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Networking > tcp ip > Flashcards

tcp ip Flashcards

1
Q

Why was the OSI model developed?

A

Standards were needed to allow any two systems to communicate.

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2
Q

What model shows how the network functions of a computer ought to be organized?

A

OSI model

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3
Q

The physical layer is concerned with the ____

A

The movement of bits over the physical medium

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4
Q

How many layers are in the OSI model?

A

7

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5
Q

As a data packet moves from the lower to the upper layers, headers are ____?

A

removed

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6
Q

When data is transmitted from device A to device B, the header from A’s layer 5 is read by B’s _____ layer.

A

session

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7
Q

Which layer functions as a liaison between user support layers and network support layers?

A

transport layer

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8
Q

what is the main function of the transport layer?

A

process-to-process message delivery

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9
Q

encryption and decryption are functions of which layer

A

presentation layer

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10
Q

what are examples of an application layer service?

A

network virtual terminal

file transfer, access, and management

mail service

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11
Q

When a host on network A sends a message to a host on network B, which address does the router look at?

A

logical

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12
Q

What layer is responsible for moving frames from one hop (node) to the next

A

data link layer

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13
Q

What layer adds a header to the packet coming from the upper layer that includes the logical addresses of the sender and receiver?

A

network layer

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14
Q

What layer is responsible for the delivery of a message from one process to another

A

transport layer

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15
Q

What does TCP provide?

A

full transport layer services to applications

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16
Q

The ____ address is the address of a node as defined by its LAN or WAN

A

physical address

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17
Q

Ethernet uses a physical address that is imprinted on the NIC….

How many bytes is the address

A

6 bytes

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18
Q

07:01:02:01:2C:4B is an example of what?

A

Ethernet physical address

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19
Q

A port address in TCP/IP is how many bits long?

A

16 bits

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20
Q

Frame Relay operates in what layer?

A

Physical and data link layers

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21
Q

Which ATM layer has a 53-byte cell as an end product

A

ATM

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22
Q

IP protocal uses the ____ sublayer

A

AAL5

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23
Q

Repeaters function in the ____ layer

A

physical layer

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24
Q

bridges function in the ___ layer

A

physical and data link layer

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25
Q

Routers function in the ___ layers

A

physical, data link, and network layer

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26
Q

_____ has a higher transmission rate in the downstream direction than the upstream direction

A

ADSL

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27
Q

___ is suitable for businesses that require comparable upstream and downstream data rates

A

SDSL

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28
Q

___ was designed as an alternative to T-1 line

A

HDSL

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29
Q

In an ESS the ____ station is mobile

A

BSS

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30
Q

In an ESS the ___ stations are port of a wired LAN

A

AP

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31
Q

SONET is a standard for ___ networks

A

fiber-optic cable

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32
Q

What is PPP?

PPP is a ___ layer protocol

A

point-to-point protocol

physical and data link

it is used to establish a connection between 2 nodes

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33
Q

When the internet started, it was decided to make the network layer a ___ service to make it simple

A

connectionless

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34
Q

in a connectionless service, each packet is forwarded based on the

A

destination address

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35
Q

In a connection-oriented service, each packet is forwarded based on the ___

A

label

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36
Q

In a ___ service, there is a relation between all packets belong to a message

A

conection-oriented

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37
Q

In ___, the whole packet is sent from the source to the destination without being divided into packets

A

circuit-switching

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38
Q

in ___, the message is first divided into manageable packets before being sent

A

circuit-switching

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39
Q

___ control means including a mechanism for detecting corrupted, lost, or duplicate packets

A

error control

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40
Q

___ control means regulating the amount of data a source can send without overwhelming the destination

A

flow control

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41
Q

___ control in a network means handling a situation in which too many packets are present in an area of the internet

A

congestion control

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42
Q

a ___ packet is a special packet that can be sent from a router to the sender when the router encounters a congestion

