tcp ip Flashcards
1
Q
Why was the OSI model developed?
A
Standards were needed to allow any two systems to communicate.
2
Q
What model shows how the network functions of a computer ought to be organized?
A
OSI model
3
Q
The physical layer is concerned with the ____
A
The movement of bits over the physical medium
4
Q
How many layers are in the OSI model?
A
7
5
Q
As a data packet moves from the lower to the upper layers, headers are ____?
A
removed
6
Q
When data is transmitted from device A to device B, the header from A’s layer 5 is read by B’s _____ layer.
A
session
7
Q
Which layer functions as a liaison between user support layers and network support layers?
A
transport layer
8
Q
what is the main function of the transport layer?
A
process-to-process message delivery
9
Q
encryption and decryption are functions of which layer
A
presentation layer
10
Q
what are examples of an application layer service?
A
network virtual terminal
file transfer, access, and management
mail service
11
Q
When a host on network A sends a message to a host on network B, which address does the router look at?
A
logical
12
Q
What layer is responsible for moving frames from one hop (node) to the next
A
data link layer
13
Q
What layer adds a header to the packet coming from the upper layer that includes the logical addresses of the sender and receiver?
A
network layer
14
Q
What layer is responsible for the delivery of a message from one process to another
A
transport layer
15
Q
What does TCP provide?
A
full transport layer services to applications
16
Q
The ____ address is the address of a node as defined by its LAN or WAN
A
physical address
17
Q
Ethernet uses a physical address that is imprinted on the NIC….
How many bytes is the address
A
6 bytes
18
Q
07:01:02:01:2C:4B is an example of what?
A
Ethernet physical address
19
Q
A port address in TCP/IP is how many bits long?
A
16 bits
20
Q
Frame Relay operates in what layer?
A
Physical and data link layers
21
Q
Which ATM layer has a 53-byte cell as an end product
A
ATM
22
Q
IP protocal uses the ____ sublayer
A
AAL5
23
Q
Repeaters function in the ____ layer
A
physical layer
24
Q
bridges function in the ___ layer
A
physical and data link layer
25
Routers function in the ___ layers
physical, data link, and network layer
26
_____ has a higher transmission rate in the downstream direction than the upstream direction
ADSL
27
___ is suitable for businesses that require comparable upstream and downstream data rates
SDSL
28
___ was designed as an alternative to T-1 line
HDSL
29
In an ESS the ____ station is mobile
BSS
30
In an ESS the ___ stations are port of a wired LAN
AP
31
SONET is a standard for ___ networks
fiber-optic cable
32
What is PPP?
| PPP is a ___ layer protocol
point-to-point protocol
physical and data link
it is used to establish a connection between 2 nodes
33
When the internet started, it was decided to make the network layer a ___ service to make it simple
connectionless
34
in a connectionless service, each packet is forwarded based on the
destination address
35
In a connection-oriented service, each packet is forwarded based on the ___
label
36
In a ___ service, there is a relation between all packets belong to a message
conection-oriented
37
In ___, the whole packet is sent from the source to the destination without being divided into packets
circuit-switching
38
in ___, the message is first divided into manageable packets before being sent
circuit-switching
39
___ control means including a mechanism for detecting corrupted, lost, or duplicate packets
error control
40
___ control means regulating the amount of data a source can send without overwhelming the destination
flow control
41
___ control in a network means handling a situation in which too many packets are present in an area of the internet
congestion control
42
a ___ packet is a special packet that can be sent from a router to the sender when the router encounters a congestion
choke packet
43
a ___ is a program providing services to the ____ program
server program provides service to a client program
44
a ___ is a program requesting services from a ___
client program requests services from a server
45
___ server can process only one request at a time
an iterative server
46
___ server can process multiple requests at a time
concurrent server
47
an interface is a set of ___ designed to facilitate interaction between two entities
an interface is a set of instructions designed to facilitate interaction between 2 entities
48
information in a computer is stored in ___ byte order
host byte order
49
network programming needs information to be in ___ byte order
network byte order
50
in ___ representation, the least significant byte is stored in the starting address
little-endian
51
in ___ representation, the most significant byte is stored in the starting address
big-endian
52
communication using UDP is usually ___
connectionless and iterative
53
communication using TCP is usually ___
connection-oriented and concurrent
54
SOCK_STREAM sockets are used by ____ processes
TCP processes
55
SOCK_DGRAM sockets are used by ___ processes
UDP processes
56
SOCK_SEQPACKET sockets are used by ____ processes
SCTP processes
57
____ is a repository of information linked together from points all over the world
The WWW
58
The WWW today is a ___ client-server service, in which a client using a browser can access a service using a server
distributed service
59
What is a standard for specifying any kind of information on the internet
URL
60
in a URL, the ___ is the client-server program used to retrieve the document
protocol
61
in a URL, an optional ___ can be inserted between the host and the path, and it is separated from the host by a colon
port ???
