TCM THEORY - SYNDROMES

Question 1

How would you treat Heart Qi Deficiency?

Answer 1

Tonify Heart Qi
TONIFICATION

Question 2

What is the pathology and aetiology for Heart Qi Deficiency?

Answer 2

Pathology: Palpitation/ awareness of the heartbeat occurs when the Heart qi is not strong enough to adequately pump blood. Other symptoms due to general qi deficiency. Spontaneous sweating is due to Wei qi not holding in fluids. Shortness of breath is due to weak Zong qi impairing respiration. Lassitude is due to the deficient qi failing to transform and transport properly, thereby not sufficiently nourishing all the other organs of the body.

Aetiology: a) Blood loss. b) Emotional problems (especially lack of joy or sadness). c) Chronic
illness.

Question 3

Key symptoms:
Palpitations/ awareness of heartbeat which is worse during the day, when tired or on exertion, tiredness, shortness of breath on exertion
Other symptoms: pale face, lassitude, inappropriate joy or lack of joy, spontaneous sweating

Pulse: deficient, especially in front, left position
Tongue body: pale or normal

Answer 3

Heart Qi deficiency

Question 4

Key symptoms: Palpitations/awareness of the heartbeat which is worse when tired, cold or on exertion, feeling cold, spiritual fatigue, shortness of breath on exertion.
Accompanying symptoms: Spontaneous sweating, bright white complexion, slightly dark lips, mild
stuffy feeling in heart area, cold hands.

Pulse: Deep, Weak, especially front left position, and Slow. Knotted in severe cases.
Tongue Body: Pale, Wet, Swollen.

Answer 4

Heart Yang Deficiency

Question 5

What is the pathology and aetiology for Heart Yang Deficiency?

Answer 5

Heart Qi Deficiency symptoms (as Qi is part of Yang). Feeling of cold and cold hands are
due to Heart Yang not transporting Blood to extremeties to warm them. Mild stuffy feeling in chest is
due to Heart Yang failing to move Qi leading to Qi stagnation in chest. Lips may be slightly dark
because deficient Yang fails to move Qi and Blood which leads to slight Blood stasis.

Aetiology: a) Emotional problems (especially lack of joy or sadness). b) Chronic illness. c) Kidney-
Yang Deficiency. d) Heavy blood loss.

Question 6

How would you treat Heart Yang Deficiency?

Answer 6

Tonify and Warm Heart Yang.
TONIFICATION

Question 7

Key symptoms: Insomnia (difficulty falling asleep), poor memory, anxiety, easily startled.
Accompanying symptoms: Palpitations/awareness of the heartbeat which is worse during the
afternoon and evening and when at rest and when anxious, dizziness, dull pale complexion, pale lips,
feeling uneasy.

Pulse: Thin or Choppy, especially front left position.
Tongue Body: Pale, Dry. May be Thin in severe cases.

Answer 7

Heart Blood Deficiency

Question 8

What is the pathology and aetiology for Heart Blood deficiency?

Answer 8

Pathology: Insomnia, anxiety, easily startled and poor memory due to Shen being deprived of its ‘residence’. In cases of Heart Blood Deficiency the Heart Qi is not rooted, causing
palpitations/awareness of the heartbeat. Dizziness is caused by the Blood not nourishing the brain.

Aetiology: a) Poor diet – irregular eating habits and not enough Blood nourishing foods. b) Anxiety
and worry. c). Heavy blood loss.

Question 9

How would you treat Heart Blood Deficiency?

Answer 9

Nourish Heart Blood. Pacify Shen.
TONIFICATION

Question 10

Key symptoms: Palpitations/awareness of the heartbeat which gets worse as the day goes on and
during the night and when at rest, insomnia (waking up during the night), feeling of heat (hot and
bothered), easily startled, poor memory, anxiety.
Accompanying symptoms: Dream-disturbed sleep, mental restlessness, fidgeting, malar flush, feeling
of heat in the afternoon and evening, night sweats, dry mouth and throat, 5-palm heat.

Pulse: Floating, Empty, esp front-left position and Rapid.
Tongue Body: Red tip; partially Peeled, or Peeled; possibly Mid-line Crack reaching to the tip.

Answer 10

Heart Yin Deficiency

Question 11

What is the pathology and aetiology for Heart Yin Deficiency?

Answer 11

Pathology: Heart Yin Deficiency includes Heart Blood Deficiency (Blood is a part of Yin) leading to
symptoms of Shen disturbance such as insomnia, dream-disturbed sleep, easily startled, poor memory,
anxiety. Malar flush, five-palm heat and feeling of heat are due to Empty Heat which arises from long-
standing Yin Deficiency.
Aetiology: a) Long-standing anxiety and worry. b) Overwork - always on the go. b) After effect of
external attack of Heat. c) May stem from Kidney Yin Deficiency (as deficient Kidney Yin cannot rise
to nourish and cool the Heart).

Question 12

How would you treat Heart Yin Deficiency?

Answer 12

Nourish Heart Yin. Nourish Kidney Yin if necessary. Clear Empty Heat (if
necessary). Pacify Shen.

TONIFICATION

Question 13

Key symptoms: Strong palpitations/awareness of the heartbeat which tends to be worse when
agitated, pronounced mental restless, panic attacks, agitation, insomnia, dream-disturbed sleep.
Accompanying symptoms: Thirst, mouth and tongue ulcers which are red and painful, bitter taste
after a bad night’s sleep, red face, feels hot, in severe cases dark urine or blood in urine.

Pulse: Full, Overflowing, especially front left position, Rapid.
Tongue Body: Red, Redder tip with Red Spots. May be a Midline Crack reaching the tip.
Tongue Coat: Yellow.

Answer 13

Heart Fire Blazing

Question 14

What is the pathology and aetiology for Heart Fire Blazing?

Answer 14

Pathology: Symptoms of Heat are thirst, red face and feeling hot. Mental restlessness and dream-
disturbed sleep are due to Heat in the Heart disturbing the Shen. Ulcers due to Heat rising up to the
tongue from the Heart. Heart opens into the tongue and controls taste therefore Heat may lead to a
bitter taste. Heart Fire transfers to Small Intestine, and then Bladder, causing urinary symptoms.