A

choke packet

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43
Q

a ___ is a program providing services to the ____ program

A

server program provides service to a client program

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44
Q

a ___ is a program requesting services from a ___

A

client program requests services from a server

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45
Q

___ server can process only one request at a time

A

an iterative server

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46
Q

___ server can process multiple requests at a time

A

concurrent server

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47
Q

an interface is a set of ___ designed to facilitate interaction between two entities

A

an interface is a set of instructions designed to facilitate interaction between 2 entities

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48
Q

information in a computer is stored in ___ byte order

A

host byte order

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49
Q

network programming needs information to be in ___ byte order

A

network byte order

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50
Q

in ___ representation, the least significant byte is stored in the starting address

A

little-endian

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51
Q

in ___ representation, the most significant byte is stored in the starting address

A

big-endian

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52
Q

communication using UDP is usually ___

A

connectionless and iterative

53
Q

communication using TCP is usually ___

A

connection-oriented and concurrent

54
Q

SOCK_STREAM sockets are used by ____ processes

A

TCP processes

55
Q

SOCK_DGRAM sockets are used by ___ processes

A

UDP processes

56
Q

SOCK_SEQPACKET sockets are used by ____ processes

A

SCTP processes

57
Q

____ is a repository of information linked together from points all over the world

A

The WWW

58
Q

The WWW today is a ___ client-server service, in which a client using a browser can access a service using a server

A

distributed service

59
Q

What is a standard for specifying any kind of information on the internet

A

URL

60
Q

in a URL, the ___ is the client-server program used to retrieve the document

A

protocol

61
Q

in a URL, an optional ___ can be inserted between the host and the path, and it is separated from the host by a colon

A

port ???

62
Q

In a URL, the ___ is the full name of the file where the information is located

A

path

63
Q

a ___ document is a fixed-content document that is created and stored in a server…. the client can get a copy of the document only

A

static document

64
Q

A language for creating web pages

A

HTML

65
Q

a ___ document is created by a web server whenever a browser requests the document

A

dynamic document

66
Q

___ is a technology that creates and handles dynamic documents

A

CGI

67
Q

dynamic documents are sometimes referred to as ___ dynamic docuemnts

A

server-site

68
Q

For many applications, we need a program or a script to be run at the client site…. these are called ____ documents

A

active documents

69
Q

What is one way to create an active document

A

java applets

70
Q

HTTP uses the services of ___ on well-known port 80

A

TCP

71
Q

in HTTP, the first line in a request message is called a ___ line

the first line in the response message is called the ___ line

A

header line and status line

72
Q

in a ___ connection, one TCP connection is made for each request/response

A

nonpersistant

73
Q

in a ___ connection, the server leaves the connection open for more requests after sending a response

A

persistant

74
Q

in HTTP, a ___ server is a computer that keeps copies of responses to recent requests

A

proxy

75
Q

An HTTP request message always contains ___

A

a request line and a header

76
Q

Which of the following is present in both an HTTP request line and a status line?

A

HTTP version number

77
Q

the HTTP request line contains a ___ method to request a document from the server

A

GET

78
Q

A user needs to send the server some information. The request line method is ____

A

POST

79
Q

The HTTP request line contains a ___ method to get information about a document without retrieving the document itself

A

HEAD

80
Q

A response message always contains ___

A

a status line and a header

81
Q

an applet is ___ document application program

A

an active document application program

82
Q

When the sender and the receiver of an email are on the same system, we need only ____

A

two UAs

83
Q

When the sender and receiver of an email are on different systems, we need only ___

A

two UAs and one pair of MTAs

84
Q

When the sender is connected to the mail server via a LAN or a WAN, we need only

A

two UAs and two pairs of MTAs

85
Q

When both sender and receiver are connected to a mail server via a LAN or WAN, we need ____

A

two UAs, two pairs of MTAs, and a pair of MAAs

86
Q

___ provides service to the user to make the process of sending and receiving a message easier

A

UA

87
Q

What services are not provided by an UA

A

composing messages, reading messages, replying messages

88
Q

what are the two types of user agents?

