TDMS--Vascular System (CH 8)

Question 1

What is the inner layer of the typical artery?

Answer 1

tunica intima

Question 2

What is the middle layer of the typical artery?

Answer 2

tunica media

Question 3

What is the external layer of the typical artery?

Answer 3

tunica adventitia

Question 4

What comprises the tiny arteries and veins that supply the walls of blood vesses?

Answer 4

vasa vasorum

Question 5

What are hollow elastic tubes that carry blood away from the heart?

Answer 5

arteries

Question 6

What are hollow collapsible tubes with diminished tunica media that carry blood toward the heart?

Answer 6

veins

Question 7

Do veins or arteries have a larger diameter?

Answer 7

veins

Question 8

What is the largest principle artery of the body?

Answer 8

aorta

Question 9

What are the five main sections of the aorta?

Answer 9

1) root of the aorta
2) ascending aorta and arch
3) descending aorta
4) abdominal aorta and abdominal aortic branches
5) bifurcation of the aorta into iliac arteries

Question 10

What is the typical diameter of the aorta supraceliac?
[Table 8.1, p178,9th ed.]

Answer 10

men: 2.5-2.7 cm
women: 2.1-2.3cm

Question 11

What is the diameter of the aorta infrarenal?
[Table 8.1, p178,9th ed.]

Answer 11

men: 2.0-2.4 cm
women: 1.7-2.2 cm

Question 12

What is the diameter of the common iliac artery?
[Table 8.1, p178,9th ed.]

Answer 12

men: 1.1-1.5 cm
women:1.0-1.3 cm

Question 13

What is the diameter of the common femoral artery?
[Table 8.1, p178,9th ed.]

Answer 13

men: 0.9-1.2 cm
women: 0.8-1.0 cm

Question 14

What arises from the celiac trunk and courses to the right of the abdomen at almost a 90-degree angle?

Answer 14

common hepatic artery

Question 15

What arises from the anterior abdominal aortic wall approx. 1cm inferior to the celiac trunk

Answer 15

superior mesenteric artery

Question 16

What are the five main branches of the SMA?
[bottom p180, 9th ed]

Answer 16

inferior pancreatic artery
duodenal artery
colic artery
ileocolic artery
intestinal artery

Question 17

IVC ____ with breathing
Aorta _____ with breathing

Answer 17

contract, stays the same

Question 18

What arises from the anterior abdominal aorta approx. at the level of the third or fourth lumbar?

Answer 18

inferior mesenteric artery

Question 19

What are the three main branches of the inferior mesenteric artery?
[p184, 9th ed]

Answer 19

left colic
sigmoid
superior rectal arteries

Question 20

What passes posterior to the renal vein before entering the renal hilus?

Answer 20

right renal artery

Question 21

What courses from the aorta directly into the hilus of the left kidney?

Answer 21

left renal artery

Question 22

What occurs when the arterial vascular system becomes thick and stiff leading to blood flow restriction to the organs and tissues in the body?

Answer 22

arteriosclerosis

Question 23

What is a specific form of arteriosclerosis where the buildup of fats, cholesterol, and other substances within the arterial wall can restrict blood flow?

Answer 23

atherosclerosis

Question 24

What is a localized dilation of the abdominal aorta usually greater than 3 cm in diameter or more than 1.5 times the diameter of the proximal aorta?

Answer 24

abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA)

Question 25

What is communication between two blood vessels without any intervening capillary network?

Answer 25

anastomosis

Question 26

What are minute vessels that connect the arterial and venous systems?

Answer 26

capillaries

Question 27

What is the periportal collateral channels in patients with chronic portal vein obstruction?

Answer 27

cavernous transformation of the portal vein

Question 28

What is it where the abdominal aorta bifurcates at the level of the umbilicus into common iliac arteries to supply blood to the lower extremities?

Answer 28

common iliac arteries

Question 29

What is the weakening of the arterial wall?

Answer 29

cystic medical necrosis

Question 30

What is a tear in the intima and/or media of the abdominal aorta?

Answer 30

dissecting aneurysm

Question 31

What is the circumferential enlargement of a vessel with tapering at both ends?

Answer 31

fusiform aneurysm

Question 32

What is the branch of the common hepatic artery to supply to stomach and duodenum?

Answer 32

gastroduodenal artery

Question 33

What are the three large veins that drain the liver and empty into the inferior vena cava at the level of the diaphragm?

Answer 33

hepatic veins

Question 34

What is flow away from the liver?

Answer 34

hepatofugal

Question 35

What is flow toward the liver?

Answer 35

hepatopedal

Question 36

What arises from the anterior aortic wall at the level of the third or fourth lumbar vertebra to supply the left transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon, and rectum?