Aetiology: a) Emotional problems, especially chronic anxiety, worry or depression. b) Poor diet –
excessive consumption of spicy foods and alcohol. c) Recreational drugs d) Transferred from Liver
Fire.

Question 15

How would you treat Heart Fire Blazing?

Answer 15

Clear Heart Fire. Pacify Shen.
EVEN OR REDUCTION

Question 16

There is a spectrum of signs and symptoms found in people with this syndrome and we will
more commonly see patients who are less extreme.

Key symptoms:
Palpitations/awareness of the heartbeat which may be worse when agitated, mental restlessness and
agitation, sometimes alternating with depression and dullness, confusion.

Accompanying symptoms:
In severe cases: Manic behaviour, incessant talking, over activity. red face, dream-disturbed sleep, bitter
taste, thirst, feeling of oppression in the chest, expectoration of phlegm, rattling sound in the throat.
In less severe cases: Joy seems out of context, a tendency to be a bit ‘up’, some insomnia and slight
agitation.

Pulse: Full, Slippery, Wiry or Overflowing, especially in front left position, and Rapid.
Tongue Body: Red, Swollen, may be a deep Midline Crack which reaches to the tip.
Tongue Coat: Yellow, Sticky. Thickness of coating depends on severity

Answer 16

Phlegm-Fire Harassing the Heart

Question 17

What is the pathology and aetiology of Phlegm Fire Harassing the Heart

Answer 17

Pathology: All symptoms due to Fire and/or Phlegm. Mental symptoms due to the Heart orifices
being obstructed by Phlegm, resulting in no resting place for the Shen. Phlegm derives from deficient
Spleen Qi being unable to transform and transport fluids, which accumulate into Phlegm. Interior Heat
facilitates this process by condensing fluids. Other symptoms due to Fire in the Heart. Phlegm leads to
lack of clarity and Heat to manic behaviour.

Aetiology: a) Severe emotional problems. b) Poor diet - too much hot greasy food.

Question 18

How would you treat Phlegm Fire Harassing the Heart

Answer 18

Clear Heart Fire. Resolve Phlegm. Pacify Shen. Open the Heart’s orifices.
EVEN OR REDUCTION

Question 19

There is a spectrum of signs and symptoms found in people with this syndrome and we will
more commonly see patients who are less extreme.

Key symptoms:
In severe: cases: Very dull eyes, confusion, consciousness diminished and severe depression.
In less severe: cases: Doesn’t think clearly, poor chain of thoughts, may be slightly depressed.

Accompanying symptoms: Palpitations/awareness of the heartbeat.
In severe cases rattling sound in throat, incoherent speech or aphasia, heavy feeling chest,
unconsciousness, lethargic stupor, vomiting of phlegm.
In less extreme cases, inert or deadened, going blank.

Pulse: Slippery, especially front left position.
Tongue Body: Swollen, Midline Crack reaching the tip.
Tongue Coat: Thick, Sticky. . Thickness of coating depends on severity

Answer 19

Phlegm Misting the Heart

Question 20

What is the pathology and aetiology of Phlegm Misting the Heart?

Answer 20

Pathology: All symptoms due to Phlegm (no Fire symptoms). Heart opens into the tongue and
Phlegm prevents the tongue from moving causing aphasia. Phlegm obstructs the Heart orifices causing
mental symptoms. Vomiting and rattling sound in the throat caused by Phlegm obstructing the chest.
There is normally a background of Spleen Qi Deficiency which contributes to the formation of Phlegm.

Aetiology: a) Children – constitutional. b) Adults – i) Poor diet - excess cold, greasy, raw food ii)
long-standing emotional problems. c) May occur after an attack of Wind-stroke.

Question 21

How would you treat Phlegm Harassing the Heart?

Answer 21

Treatment Principles: Open the Heart’s Orifices. Resolve Phlegm. If necessary restore
Consciousness.

EVEN OR REDUCTION

Question 22

Key symptoms: Stabbing or pricking pain in heart region which may radiate to inside left arm or to
shoulder, pain comes in bouts and is elicited by exertion or cold weather.

Accompanying symptoms: Strong palpitations/awareness of the heartbeat, stuffiness, discomfort,
oppression or constriction of chest, cyanosis of lips and nails, cold hands.

Pulse: Knotted, Choppy or Wiry, especially front left position.
Tongue Body: Purple.

Answer 22

Heart Blood Stagnation

Question 23

What is the pathology and aetiology of Heart Blood Stagnation?

Answer 23

Pathology: Arises from other Heart patterns, usually Heart Yang Deficiency or Heart Blood
Deficiency. Symptoms will vary according to underlying patterns. If Heart Yang is deficient, it fails to
move Blood which stagnates and causes pain and constriction. Cyanosis of lips and nails and cold
hands are due to stagnant Heart Blood not reaching the face and hands.

Aetiology: a) Long-term emotional problems, particularly anxiety, grief or worry. d) Long term
overwork. c) Heart Yang Deficiency. d) Heart Blood Deficiency.

Question 24

How would you treat Heart Blood stagnation?

Answer 24

Regulate Blood. Tonify and Warm Heart Yang or nourish Heart Blood. Pacify
Shen.

During an attack – Reduction.
Between attacks – Even or Tonification.

Question 25

Key symptoms: Tiredness, loose stools, undigested food in the stools, poor or abnormal appetite.

Accompanying symptoms: Abdominal distension after eating, lassitude, desire to lie down, pale
complexion, weakness of limbs, inappropriate sympathy, over-thinking and worry.

Pulse: Deficient, especially right, middle position.
Tongue Body: Pale or Normal, Quivering, Swollen. If chronic, sides may have transverse
cracks.

Answer 25

Spleen Qi Deficiency

Question 26

What is the pathology and aetiology of Spleen Qi Deficiency?