A

command-driven and GUI based

89
Q

the ___ usually contains the sender address, the receiver address, and other information

A

envelope

90
Q

The message contains the ___ and the ___

A

header and body

91
Q

in the Internet, the email address consists of two parts: a ___ and ___

A

local part; domain name

92
Q

___ is a supplementary protocol that allows non-ASCII data to be sent through email

A

MIME

93
Q

The actual mail transfer is done through ___

A

MTAs

94
Q

the formal protocol that defines the MTA client and server in the Internet is called

A

SMTP

95
Q

SMTP is a ___ protocol

A

push protocol

96
Q

The 3rd stage in an email transfer needs a ___ protocol

A

pull protocol

97
Q

the 3rd stage in an email transfer uses a __ protocol

A

MAA protocol

98
Q

currently 2 message access protocols are available: ___ and ___

A

POP3; IMAP4

99
Q

Which part of the mail created by the UA contains the sender and receiver names

A

header

100
Q

In the __ encoding scheme, 24 bits become 4 characters, and eventually are sent as 32 bits

A

base64 encoding scheme

101
Q

The command identifies the recipient of the mail

A

RCPT TO

102
Q

The command identifies the sender of the message

A

MAIL FROM

103
Q

___ is moreo powerful and complex than ____

A

IMAP4 is more powerful than POP3

104
Q

___ is the standard mechanism provided by TCP/IP for copying a file from one host to another

A

FTP

105
Q

FTP uses the services of ___

A

TCP

106
Q

in FTP, the well known port ___ is used for the control connection and port ___ for data connection

A

21 is used for control

20 is used for data

107
Q

In FTP, ___ is the service type used by the IP protocol because this is an interactive connection between a user and server

A

minimize delay

108
Q

For control connection, FTP uses the __ character set

A

NVT ASCII

109
Q

During an FTP session the control connection is opened ___

A

exactly once

110
Q

During an FTP session the data connection is opened ___

A

as many times as necessary

111
Q

In FTP, a file can be organized into records, pages, or a stream of bytes.

These are types of an attribute called ___

A

data structures

112
Q

In FTP, there are 3 types of transmission modes:

A

stream, block, and compressed

113
Q

in FTP, ASCII, EBCDIC, and image define an attribute called ___

A

file type

114
Q

In FTP, which category of commands is used to store and retrieve files?

A

file transfer commands

115
Q

In FTP, which category of commands defines the port number for the data connection on the client site

A

port defining commands

116
Q

In FTP, which category of commands sets the attributes (file type, data structure, and transmission mode) of a file to be transferred?

A

data formatting commands

117
Q

In FTP, which category of commands lets a user switch directories and create/delete directories

A

file management commands

118
Q

In FTP, when we ___, it is copied from the client to the server

A

store a file

119
Q

TFTP uses the service of ____

A

UDP

120
Q

in TFTP, what type of message is sent in response to an RRQ that fails to establish a connection

A

ERROR

121
Q

in TFTP, what type of message is sent to establish a connection to retrieve a file?

A

RRQ

122
Q

in TFTP, which type of message is always a set number of bytes

A

ACK

123
Q

in TFTP, a connection is terminated with a ___ block

A

DATA

124
Q

An unauthorized user tries to send a file to a server using TFTP… What should be the response of the server?

A

ERROR

125
Q

in TFTP, the block number on a DATA message is 22. This always means ___

A

There were 21 previous blocks

126
Q

in TFTP, connection termination is signaled by a DATA message with ___ bytes

A

0 bytes or 511 bytes

127
Q

The flow-control mechanism in TFTP _____

A

requires an ACK for every DATA message

128
Q

In TFTP, if a duplicate DATA message is received, ___

A

the receiver discards the duplicate

Networking (3 decks)

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