Answer 36

inferior mesenteric artery

Question 37

What drains the left third of the colon and upper colon and joins the splenic vein?

Answer 37

inferior mesenteric vein

Question 38

What is the largest venous abdominal vessel that conveys blood from the body below the diaphragm to the right atrium of the heart?

Answer 38

inferior vena cava

Question 39

What arises from the celiac axis to supply the stomach and lower third of the esophagus?

Answer 39

left gastric artery

Question 40

What is the small branch the supplies the caudate and left lobes of the liver?

Answer 40

left hepatic arter

Question 41

What arises from the posterolateral wall of the aorta directly into the hilus of the kidney?

Answer 41

left renal artery

Question 42

What leaves the renal hilum travelling anterior to the aorta and posterior to the superior mesenteric artery to enter the lateral wall of the lateral wall of the inferior vena cava?

Answer 42

left renal vein

Question 43

What is the hereditary disorder of connective tissue, bones, muscles, ligaments, and skeletal structures?

Answer 43

Marfan syndrome

Question 44

What are vessels that have high diastolic components and supply organs that need constant perfusion?

Answer 44

non-resistive

Question 45

What is formed by the union of the superior mesenteric vein and splenic vein near the porta hepatis of the liver?

Answer 45

portal vein

Question 46

What may result from intrinsic liver disease or obstruction of the portal veins, hepatic veins, inferior vena cava, or prolonged congestive heart failure?

Answer 46

portal venous hypertension

Question 47

What is a pulsatile hematoma that results from leakage of blood into soft tissues abutting the punctured artery with fibrous encapsulation and failure of the vessel wall to heal?

Answer 47

pseudoaneurysm

Question 48

What is an obstruction of the renal vein resulting in an enlarged and edematous kidney?

Answer 48

renal vein thrombosis

Question 49

What are vessels that have little or reversed flow in diastole and supply organs that do not need a constant blood supply?

Answer 49

resistive

Question 50

What supplies the stomach?

Answer 50

right gastric artery

Question 51

What supplies the gallbladder via the cystic artery

Answer 51

right hepatic artery

Question 52

What leaves the medal renal hilum to enter the lateral wall of the inferior vena cava?

Answer 52

right renal vein

Question 53

What is localized dilation of the vessel?

Answer 53

saccular aneurysm

Question 54

What is a branch of the celiac axis that arises from the celiac trunk to supply the spleen?

Answer 54

splenic artery

Question 55

What drains the spleen and travels horizontally across the abdomen, posterior to the pancreas, to join the superior mesenteric vein to form the portal vein

Answer 55

splenic vein

Question 56

What arises inferior to the celiac axis to supply the proximal half of the colon and small intestine?

Answer 56

superior mesenteric artery

Question 57

What drains the proximal half of the colon and small intestine and travels vertically, slightly anterior to the inferior vena cava, to join the splenic vein to form the portal vein?

Answer 57

superior mesenteric vein

Question 58

What are the tiny arteries and veins that supply the walls of the blood vessels?

Answer 58

vasa vasorum

Question 59

What is it called when blood escapes through a hole in the intima of the vessel wall but is contained by the deeper layers of the aorta or by adjacent tissue?

Answer 59

pseudoaneurysm

Question 60

What is the most common presentation of an atherosclerotic aneurysm of the distal aorta at the aortic bifurcation?

Answer 60

fusiform aneurysm

Question 61

What shows a sudden transition between normal and abnormal and is somewhat spherical and larger than fusiform aneurysms?

Answer 61

saccular aneurysm

Question 62

What type of aneurysm may be detected with sonography although CT is generally the preferred imaging choice in emergent situations?

Answer 62

dissecting aneurysm

Question 63

What is the formation of a clot in the vein that drains blood from the kidneys, ultimately leading to a reduction in the drainage of one or both kidneys and the possible migration of the clot to other parts of the body?

Answer 63

renal vein thrombosis

Question 64

The portal vein has a(n) ____ with the esophageal veins, rectal venous plexus, and superficial abdominal veins.

Answer 64

anastomosis

Question 65

What drains the left third of the colon and upper colon and ascends retroperitoneally along the left psoas muscle?

Answer 65

inferior mesenteric vein

Question 66

In patients who develop _____ the portal blood flow becomes hepatofugal (away from the liver) instead of hepatopetal (toward the liver)

Answer 66

portal venous hypertension

Question 67

What is the ratio where peak systole is compared with minimum diastole to quantify a vessel's impedance?

Answer 67

resistive index

Question 68

What is another word for turbulence?

Answer 68

spectral broadening