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AWS SAA-C03 > TD Exam 3 - Long review > Flashcards

TD Exam 3 - Long review Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 2 modes for ECS

A

EC2 and Fargate

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2
Q

What is a container definition used in ECS

A

Tells where the image is, and which ports are exposed

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3
Q

What is a task defintion

A

Represents the app as a whole, can have multiple containers. Has everything except what is in container definition

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4
Q

Where is Task role defined for ECS

A

In Task definition

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5
Q

What is a service definition in ECS

A

Defines a service

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6
Q

What is a service in ECS

A

Defines how Tasks scale, how to distribute load, etc

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7
Q

What is in a Container definition in ECS

A

Image and ports

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8
Q

What is in a Task definition in ECS

A

Security (Task role), Container(s) and resources

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9
Q

What is a Task role in ECS

A

IAM Role which the task assumes

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10
Q

What is in a service in ECS

A

How many copies, HA, restarts

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11
Q

What is DMS

A

A managed Database Migration Service

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12
Q

What does DMS use

A

A replication instance

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13
Q

Can the destination of DMS be onprem?

A

Yes, either the destination or source needs to be in AWS

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14
Q

What do you define on a replication instance in DMS

A

Replication task

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15
Q

What are the different states of EC2 instance

A

Pending
Running
Rebooting
Shutting down
Terminated
Stopping
Stopped

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16
Q

To what state can an instance transtion from pending

A

Running

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17
Q

To what states can an instance transition from running

A

Rebooting
Shutting down
stopping

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18
Q

To what state can an instance transition to from Shutting down

A

Terminated

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19
Q

To what state can an instance transition from terminated

A

None; It is terminated

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20
Q

To what state can an instance transition from stopping

A

Stopped

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21
Q

To what states can an instance transition from stopped

A

Pending
Terminated

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22
Q

What is the pending state

A

The instance is preparing to enter a running state

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23
Q

When will you be billed when an instance is stopping

A

If it is preparing to hibernate

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24
Q

What are the 2 types of backup functionality in RDS

A

Automated Backups
Snapshots

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25
Q

Where are backups from RDS stored

A

AWS-Managed S3 buckets

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26
Q

Where are RDS backups taken from

A

Standby instance if you are in multi-AZ mode
Otherwise from primary, so might have performance issues

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27
Q

Are RDS snapshots automatic

A

No

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28
Q

What are RDS snapshots and backups taken of

A

An instance, so all the databases within it

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29
Q

Do RDS snapshots expire

A

No, you have to clean them up yourself, manual or external process to delete

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30
Q

What is a difference between RDS snapshots and backups

A

Backups are automated
Also backups have transaction logs written every 5 minutes

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31
Q

What is the possible range of values for RDS backups retention

A

0 to 35 days

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32
Q

Can you keep RDS backups after deleting a db

A

Yes, but they still expire

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33
Q

Can RDS snapshots and transaction logs be replicated to another region

A

Yes, but has to be explicitly configured; it is not the default

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34
Q

What happens when you restore an RDS snapshot

A

A new RDS instance is created; with a new address

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35
Q

Is restoring a backup in RDS fast

A

No, it restores the backup then replays the transactions from transaction log

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36
Q

What is AWS backup

A

A fully-managed data-protection service

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37
Q

What is an advantage of AWS backup

A

IT allows you to consolidate management in one place, across accounts and regions

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38
Q

What are some things supported by AWS Backup

A

Compute
Block storage
File storage
DBs
Object storage

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39
Q

What is a central component of AWS backup

A

Backup plans

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40
Q

What can you configure with lifecycles in AWS Backups

A

When a backup transitions into cold storage and when it expires

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41
Q

What is a vault in AWS Backup

A

Backup destination - assign KMS key for encryption

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42
Q

What is specified in an AWS Backup backup plan

A

Frequency
Window
Lifecycle
Vault
Region copy

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43
Q

What is vault lock in AWS backup

A

Write-once, read-many (lock); you get 72h to delete, then you can’t
Can still have lifecycle to make it expire

