TD 23

Question 1

Mast Bumping

Answer 1

Land as soon as POSSIBLE.

Land without delay to the nearest suitable area (i.e. open field) in which a safe approach and landing is reasonably assured. (The primary consideration is to ensure the survival of the occupants.)

Question 2

Loss of Tail Rotor Effectiveness I

Answer 2

This is a situation involving a loss of effective tail rotor thrust without a break in the drive system which cannot be stopped with full left pedal application. If LTE is experienced, simultaneously:
Pedal - Full Left
Cyclic - Forward
As recovery is affected, adjust controls for normal flight.
WARNING
Collective relocation will aid in arresting the yaw rate; however, if a rate of descent has been established, collective reduction may increase the rate of descent to an excessive value. The resultant large and rapid increase in collective to prevent ground or obstacle contact may further increase the yaw rate, decrease the rotor RPM and cause an over torque and/or over temperature condition. Therefore, the decision to reduce collective must be based on the pilot assessment of the attitude available for recovery.
If spin cannot be stopped and crash is imminent, an autorotation may be the best course of action. Maintain full left pedal until the spin stops, then adjust to maintain heading.

Question 3

Chapter 5 Control Movement

Answer 3

CAUTION
For gross weights greater than 3,000 LBS and density altitudes greater than sea level, the directional control margin may be significantly reduced while hovering in winds from the right greater than 20 knots or for right sideward flight at speeds greater than 20 knots.

Abrupt control movements, including rapid and repetitive anti-torque pedals reversals are prohibited to avoid excessive stresses in the structure. This restriction in one way limits normal control application.

Question 4

Spatial Disorientation

Answer 4

Definition - (PAM) Pilot’s erroneous perception of his Position, Attitude, and Motion in relation to gradational vertical and the Earth’s surface.

Types of Spatial Disorientation
Type I - Unrecognized (Height-Depth) (Most Dangerous)
Type II - Recognized (The Leans)
Type III - Incapacitating (Coriolos Illusion)

Prevention of Spatial Disorientation 
(Never Never Avoid Trust) 
Never fly VMC and IMC 
Never fly w/o visual reference points 
Avoid stressors (FHASH) fatigue, hypoxia, anxiety, smoking, hypoglycemia 
Trust your instruments