Answer 26

Pathology: Digestive symptoms are due to breakdown of Spleen’s Transformation and
Transportation (T & T) function. The Spleen failing to transport Food Qi (Gu Qi) to the 4 limbs causes
them to be weak. The Spleen also transports Food Qi (Gu Qi) throughout the body. Hence tiredness,
lassitude and desire to lie down therefore result when Spleen Qi is weak.

Aetiology: a) Poor diet – too much raw and/or damp-forming food, and irregular eating habits. b)
Mental strain and over-thinking. c) Damp environment. d) Chronic illness.

Question 27

How would you treat Spleen Qi Deficiency?

Answer 27

Treatment Principle: Tonify Spleen Qi.
TONIFCATION

Question 28

Key symptoms: Tiredness, loose stools, undigested food in the stools, poor or abnormal appetite,
feeling cold.

Accompanying symptoms: Oedema, desire to lie down curled up, cold limbs, tendency to obesity,
spiritual fatigue.

Pulse: Deep, Weak, especially right, middle position, Slow.
Tongue Body: Pale, Wet, Swollen.

Answer 28

Spleen Yang Deficiency

Question 29

What is the pathology and aetiology for Spleen Yang Deficiency?

Answer 29

Pathology: Spleen Qi Deficiency PLUS Yang Deficiency. Digestive symptoms are due to breakdown of Spleen’s transformation and transportation (T & T) function. The Spleen failing to transport Food Qi (Gu Qi) to the 4 limbs causes them to be weak. The Spleen also transports Food Qi (Gu Qi) throughout the body. Hence tiredness, lassitude and desire to lie down result when Spleen Qi is weak. Feeling cold and cold limbs are due to the failure of Spleen Yang to warm the body. Oedema is due to a breakdown
in the T & T function of the Spleen – fluids which are not transformed may accumulate under the skin as oedema. Tendency to obesity is also due to a breakdown in the T & T function of the Spleen, which may lead to a build up of fluids in the form of Dampness.

Aetiology: a) Poor diet – too much raw and/or damp-forming food, and irregular eating habits. b)
Mental strain and over-thinking. c) Damp and cold environment. d) Chronic illness.

Question 30

How would you treat Spleen Yang Deficiency?

Answer 30

Tonify and Warm Spleen Yang.

TONIFICATION

Question 31

Key symptoms: Tiredness, loose stools, undigested food in the stools, poor or abnormal appetite,
bearing down sensation in abdomen.

Accompanying symptoms: Prolapse of stomach, uterus, anus or vagina, frequent/urgent urination,
menorrhagia.

Pulse: Deficient, especially right, middle position.
Tongue Body: Pale or Normal.

Answer 31

Spleen Qi Sinking

Question 32

What is the pathology and aetiology for Spleen Qi Sinking?

Answer 32

Pathology: Same as Spleen Qi Deficiency PLUS impaired function of Spleen Raising Qi. Digestive
symptoms are due to breakdown of Spleen’s Transformation and Transportation (T & T) function. The Spleen failing to transport Food Qi (Gu Qi) to the 4 limbs causes them to be weak. The Spleen also transports Food Qi (Gu Qi) throughout the body. Hence tiredness, lassitude and desire to lie down result when Spleen Qi is weak. Frequent/urgent urination and menorrhagia usually occur only when there is Kidney Qi Xu too.

Aetiology: a) Poor diet – too much raw and/or damp-forming food, and irregular eating habits. b)
Mental strain and over-thinking. c) Damp environment. d) Chronic disease. e) Standing for long periods of time.

Question 33

How would you treat Spleen Qi Sinking?

Answer 33

Tonify Spleen Qi. Raise Qi.
TONIFICATION

Question 34

Key symptoms: Tiredness, loose stools, undigested food in the stools, poor or abnormal appetite,
menorrhagia or metrorrhagia.

Accompanying symptoms: Purpura, blood spots under skin (petechiae), blood in urine or stools,
bruises easily, sallow pale complexion, abdominal distension after eating, lassitude, desire to lie down, pale complexion, weakness of limbs, inappropriate sympathy, over-thinking and worry.

Pulse: Deficient or Thin, especially right, middle position.
Tongue body: Pale or Normal.

Answer 34

Spleen not Controlling Blood

Question 35

What is the pathology and aetiology for Spleen Not Controlling The Blood?

Answer 35

Pathology: All symptoms due to impaired function of Spleen controlling Blood. Deficient Spleen Qi
cannot hold Blood in the vessels and bleeding appears from various sources, such as under the skin, in the stools or urine and from the uterus.

Aetiology: a) Poor diet – too much raw and/or damp-forming food, and irregular eating habits. b)
Mental strain and over-thinking. c) Damp environment. d) Chronic disease.

Question 36

How would you treat Spleen Not Controlling the Blood?

Answer 36

Tonify Spleen Qi
TONIFICATION

Question 37

Key symptoms: Tiredness, loose stools, undigested food in the stools, poor or abnormal appetite,
abdominal distension after eating, heavy limbs.

Accompanying symptoms: Lassitude, desire to lie down, pale complexion, weakness of limbs,
inappropriate sympathy, over-thinking and worry, nausea, stuffy chest and epigastrium, muzzy head.

Pulse: Weak-Floating or Deficient and Slippery, especially right, middle position.
Tongue body: Pale or Normal and Swollen, especially on the sides.

Answer 37

Spleen Qi Deficiency with Dampness

Question 38

What is the pathology and aetiology for Spleen Qi deficiency with Dampness?

Answer 38

Pathology: Digestive symptoms are due to breakdown of Spleen’s transformation and transportation (T & T) function. The Spleen failing to transport Food Qi (Gu Qi) to the 4 limbs causes them to be weak. The Spleen also transports Food Qi throughout the body. Tiredness, lassitude and desire to lie down therefore result when Spleen Qi is weak. Dampness arises from lack of T & T of Body Fluids and may block the descending of Stomach Qi causing nausea, or reach the head via the Stomach channel causing a muzzy head.

Aetiology: a) Poor diet – too much raw and/or damp-forming food, and irregular eating habits. b)
Mental strain and over-thinking. c) Damp environment. d) Chronic disease.