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44
Q

Can you do on-demand backup in AWS backup

A

Yes

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45
Q

Can you do Point-In-Time-Recovery for AWS backup

A

Yes, for supported product

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46
Q

What is S3 select

A

Ways to retrieve part of an object instead of the whole object

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47
Q

What is a disadvantage of filtering a large object on the client side

A

Still use the whole object size of data transfer

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48
Q

What does S3 select and Glacier Select do

A

Allows you to use SQL-like segments to select part of the object

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49
Q

What is an advantage of S3 select

A

S3 pre-filters an object, only sends the result

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50
Q

What are some file formats supported by S3 select

A

CSV, json, parquet, BZIP2 compression for csv and json

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51
Q

What do S3 access points do

A

Simplify managing access to S3 buckets and objects

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52
Q

What do S3 access points allow you to do

A

Rather than one bucket with one bucket policy, you create many access points with different policies
Each access point has its own endpoint address
an have different network access control

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53
Q

What is a way of making S3 bucket accessible via VPC

A

Access point with VPC origin

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54
Q

What types of records are supported with failover routing

A

primary and secondary

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55
Q

What is the use case for failover routing

A

Active-passive failover

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56
Q

What is a VPC router

A

HA, runs in all AZs the VPC is in, each vpc has a vpc router

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57
Q

What is the address of the VPC router

A

network + 1of the subnet

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58
Q

What does a VPC router do by default

A

Route traffic between subnets

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59
Q

What is the main route table of a vpc

A

The route table used by default by a subnet

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60
Q

What happens if many routes match traffic

A

Higher prefix takes priority

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61
Q

What are possible targets for a route table

A

Gateway or route table

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62
Q

Can you update local routes in route tables

A

No

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63
Q

What kind of resilience does an internet gateway have

A

Region resilient

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64
Q

Can you attach an internet gateway to more than one vpc

A

no

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65
Q

Can you attach a vpc to more than one internet gateway

A

no

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66
Q

What are the actions you need to take to make a subnet public

A

Create IGW
Attah IGW to VPC
Create custom route table
Associate route table
Make the default route the internet gateway
Configure subnet to allocate IPv4 addresses

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67
Q

What happens when you allocate a public IP in a subnet

A

A record is created in the IGW to associate the instance private ip to the public ip

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68
Q

Is an EC2 instance ever aware of it’s public IPv4 address

A

No

69
Q

Is an EC2 instance ever aware of it’s public IPv6 address

A

Yes

70
Q

What is a jumpbox

A

Bastion host

71
Q

What is Parameter store

A

Storage for configuration and secrets

72
Q

What are the 3 parameter types you can store in parameter store

A

String, StringList and SecureString

73
Q

What are some features of parameter store

A

It supports hierarchies and versioning

74
Q

What are the formats of data that can be store in parameter store

A

Plaintext and Ciphertext (integrates with KMS)

75
Q

What are Parameter Store public parameters

A

Parameters made available by aws, per region (eg latest AMI per region)

76
Q

Is parameter store public or private

A

Public

77
Q

What can permissions be associated with in parameter store

A

Tree hierarchy or specific parameters

78
Q

How does Parameter store handle encryption

A

KMS

79
Q

What can parameter store changes generate

A

Events

80
Q

What is Secrets Manager usable from

A

Console, CLI, API or SDK

81
Q

Which supports secret automatic rotation, Secrets Manager or PArameter store

A

Secrets Manager

82
Q

How does secret automatic location work in Secrets Manager

A

Using Lambda

83
Q

What are some features of Secrets Manager vs Parameter store

A

Secrets Manager is designed for secrets
It also directly integrates with some AWS products (RDS)

