TDMS--Foundations of Clinical Sonography (CH 1)

Question 1

What is the visualization of soft tissue structures?

Answer 1

sonography

Question 2

Who is a professional that specializes in sonography?

Answer 2

sonographer

Question 3

Who is a physician in songraphy?

Answer 3

sonologist

Question 4

What is the branch of physics dealing with sound waves?

Answer 4

acoustics

Question 5

What is the result of mechanical energy that produces alternate compression and rarefaction of conducting medium as it travels as a wave?

Answer 5

sound

Question 6

What is the sound range of 0-25 Hz?

Answer 6

infrasound

Question 7

What is the sound range of 20Hz-20kHz?

Answer 7

audible

Question 8

What is the sound range of 20-100kHz?

Answer 8

ultrasound

Question 9

What is constant for a given tissue?

Answer 9

velocity of propagation

Question 10

What is the assumed average propagation velocity in soft tissues?

Answer 10

1540 m/sec

Question 11

What allows sonographers to compare intensity and amplitude of two signals?

Answer 11

decibels

Question 12

What is the power per unit area?

Answer 12

intensity

Question 13

How are power and intensity related?

Answer 13

inversely related

Question 14

How is sound characterized?

Answer 14

according to its frequency

Question 15

What is defined as the number of oscillations per second?

Answer 15

frequency

Question 16

How is wavelength related to frequency?

Answer 16

Inversely related

Question 17

What is the measurement of material’s resistance?

Answer 17

acoustic impedance

Question 18

The greater the acoustic mismatch the greater the _____

Answer 18

backscatter or reflection

Question 19

What is the redirection of sound in multiple directions?

Answer 19

scattering

Question 20

What is the change of direction of sound?

Answer 20

refraction

Question 21

What is the loss of sound energy and a major cause of shadowing?

Answer 21

absorption

Question 22

What produces ultrasound waves?

Answer 22

piezoelectric crystals

Question 23

What is the ability to resolve objects with imaging plane?

Answer 23

axial resolution

Question 24

What does beam width determine?

Answer 24

lateral resolution

Question 25

How are acoustic impedance and density (or propagation) related?

Answer 25

directly related

Question 26

What filters out fundamental frequency and creates images from echoes?

Answer 26

harmonic imaging

Question 27

What converts energy from one form to another?

Answer 27

transducer

Question 28

Sound is the result of mechanical energy that produces alternating what two things?

Answer 28

compression and rarefaction

Question 29

What is a propagation of energy that moves back and forth or vibrates at a steady rate?

Answer 29

wave

Question 30

What unit is used to measure the intensity, amplitude, and power of an ultrasound wave?

Answer 30

decibel

Question 31

What is the rate at which energy is transmitted?

Answer 31

Power

Question 32

What occurs whenever the pulse encounters an interface between tissues with different acoustic impedances?

Answer 32

reflection

Question 33

What is the time that a piezoelectric element vibrates after electrical stimulation?

Answer 33

pulse duration

Question 34

What is the ability of an imaging process to distinguish adjacent structures in an object and is an important measure of image quality?

Answer 34

resolution

Question 35

What refers to the ability to resolve objects within the imaging plane that are located at different depths along the direction of the sound pulse?

Answer 35

axial resolution

Question 36

What refers to the ability to resolve objects within the imaging plane that are located side by side at the same depth from the transducer?

Answer 36

Later resolution

Question 37

What is the point at which the beam from the transducer is the narrowest?

Answer 37

focal zone

Question 38

What refers to the ability to resolve objects that are the same distance from the transducer but are located perpendicular to the plane of imaging?

Answer 38

Azimuthal resolution

Question 39

What is the sum of acoustic energy loss resulting from absorption, scattering, and reflection?

Answer 39

attenuation

Question 40

What is a device that converts energy from one form to another?

Answer 40

transducer

Question 41

What is an imaging technique that assigns to each level of amplitude a particular shade of gray to visualize the different echo amplitudes?

Answer 41

Gray scale

Question 42

What imaging provides a dynamic presentation of multiple image frames per second over selected areas of the body?

Answer 42

Real-time or "cine"

Question 43

What is dependent on the frequency and depth of the transducer and depth selection?

Answer 43

frame rate

Question 44

What refers to the ability of the system to accurately depict motion?

Answer 44

temporal resolution

Question 45

What allows the sonographer to amplify or boost the echo signals?

Answer 45

gain

Question 46

What allows the sonographer to manually amplify the receiver gain gradually at specific depths?

Answer 46

time gain compensation (TGC) or depth gain compensation (DGC)

Question 47

What is the range of input signal levels that produce noticeable changes in the output of the device?

Answer 47

dynamic range

Question 48

What is the difference between the transmitted and the received frequency is the called the Doppler what?

Answer 48

frequency shift

Question 49

What is the difference between the receiving echo frequency and the frequency of the transmitted beam called?

Answer 49

Doppler shift

Question 50

What is the angle that the reflector path makes with the ultrasound beam is called?

Answer 50

Doppler angle

Question 51

The closer the Doppler angle is to ___ the more accurate is the flow velocity.

Answer 51

zero

Question 52

What is the normal pattern of vessel flow?

Answer 52

Laminar flow

Question 53

What is the abnormal pattern of vessel flow that occurs when there is a narrowing in the vessel that causes a high velocity flow profile?

Answer 53

turbulent

Question 54

What allows the instrumentation to break down the complex multifrequency Doppler signal into individual frequency components?

Answer 54

spectral analysis

Question 55

What uses two piezoelectric elements: one for sending and one for receiving?

Answer 55

Continuous wave (CW) Doppler

Question 56

What is used for lower-velocity flow and has one crystal that pulses to transmit the signal while also listening or receiving the returning singal?

Answer 56

Pulsed Wave (PW) Doppler

Question 57

What can be set to a specific area of interest in the vascular structure to interrogated?

Answer 57

gate (Doppler window)

Question 58

What is the phenomenon where the Doppler signal must be sampled at least twice for each cycle in the wave?

Answer 58

Nyquist sampling limit

Question 59

What is the apparent reversal of flow direction and a "wrapping around" of the Doppler spectral waveform?

Answer 59

Aliasing

Question 60

Real-time imaging is displayed with both gray scale and *What* in the vascular structures?

Answer 60

color flow

Question 61

What refers to the number of sound pulses transmitted per second?

Answer 61

pulse repetition frequency (PRF)