Question 39

How would you treat Spleen Qi Deficiency with Dampness?

Answer 39

Tonify Spleen Qi. TONIFCATION
Resolve Dampness. EVEN OR REDUCTION

Question 40

Key symptoms: Stuffiness in chest, abdomen and/or epigastrium, feeling of heaviness in the head and body.

Accompanying symptoms: Poor appetite, loose stools, feeling cold in the epigastrium – better with
warmth, nausea, sweet taste or loss of taste, no thirst, or thirst with no desire to drink, white vaginal discharge, lassitude.

Pulse: Slippery, especially right, middle positions, and may be Slow.
Tongue coat: Sticky, Thick, White.

Answer 40

Cold-Damp Invading the Spleen

Question 41

What is the pathology and aetiology for Cold Damp Invading the Spleen

Answer 41

Pathology: Excess Syndrome. Can be acute or chronic - symptoms listed above due to acute stage. Feeling of stuffiness is due to Damp obstructing the movement of Qi. Feeling of heaviness is from Damp obstructing the muscles. Damp prevents the clear Yang from ascending causing the feeling of heaviness of the head. Dampness prevents Stomach Qi from descending causing nausea. Spleen opens into the mouth, therefore Dampness obstructing Spleen affects the taste. Vaginal discharge may occur because Dampness is heavy and has a tendency to sink downwards.

Aetiology: a) Invasion by External Pathogenic Damp – from climate or living conditions. b) Poor
Diet – eating too much cold and/or damp-forming food.

Question 42

How would you treat Cold-Damp Invading the Spleen?

Answer 42

Resolve Damp. EVEN OR REDUCTION

Question 43

Key symptoms: Poor appetite, feeling of heaviness.
Accompanying symptoms: Stuffiness in epigastrium and/or lower abdomen, thirst with no desire to drink, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, loose stools with offensive odour, burning sensation in anus, scanty dark yellow urine, low grade fever, dull headache with a feeling of heaviness in the head, skin eruptions, sweating that does not relieve fever.

Pulse: Slippery, especially right, middle position and Rapid.
Tongue Coat: Thick, Sticky, Yellow.

Answer 43

Damp-Heat Invading the Spleen

Question 44

What is the pathology and aetiology for Damp Heat Invading the Spleen?

Answer 44

Pathology: Excess syndrome, similar pathology to previous syndrome but with Heat. Feeling of
fullness, feeling of heaviness and nausea are all due to Dampness. Low-grade fever is caused by the steaming of Damp-Heat. Offensive odour of stools, bitter taste, burning sensation of the anus and scanty, dark yellow urination are all indicative of Heat.

Aetiology: a) Invasion by External Pathogenic Damp-Heat (hot and humid weather). b) Eating
unclean or contaminated food.

Question 45

How would you treat Damp-Heat invading the Spleen?

Answer 45

Resolve Damp. Clear Heat. EVEN OR REDUCTION

Question 46

Key symptoms: Uncomfortable feeling in the epigastrium, poor or abnormal appetite, tiredness
especially in the morning.

Accompanying symptoms: Weak limbs, lack of taste sensation, loose stools, inappropriate
sympathy, over-thinking and worry.

Pulse: Deficient, especially in right, middle position.
Tongue Body: Pale.

Answer 46

Stomach Qi Deficiency

Question 47

What is the Pathogy and aetiology for Stomach Qi Deficiency?

Answer 47

Pathology: Most symptoms arise from Stomach Qi Deficiency. Stomach is the root of Post-Heaven
Qi and the beginning stage in the production of Qi from food. Therefore if the Stomach is deficient all
other organs will suffer. Consequently, tiredness is the key symptom of Stomach Qi Deficiency. An
uncomfortable feeling in the epigastrium is caused by weak Stomach Qi failing to descend. Weak limbs are due to Stomach Qi failing to transport the food essences to the limbs. Loose stools, no appetite, and lack of taste are due to Spleen Qi Deficiency.

Aetiology: a) Poor diet – undereating, irregular eating habits. b) Chronic disease.

Question 48

How would you treat Stomach Qi Deficiency?

Answer 48

Tonify Stomach Qi
TONIFICATION

Question 49

Key symptoms: Abnormal appetite, dull or slightly burning epigastric pain, constipation with dry
stools.

Accompanying symptoms: Feeling of heat in the afternoon, dry mouth and throat especially in the
afternoon, thirst with a desire to drink in small sips, a slight feeling of fullness after eating,
inappropriate sympathy, over-thinking and worry.

Pulse: Floating, Empty, especially right, middle position and Rapid.
Tongue Body: Red, rootless coating or peeled in centre.

Answer 49

Stomach Yin Deficiency

Question 50

What is the Pathology and Aetiology for Stomach Yin Deficiency?

Answer 50

Pathology: The Stomach is the origin of fluids and when its Yin is deficient there will be Dryness,
causing dry stools, dry mouth, a dry throat and thirst. A feeling of heat in the afternoon is due to
generalized Yin deficiency. Appetite will be poor if the rotting and ripening function of the Stomach is
impaired. However, if the Yin deficiency has led to a build-up of Empty Heat then the appetite may be
greater than normal as Heat will speed up the rotting and ripening process meaning that the Stomach becomes empty more quickly.

Aetiology: a) Poor diet - irregular eating habits. b) Constitutional. c) After-effects of external attack of
Heat. d) Medication.

Question 51

How would you treat Stomach Yin Deficiency?

Answer 51

Nourish Stomach Yin.
TONIFICATION

Question 52

Key symptoms: Burning pain in epigastrium, intense thirst with desire to drink cold liquids, constant hunger.

Accompanying symptoms: Mental restlessness, swollen, painful and bleeding gums, dry mouth,
mouth ulcers, sour regurgitation, constipation, nausea, vomiting soon after eating, dry stools, bad
breath, a feeling of heat.
Phlegm-Fire: In addition to above, stuffiness or oppression in the epigastrium and chest, less thirst, mucus in stools, mental derangement, expectoration of phlegm.