84
Q

What is EC2 on-demand

A

Multiple customers share hardware

85
Q

How are you billed for EC2 on-demand

A

Per second that the instance is running

86
Q

Do you have priority with on-demand

A

No, in case of big demand (major failure), people with reserved get priority

87
Q

What is spot pricing

A

AWS sells unused capacity at big discount, up to 90% discount
AWS sets price, customers set max they are willing to pay

88
Q

Should you use spot instances if your workload cannot tolerate interruptions

A

No

89
Q

Are you still billed for your unused reservation

A

Yes

90
Q

What are EC2 reservations defined by

A

Type of instance and AZ or region

91
Q

What happens if you lock an instance reservation to an AZ

A

You reserve capacity, but you can only take advantage in that AZ

92
Q

If you lock an EC2 reservation to a region, does it reserve capacity?

A

No

93
Q

What are the term lengths for reservation

A

1 or 3 year

94
Q

What is a dedicated host

A

You get a whole host
Hosts are designed for a famility of instances
Capacity management is required

95
Q

What is dedicated instances

A

You don’t own or share the host, but you have dedicated hardware
You don’t manage the host

96
Q

What are the limitations in terms of number of EC2 instances

A
  • On-demand: vCPU-based limit per region
  • Purchasing 20 reserved instances per region
  • Dynamic Spot limit per region for Spot instance requests
97
Q

What is AWS Nitro

A

The underlying platform for next generation of EC2 instances
Uses dedicated hardware for the hyervisors

98
Q

What instance types for general purpose

A

t-type
m-type

99
Q

Can you stop an Instance store-backed instance

A

No, you can only terminate it

100
Q

How do you give a static IPv4 address to an instance

A

Elastic IP addresses

101
Q

What OS are supported for instance hibernation

A

Amazon Linux
Ubuntu 18.04 LTS

102
Q

What is a requirement for hibernation

A

Encrypted EBS-backed instance

103
Q

What happens when an instance hibernates

A

Writes in-memory state to a file in root EBS

104
Q

What do you pay for in an hibernating instance

A

EBS Volumes and Elastic IPs

105
Q

What happens to attached EBS volume when an instance is terminated

A

Preserved by default

106
Q

How can you prevent accidental instance termination

A

Enable termination protection

107
Q

Is there such a thing as instance stop protection

A

Yes

108
Q

What can you do to a stopped instance

A

Modify properties, size, or update kernel

109
Q

What is included in an AMI

A

Template for root volume
Launch permissions
Block device mapping

110
Q

What are EC2 placement groups

A

They determine how instances are placed on underlying hardware

111
Q

What are the 3 options for placement groups

A

Cluster
Spread
Partition

112
Q

What is cluster placement group

A

It clusters instances into a low-latency group in a single AZ

113
Q

What is Spread placement group

A

Spreads instances across underlying hardware
Can span multiple AZs

114
Q

What is the max number of instance per AZ per group for cluster group

A

7

115
Q

What is partition placement group

A

Spread across logical partitions
Different partitions do not share hardware

116
Q

What is a use case for cluster placement group

A

Performance, fast speeds, low latency

117
Q

What is a use case for spread placement group

A

Small number of critical instances that need to be kept separated from each other

118
Q

What is the maximum number of EC2 partitions per AZ

A

7

119
Q

What is partition group great for

A

Topology-aware apps

120
Q

What is Elastic inference accelerators

A

Enable to attach low-cost GPU powered acceleration to EC2, Sagemaker instances and other resources

121
Q

Does ENI stay attached when stopping an instance

A

Yes

122
Q

Does Elastic IP detach after stopping instance

A

No

123
Q

Can underlying host change when stopping an restarting instance

A

Yes

124
Q

What are the 3 components of AWS Glue

A

Central Metadate Repository
ETL Engine
Flexible Scheduler

125
Q

What is the AWS Glue Data Catalog

A

Perisitent metadata store

126
Q

What is the crawler used for in AWS GLue

A

Populate AWS Glue Data Catalog with tables

127
Q

How does the crawler work in AWS Glue

A

Determine format, schema of raw data
Group data into tables or partitions
Write metadata to AWS Glue Data Catalog

