous encapsulation and failure of the vessel wall to heal?
pseudoaneurysm
What is an obstruction of the renal vein resulting in an enlarged and edematous kidney?
renal vein thrombosis
What are vessels that have little or reversed flow in diastole and supply organs that do not need a constant blood supply?
resistive
What supplies the stomach?
right gastric artery
What supplies the gallbladder via the cystic artery
right hepatic artery
What leaves the medal renal hilum to enter the lateral wall of the inferior vena cava?
right renal vein
What is localized dilation of the vessel?
saccular aneurysm
What is a branch of the celiac axis that arises from the celiac trunk to supply the spleen?
splenic artery
What drains the spleen and travels horizontally across the abdomen, posterior to the pancreas, to join the superior mesenteric vein to form the portal vein
splenic vein
What arises inferior to the celiac axis to supply the proximal half of the colon and small intestine?
superior mesenteric artery
What drains the proximal half of the colon and small intestine and travels vertically, slightly anterior to the inferior vena cava, to join the splenic vein to form the portal vein?
superior mesenteric vein
What are the tiny arteries and veins that supply the walls of the blood vessels?
vasa vasorum
What is it called when blood escapes through a hole in the intima of the vessel wall but is contained by the deeper layers of the aorta or by adjacent tissue?
pseudoaneurysm
What is the most common presentation of an atherosclerotic aneurysm of the distal aorta at the aortic bifurcation?
fusiform aneurysm
What shows a sudden transition between normal and abnormal and is somewhat spherical and larger than fusiform aneurysms?
saccular aneurysm
What type of aneurysm may be detected with sonography although CT is generally the preferred imaging choice in emergent situations?
dissecting aneurysm
What is the formation of a clot in the vein that drains blood from the kidneys, ultimately leading to a reduction in the drainage of one or both kidneys and the possible migration of the clot to other parts of the body?
renal vein thrombosis
The portal vein has a(n) ____ with the esophageal veins, rectal venous plexus, and superficial abdominal veins.
anastomosis
What drains the left third of the colon and upper colon and ascends retroperitoneally along the left psoas muscle?
inferior mesenteric vein
In patients who develop _____ the portal blood flow becomes hepatofugal (away from the liver) instead of hepatopetal (toward the liver)
portal venous hypertension
What is the ratio where peak systole is compared with minimum diastole to quantify a vessel’s impedance?
resistive index
What is another word for turbulence?
spectral broadening