Pulse: Overflowing, esp. on right middle position, and Rapid (If Phlegm-Fire , also Slippery).
Tongue Body: Red.
Tongue Coat: Thick, Yellow, Dry (If Phlegm-Fire may be yellow prickles in mid crack).

Answer 52

Stomach Fire (and Phlegm-Fire)

Question 53

What is the Pathology and Aetiology for Stomach Fire (and Phlegm-fire)?

Answer 53

Pathology: Interior Full Heat dries fluids, causing intense thirst and constipation. Heat causes blood
to extravasate in the Stomach channel leading to bleeding gums. Swelling and pain in gums are due to Heat rising in the Stomach channel. Heat also obstructs descending of Stomach Qi causing epigastric pain, nausea, vomiting and sour regurgitation. In the case of Phlegm-Fire, Phlegm causes more obstruction leading to a feeling of oppression and also affects the Shen.

Aetiology: a) Poor diet - excessive consumption of hot foods (and greasy foods in cases of Phlegm-
Fire). b) Emotional problems. c) Liver Fire invades the Stomach.

Question 54

How would you treat Stomach Fire (and Phlegm Fire)?

Answer 54

Clear Stomach Heat. Stimulate Stomach Descending function.
EVEN OR REDUCTION

Question 55

Key symptoms: Sudden, severe pain in the epigastrium, vomiting clear fluid (which may alleviate the pain), feeling cold

Accompanying symptoms: Cold limbs, preference for warmth and warm fluids, feels worse after
swallowing cold fluids which are quickly vomited, nausea.

Pulse: Deep, Tight, especially right, middle position, and Slow.
Tongue Coat: Thick, White.

Answer 55

Cold Invading The Stomach

Question 56

What is the pathology and aetiology for Cold Invading the Stomach

Answer 56

Pathology: All symptoms due to acute Interior Full Cold invading the Stomach. Exterior Cold
prevents the Stomach Qi from descending, hence the vomiting, nausea and pain. Cold also impairs
Stomach and Spleen Yang, preventing the food essences from reaching the body which may lead to a feeling of cold and cold limbs, as well as a desire for warmth and warm liquids.

Aetiology: a) Exposure to Cold. b) Excessive consumption of cold foods and drinks.

Question 57

Key symptoms: Fullness, pain and distension of the epigastrium that are relieved by vomiting, sour
regurgitation.

Accompanying symptoms: No appetite, nausea, vomiting of sour fluids, foul breath, belching,
insomnia, loose stools or constipation, poor appetite.

Pulse: Full, Slippery, especially right, middle position.
Tongue Coat: Thick, either White or Yellow.

Answer 57

Retention of Food in the Stomach

Question 58

What is the pathology and aetiology of Retention of Food in the Stomach?

Answer 58

Pathology: Full Interior syndrome that could be associated with either Cold or Heat. Most symptoms are caused by obstruction of food in the Stomach which prevents Stomach Qi from descending and leads to nausea, vomiting, fullness, pain and distension, belching and sour regurgitation. Foul breath is due to food fermenting in the Stomach. Prolonged retention of food creates an obstruction in the Middle Burner which prevents Heart Qi from descending and this may lead to the Shen being disturbed, resulting in insomnia.

Aetiology: a) Overeating. b) Eating too quickly. c) Eating while stressed.

Question 59

How would you treat Retention of Food in the Stomach?

Answer 59

Remove Retention of Food. Stimulate Descending of Stomach Qi.
EVEN OR REDUCTION

Question 60

Key symptoms: Severe, stabbing pain in the epigastrium which may be worse at night and with
pressure, vomiting, possibly vomiting of dark blood.

Accompanying symptoms: Nausea, pain after eating, dark blood in stools.

Pulse: Wiry or Choppy, especially right, middle position.
Tongue Body: Purple, especially in the centre.

Answer 60

Stagnation of Blood in the Stomach

Question 61

What is the pathology and aetiology for Stagnation of Blood in the Stomach?

Answer 61

Pathology: Most symptoms due to Stagnation of Blood in the Stomach. The pain from Blood
stagnation is usually severe and stabbing. Blood stagnation always manifests with dark-coloured blood, hence the vomiting of dark blood. Blood in stools due to Blood Stasis extending to Large Intestine.

Aetiology: No specific aetiology but will derive from other long-standing patterns, particularly: a)
Stomach Fire. b) Retention of Food in the Stomach. c) Liver Qi Invades the Stomach d) Cold in the
Stomach.

Question 62

How would you treat Stagnation of Blood in the Stomach?

Answer 62

Regulate Blood. Stimulate Descending of Stomach Qi.
EVEN OR REDUCTION

Question 63

Key symptoms: Postural dizziness, numbness or tingling of limbs, scanty periods or amenorrhoea,
blurred vision.

Accompanying symptoms: Insomnia characterised by frequent waking during the night, floaters,
diminished night vision, dull pale complexion, pale lips, dry hair and skin, muscular weakness, cramps, withered and brittle nails, a feeling of aimlessness, feeling low.

Pulse: Thin or Choppy, especially left, middle position.
Tongue Body: Pale, especially on sides, and Dry. In extreme cases, Orange sides and Thin.

Answer 63

Liver Blood Deficiency

Question 64

What is the pathology and aetiology for Liver Blood Deficiency?

Answer 64

Pathology: The Liver opens into the eyes therefore if Liver Blood is deficient the eyes will lack
nourishment causing any of above eye symptoms. The Liver controls the sinews which will not be
properly nourished if Liver Blood is weak, leading to numbness, tingling, weakness or cramps. As the
Liver manifests in the nails, when Liver Blood is deficient they will become withered and brittle. The Directing and Penetrating Vessels (Ren Mai and Chong Mai respectively) rely on the Liver to supply them with Blood. If they are not properly filled because Liver Blood is weak, periods will be scanty or missed altogether. If Liver Blood is deficient, the Ethereal Soul (Hun) will not be properly anchored at night leading to insomnia. Similarly, if the Ethereal Soul (Hun) is not properly anchored, the person may feel aimless and low because its capacity for planning will be diminished.