128
Q

What is needed to use DynamoDB accelerator

A

Install DAX SDK on instance

129
Q

Does DAX change how apps interact with DynamoDB from the apps perspective

A

No

130
Q

How is DAX accessed

A

Via an endpoint
It load balances

131
Q

What is the architecture of DAX

A

Primary instance with replica in other AZs
Primary supports Write
Replicas support read

132
Q

Does DAX support write-through

A

Yes, on primary node

133
Q

Is DAX HA

A

Yes, if primary fails, we have a failover

134
Q

What kinds of scaling does DAX do

A

Up AND Out

135
Q

Is DAX a public service

A

No, it is deployed within a VPC

136
Q

Do you have to set autoscaling for Dynamodb

A

Yes

137
Q

What is capacity in DynamoDB

A

Speed

138
Q

What is on-demand mode for DynamoDB

A

You only pay for the operations

139
Q

What do you set when you use provisioned DynamoDB

A

RCU and WCU, they are KB per second of read or write

140
Q

What does Autoscaling do with DynamoDB

A

Dynamically adjusts the provisioned throughput capacity

141
Q

What is DynamoDB Global Tables

A

Multi-master cross-region replication

142
Q

Who wins conflict resolution with DynamoDB Global Tables

A

Last writer

143
Q

What is the speed of replicaiton for Global DynamoDB

A

GEnerally sub-second

144
Q

What is AWS Transit Gateway

A

A Network Transit Hub to connect VPCs to onprem networks

145
Q

What does Transit Gateway use

A

site-to-site vpns and DX

146
Q

What attachments are supported for AWS Transit Gateway

A

VPC
Site-to-Site VPN
Direct Connect Gateway

147
Q

How many VPN tunnels do you need from a Customer Gateway to a Transit Gateway to have HA

A

2

148
Q

Where do you configure VPC attachments for a Transit Gateway

A

One to a subnet in each AZ where service is required

149
Q

How can you connect to VPCs in another account or region with Transit Gateway

A

Peer to other transit gateway that belongs to another account or region

150
Q

When you peer Transit Gateways, where does traffic transit by

A

AWS Global Network, not public internet

151
Q

Does Transit Gateway support transitive routing

A

Yes
As long as appropriate routing is in place

152
Q

How can you share Transit Gateways between AWS accounts

A

Using RAM

153
Q

What does Transit Gateway do with regards to Multicast

A

It enables customers to have fine-grain control on who can consume and produce multicast traffic
Can maange multicast groups

154
Q

What are the 3 modes of storage gateway

A

Volume
-Cache
-Stored
Tape
File

155
Q

What is Storage Gateway Volume stored mode

A

It only uses AWS for backups

156
Q

What does AWS Storage gateway file mode do

A

It presents a file-based interface to S3

157
Q

How does Storage Gateway volume mode work

A

Uses volumes that have S3 snapshots

158
Q

What is Amazon DocumentDB

A

Fully managed document database
COmpatible with MongoDB

159
Q

If you can’t change the code and must use MongoDB, what should you use

A

DocumentDB

160
Q

What is Amazon Neptune

A

Graph database

161
Q

What is the Cluster endpoint in Aurora

A

AKA writer endpoint
Points to primary

162
Q

What is Aurora Parallel Query

A

Enables Aurora to push down and distribute computational load of a single query across thousands of CPUs in Aurora storage layer

163
Q

What are the 4 types of endpoints for Aurora

A

Cluster
Reader
Custom
Instance

164
Q

What is a custom endpoint in Aurora

A

It reprensts a set of instances you choose, and does load-balancing

165
Q

What is an instance endpoint in Aurora

A

Connects to a specific instance

166
Q

What can wildcard certificates handle

A

Syb-domains

167
Q

When should you use dedicaeed IP custom ssl

A

For browsers that do not support SNI

168
Q
A

AWS SAA-C03 (18 decks)

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