62
In a URL, the ___ is the full name of the file where the information is located
path
63
a ___ document is a fixed-content document that is created and stored in a server.... the client can get a copy of the document only
static document
64
A language for creating web pages
HTML
65
a ___ document is created by a web server whenever a browser requests the document
dynamic document
66
___ is a technology that creates and handles dynamic documents
CGI
67
dynamic documents are sometimes referred to as ___ dynamic docuemnts
server-site
68
For many applications, we need a program or a script to be run at the client site.... these are called ____ documents
active documents
69
What is one way to create an active document
java applets
70
HTTP uses the services of ___ on well-known port 80
TCP
71
in HTTP, the first line in a request message is called a ___ line
the first line in the response message is called the ___ line
header line and status line
72
in a ___ connection, one TCP connection is made for each request/response
nonpersistant
73
in a ___ connection, the server leaves the connection open for more requests after sending a response
persistant
74
in HTTP, a ___ server is a computer that keeps copies of responses to recent requests
proxy
75
An HTTP request message always contains ___
a request line and a header
76
Which of the following is present in both an HTTP request line and a status line?
HTTP version number
77
the HTTP request line contains a ___ method to request a document from the server
GET
78
A user needs to send the server some information. The request line method is ____
POST
79
The HTTP request line contains a ___ method to get information about a document without retrieving the document itself
HEAD
80
A response message always contains ___
a status line and a header
81
an applet is ___ document application program
an active document application program
82
When the sender and the receiver of an email are on the same system, we need only ____
two UAs
83
When the sender and receiver of an email are on different systems, we need only ___
two UAs and one pair of MTAs
84
When the sender is connected to the mail server via a LAN or a WAN, we need only
two UAs and two pairs of MTAs
85
When both sender and receiver are connected to a mail server via a LAN or WAN, we need ____
two UAs, two pairs of MTAs, and a pair of MAAs
86
___ provides service to the user to make the process of sending and receiving a message easier
UA
87
What services are not provided by an UA
composing messages, reading messages, replying messages
88
what are the two types of user agents?
command-driven and GUI based
89
the ___ usually contains the sender address, the receiver address, and other information
envelope
90
The message contains the ___ and the ___
header and body
91
in the Internet, the email address consists of two parts: a ___ and ___
local part; domain name
92
___ is a supplementary protocol that allows non-ASCII data to be sent through email
MIME
93
The actual mail transfer is done through ___
MTAs
94
the formal protocol that defines the MTA client and server in the Internet is called
SMTP
95
SMTP is a ___ protocol
push protocol
96
The 3rd stage in an email transfer needs a ___ protocol
pull protocol
97
the 3rd stage in an email transfer uses a __ protocol
MAA protocol
98
currently 2 message access protocols are available: ___ and ___
POP3; IMAP4
99
Which part of the mail created by the UA contains the sender and receiver names
header
100
In the __ encoding scheme, 24 bits become 4 characters, and eventually are sent as 32 bits
base64 encoding scheme
101
The command identifies the recipient of the mail
RCPT TO
102
The command identifies the sender of the message
MAIL FROM
103
___ is moreo powerful and complex than ____
IMAP4 is more powerful than POP3
104
___ is the standard mechanism provided by TCP/IP for copying a file from one host to another
FTP
105
FTP uses the services of ___
TCP
106
in FTP, the well known port ___ is used for the control connection and port ___ for data connection
21 is used for control
20 is used for data
107
In FTP, ___ is the service type used by the IP protocol because this is an interactive connection between a user and server
minimize delay
108
For control connection, FTP uses the __ character set
NVT ASCII
109
During an FTP session the control connection is opened ___
exactly once
110
During an FTP session the data connection is opened ___
as many times as necessary
111
In FTP, a file can be organized into records, pages, or a stream of bytes.
These are types of an attribute called ___
data structures
112
In FTP, there are 3 types of transmission modes:
stream, block, and compressed
113
in FTP, ASCII, EBCDIC, and image define an attribute called ___
file type
114
In FTP, which category of commands is used to store and retrieve files?
file transfer commands
115
In FTP, which category of commands defines the port number for the data connection on the client site
port defining commands
116
In FTP, which category of commands sets the attributes (file type, data structure, and transmission mode) of a file to be transferred?
data formatting commands
117
In FTP, which category of commands lets a user switch directories and create/delete directories
file management commands
118
In FTP, when we ___, it is copied from the client to the server
store a file
119
TFTP uses the service of ____
UDP
120
in TFTP, what type of message is sent in response to an RRQ that fails to establish a connection
ERROR
121
in TFTP, what type of message is sent to establish a connection to retrieve a file?
RRQ
122
in TFTP, which type of message is always a set number of bytes
ACK
123
in TFTP, a connection is terminated with a ___ block
DATA
124
An unauthorized user tries to send a file to a server using TFTP... What should be the response of the server?
ERROR
125
in TFTP, the block number on a DATA message is 22. This always means ___
There were 21 previous blocks
126
in TFTP, connection termination is signaled by a DATA message with ___ bytes
0 bytes or 511 bytes
127
The flow-control mechanism in TFTP _____
requires an ACK for every DATA message
128
In TFTP, if a duplicate DATA message is received, ___
the receiver discards the duplicate