Aetiology: a) Poor diet – irregular eating habits and not enough Blood nourishing foods. b) Heavy
blood loss. c) Excessive physical exercise. d) Emotional stress. e) Kidney deficiency.

Question 65

How would you treat Liver Blood Deficiency?

Answer 65

Nourish Blood. Tonify Liver.
TONIFICATION

Question 66

Key symptoms: Insomnia, dry eyes, restlessness, irritability.

Accompanying symptoms: Very dry hair and skin, muscular weakness, a feeling of aimlessness, dull-
pale complexion without lustre, malar flush, feeling of heat in the afternoon and evening, 5-palm heat, night-sweating, thirst with desire to drink in small sips, depression, scanty periods or amenorrhoea (although menstrual bleeding may be heavy if there is a lot of Empty Heat).

Pulse: Wiry, Floating, Empty, especially left, middle position, and Rapid.
Tongue Body: Red, may be partially Peeled or Peeled.

Answer 66

Liver Yin Deficiency

Question 67

What is the pathology and aetiology for Liver Yin Deficiency?

Answer 67

Pathology: Very closely related to Liver Blood deficiency. Dry eyes are due to deficient Liver Yin not nourishing and moistening the eyes. Empty Heat agitates the Ethereal Soul (Hun) which is not rooted because the Yin is deficient, so that it ‘comes and goes’ too much causing anxiety, insomnia, mental restlessness and irritability. All other signs are due to Empty Heat arising from Yin deficiency.

Aetiology: a) Poor diet – too many heating foods. b) Heavy blood loss. c) Excessive physical
exercise. d) Excessive sexual activity. d) Emotional stress. e) Kidney deficiency.

Question 68

How would you treat Liver Yin Deficiency?

Answer 68

Nourish Liver Yin. Clear Empty Heat if necessary.
TONIFICATION

Question 69

Key symptoms: Headaches on the temples, eyes or lateral side of head, irritability, dizziness,
propensity to outburst of anger.

Accompanying symptoms: Tinnitus, deafness, blurred vision, dry mouth and throat, insomnia,
feeling worked up, stiff neck.

Pulse: Wiry, especially left, middle position.
Tongue Body: May be slightly Red on the sides.

Answer 69

Liver Yang Rising

Question 70

What is the pathology and aetiology for Liver Yang Rising?

Answer 70

Pathology: Symptoms are all due to the rising of Liver Yang to the head. This may stem from Yin
deficiency of the Liver and/or Kidneys, or Liver Blood deficiency. In practice, the above symptoms
usually occur alongside symptoms of either Yin or Blood deficiency. The headache, which is usually unilateral, affects the Gall-Bladder channel.

Aetiology: a) Emotional problems such as anger, frustration and resentment over a long period of
time. b) Diet – eating in a hurry or when angry. c) Alcohol, some recreational drugs and medications.

Question 71

How would you treat Liver Yang Rising?

Answer 71

Subdue Liver Yang
EVEN OR REDUCTION

Tonify Liver and or Kidney Yin or Liver Blood
TONIFICATION

Question 72

Key symptoms: Moodiness, pre-menstrual tension, irritability.

Accompanying symptoms:
a) Melancholy, depression, anger without a cause, fluctuation of mental state, feeling ‘wound up’.
b) Feeling of distension in hypochondrium, chest, epigastrium or abdomen, sighing.
c) Nausea, vomiting, epigastric pain, poor appetite, sour regurgitation, belching, feeling of pulsation in
epigastrium, churning feeling in stomach, abdominal distension, flatulence, diarrhoea.
d) Feeling of lump (‘Plum Stone’) in throat, difficulty swallowing.
e) Irregular periods, pre-menstrual breast distension.

Pulse: Wiry, especially left, middle position.
Tongue Body: Normal, or possibly slightly Purple, or slightly Red on the sides.

Answer 72

Liver Qi Stagnation

Question 73

What is the pathology and aetiology for Liver Qi stagnation?

Answer 73

Pathology: Most symptoms are due to Liver Qi Stagnating in different areas of the body. Nausea,
vomiting, epigastric pain, no appetite etc. due to Liver Qi Invading the Stomach and Spleen. Symptoms connected to menstruation are due to Liver Qi Stagnation impairing the movement of Blood in the Penetrating (Chong Mai)and Directing (Ren Mai) Vessels and affecting the Uterus. Emotional symptoms are due to the Liver failing to ensure the smooth flow of Qi in relation to the mind, which impedes the “coming and going” of the Ethereal Soul (Hun). The Liver channel runs through the throat so if Liver Qi stagnates there may be a feeling of lump in the throat or difficulty swallowing.

Aetiology: Long-term emotional problems such as anger, frustration and resentment.

Question 74

How would you treat Liver Qi Stagnation?

Answer 74

Disperse the Liver. Regulate Qi.
EVEN OR REDUCTION

Question 75

Key symptoms: Very painful periods, dark and clotted menstrual blood, hypochondrial or abdominal pain.

Accompanying symptoms: Haematemesis, epistaxis, irregular periods, abdominal masses, purplepetechiae, purple nails, purple lips, purple or dark complexion, dry skin (in severe cases).

Pulse: Wiry, Choppy or Firm, especially left, middle position.
Tongue Body: Purple, especially on sides. In severe cases, there may be Purple spots on the
sides.

Answer 75

Liver Blood Stagnation

Question 76

What is the pathology and aetiology for Liver Blood stagnation?

Answer 76

Pathology: All symptoms are due to Stagnation of Liver Blood. As the Liver stores Blood, it is
particularly affected by stagnation of Blood. When Liver Blood stagnates, Blood in the Directing (Ren
Mai)and Penetrating (Chong Mai) Vessels will also stagnate, causing menstrual symptoms. Vomiting of blood and epistaxis are caused by stagnation of Blood in the Liver channel. As the Liver manifests in the nails, Liver Blood stagnation may cause purple nails. General stagnation of Blood causes purple lips and complexion. In severe cases, stagnant Blood obstructs the circulation of fluids and the skin becomes dry. Purple petechiae are due to bleeding under the skin caused by Blood stagnation in the Blood Connecting channels.

Aetiology: a) Chronic Liver Qi stagnation (deriving from long-term emotional problems, b) Cold, c)
Heat.

Question 77

How would you treat Liver Blood stagnation?

Answer 77

Disperse the Liver. Regulate Blood.
EVEN OR REDUCTION

Question 78

Key symptoms: Irritability, propensity to outbursts of anger, dream-disturbed sleep, red face and eyes.

Accompanying symptoms: Tinnitus, deafness, temporal headache, dizziness, thirst, bitter taste,
dream-disturbed sleep, constipation with dry stools, dark yellow urine, epistaxis, haematemesis,
haemoptysis.

Pulse: Overflowing, Wiry, especially left middle position, Rapid.
Tongue Body: Red, Redder on sides.
Tongue Coat: Yellow, Dry.

Answer 78

Liver Fire Blazing Upwards

Question 79

What is the pathology and aetiology for Liver Fire Blazing Upwards?

Answer 79

Pathology: Liver Fire has a natural tendency to flare upwards, and all signs in the head are a reflection of this. Fire agitates the Mind, causing all the mental-emotional symptoms. Liver Fire dries up Body Fluids resulting in constipation with dry stools and dark, concentrated urine. In severe cases, Liver Fire heats the Blood causing it to leak out of the blood vessels which may lead to nose bleed, vomiting or coughing of blood.

Aetiology: a) Long-standing anger. b) Poor diet – too many heating foods. c) Alcohol, some
recreational drugs and medications.

Question 80

How would you treat Liver Fire Blazing Upwards?

Answer 80

Sedate the Liver. Clear Fire.
EVEN OR REDUCTION

Question 81

Key symptoms: Mild tremor of limbs, facial tic, numbness of limbs, shaking of head.

Accompanying symptoms: Insomnia, scanty periods or amenorrhoea, floaters, blurred vision,
diminished night vision, dull pale complexion, pale lips, dry hair and skin, muscular weakness, cramps, withered and brittle nails, a feeling of aimlessness, feeling low.

Pulse: Choppy, Wiry, esp. left, middle position.
Tongue Body: Pale, especially on sides, Dry.

Answer 81

Liver-Wind
(Liver Blood Deficiency Causing Wind Agitating Within)

Question 82

What is the pathology and aetiology for Liver Blood Deficiency Causing Wind Agitating Within?

Answer 82

Pathology: The mild tremor, facial tic (which will be mild) and shaking of head are caused by Internal
Wind. This has stemmed from Liver Blood Deficiency, which has created emptiness in the blood vessels which has been ‘filled’ by Internal Wind.

Aetiology: a) Poor diet – irregular eating habits and not enough Blood nourishing foods. b) Heavy
blood loss. c) Excessive physical exercise d) Emotional stress e) Kidney deficiency.

Question 83

How would you treat Liver Blood Deficiency causing Wind Agitating within?

Answer 83

Nourish Liver Blood.
EVEN OR REDUCTION

Subdue Wind.
TONIFICATION

Question 84

Key symptoms: High temperature, convulsions, rigidity of the neck, tremor of the limbs,
opisthotonos.

Accompanying symptoms: Coma (in severe cases).
Pulse: Rapid and Wiry, especially left, middle position.

Tongue Body: Deep Red, Stiff.
Tongue Coat: Thick, Yellow, Dry.

Answer 84

Liver-Wind
(Extreme Heat generating Liver-Wind)

Question 85

What is the pathology and aetiology for Extreme Heat generating Liver-Wind?

Answer 85

Pathology: Seen as a complication in acute febrile diseases e.g. measles, encephalitis and meningitis.
Heat reaches the Blood level and injures Yin. Yin deficiency then gives rise to internal Wind which
causes all the above symptoms.

Aetiology: Invasion of Exterior Heat or Wind-Heat penetrating to the Blood level.

Question 86

How would you treat Extreme Heat generating Liver-Wind?

Answer 86

Cool Blood. Disperse the Liver. Subdue Wind. Nourish Yin.
EVEN OR REDUCTON

Question 87

Key symptoms: Headache, hypertension, severe dizziness, sudden unconsciousness, convulsions,
deviation of eye and mouth, hemiplegia, aphasia or difficult speech, severe tremor.

Accompanying symptoms: Dry throat, dry eyes, blurred vision, numbness or tingling of limbs, facial tic, tinnitus, scanty urination, night-sweating, insomnia, poor memory.

Pulse: Floating, Wiry, Thin, especially left, middle position, and Rapid.
Tongue Body: Pale or Red, partially Peeled or Peeled, Deviated.

Answer 87

Liver-Wind
(Liver Yang Rising Generating Wind)

Question 88

What is the pathology and aetiology for Liver Yang Rising Generating Wind?

Answer 88

Pathology: Symptoms are due to Internal Wind generated from Liver Yang Rising (which itself may
stem from Liver or Kidney Yin Deficiency, or Liver Blood deficiency). Wind is a Yang pathogenic
factor which “agitates”, therefore causing involuntary movements such as convulsions, tremors and tics within the body. Deviation of eye and mouth, hemiplegia and aphasia are also due to Wind in the channels. Tinnitus, headache, hypertension and dizziness are all due to Liver Yang rising to the head.

Dry throat and eyes, scanty urination and night sweating are all indicative of underlying Yin deficiency, whilst blurred vision, numbness or tingling of limbs and poor memory are a sign of underlying Blood deficiency.

Aetiology: Liver Yin Deficiency a) Excess sex. b) Excess exercise. c) Excessive physical work. d)
Liver Blood Deficiency (in women). Liver Yang Rising Long-term emotional problems such as
anger, frustration and resentment.

Question 89

How would you treat Liver Yang Rising Generating Wind?

Answer 89

Principles: Subdue Liver Yang. Subdue Wind. Nourish Liver Yin, Kidney Yin or Liver
Blood.

Question 90

Key symptoms: Nausea, a feeling of fullness and heaviness of the chest, abdomen or
hypochondrium, vaginal discharge and itching.

Accompanying symptoms: Jaundice, bitter or sticky taste, loss of appetite, pain, redness and
swelling of scrotum, difficulty in passing urine, dark urine, pain and burning on urination, papular or vesicular skin rashes.

Pulse: Wiry or Slippery, especially in left middle position, and may be Rapid.
Tongue Body: Red.
Tongue Coat: Sticky, Yellow.

Answer 90

Damp-Heat in the Liver and Gall Bladder

Question 91

What is the pathology and aetiology for Damp-Heat in the Liver and Gall Bladder?

Answer 91

Pathology: All symptoms due to Damp-Heat. Dampness is heavy and infuses downwards causing various genital and urinary symptoms. Dampness may also obstruct the Middle Burner impairing the descending of Stomach Qi and leading to nausea and poor appetite. Dampness may cause a heavy feeling anywhere in the body.

Aetiology: a) Dampness (from Spleen Qi deficiency). b) Long-term Liver Qi Stagnation. c) External climatic Damp or Damp-Heat

Question 92

How would you treat Damp-heat in the Liver and Gall Bladder?

Answer 92

Resolve Dampness. Disperse the Liver. Clear Heat.
EVEN OR REDUCTION

Question 93

Key symptoms: Fullness and distension of the hypogastrium with pain that refers to the scrotum and testes and upwards to the hypochondrium, pain alleviated by warmth.

Accompanying symptoms: Straining of the testes or contraction of the scrotum, vertex headache,
feeling of cold, cold hands and feet, vomiting of clear watery fluid or dry vomiting. In women there
may be shrinking of the vagina.

Pulse: Wiry, Deep, especially left, middle position, and Slow.
Tongue Body: Pale, Wet.
Tongue Coat: White.

Answer 93

Stagnation of Cold in the Liver Channel

Question 94

What is the pathology and aetiology of Stagnation of Cold in the Liver Channel?

Answer 94

Pathology: The Liver channel flows around the external genitalia. Cold contracts, hence the pain and contraction of the scrotum.

Aetiology: Invasion of Exterior Cold.

Question 95

How would you treat Stagnation of Cold in the Liver Channel?

Answer 95

Sedate the Liver. Expel Cold.
EVENM OR REDUCTION

MOXA

Question 96

Key symptoms: Slight shortness of breath, weak voice, easily catches colds.

Accompanying symptoms: Tiredness, slight cough, watery sputum, dislike of speaking, spontaneous
daytime sweating, dislikes cold, pale white complexion, inappropriate grief.

Pulse: Deficient, esp. front, right position.
Tongue Body: Pale or Normal.

Answer 96

Lung Qi Deficiency

Question 97

What is the pathology and aetiology for Lung Qi Deficiency?

Answer 97

Pathology: Lungs govern Qi and respiration therefore deficiency of Qi leads to shortness of breath.
Lungs function of descending Qi is compromised if Qi is weak leading to a slight cough. Strength of
voice is a reflection of Gathering Qi (Zong Qi), which depends on Lung Qi. Therefore if weak, it may lead to weak voice and dislike of speaking. Catching colds and sweating is due to Defensive Qi (Wei Qi) being weak and not protecting body from external pathogens (in former case) and not “holding in” fluids (in latter case). Feeling cold is due to deficient Qi not warming the body. Severe Lung Qi deficiency includes a degree of Lung Yang deficiency which is why TP includes warming Yang.

Aetiology: a) Constitutional. b) Sadness and grief. C) Excessive use of the voice over a long period of
time. d) Prolonged stooping. c) After effect of invasion (or repeated invasions) of External Pathogenic Wind.

Question 98

How would you treat Liver Qi Deficiency?

Answer 98

Tonify Lung Qi. Warm Lung Yang.
TONIFICATION

Question 99

Key symptoms: Dry cough or cough with scanty sputum, dry mouth and throat, feeling of heat in the afternoon and evening.

Accompanying symptoms: Weak and hoarse voice, dislike of speaking, tickly throat, malar flush,
night sweats, 5-palm heat, inappropriate grief.

Pulse: Floating, Empty, especially front right position and Rapid.
Tongue Body: Red, may be partially Peeled or Peeled, may be Cracks in Lung area.

Answer 99

Lung Yin Deficiency

Question 100

What is the pathology and aetiology or Lung Yin Deficiency?

Answer 100

Pathology: Dry cough, throat and mouth are due to deficient Body Fluids not moistening the mouth
and throat. Weak voice and dislike of speaking are due to Gathering (Zong) Qi being weak as a result of Lung Qi deficiency. Other symptoms are due to Empty Heat from long-term Yin deficiency.

Aetiology: a) Constitutional. b) Sadness and grief. c) Excessive use of the voice over a long period of
time. d) Prolonged stooping. e) After effect of invasion (or repeated invasions) of External Pathogenic Wind. f) Stomach or Kidney Yin Deficiency. g) Internal or External Dryness. h) Smoking.

Question 101

How would you treat Liver Yin Deficiency?

Answer 101

Nourish Lung Yin.
TONIFICATION

Clear Empty Heat (if necessary).
EVEN

Question 102

Key symptoms: Dry cough.
Accompanying symptoms: Dry throat, dry mouth, dry skin, thirst, hoarse voice.

Pulse: Empty, especially front right position.
Tongue Body: Dry.

Answer 102

Lung Dryness

Question 103

What is the pathology and aetiology for Lung Dryness?

Answer 103

Pathology: All symptoms are due to dryness of Lungs. Body Fluids are deficient but the Yin is not yet deficient.

Aetiology: a) Exterior Dryness, e.g. air conditioning. b) Interior Dryness (usually from Stomach Yin
Xu). c) After effect of External Pathogenic Wind.

Question 104

How would you treat Lung Dryness?

Answer 104

Moisten the Lung. Nourish Body Fluids.
TONIFCATION

Question 105

Key symptoms: Aversion to wind or cold, sneezing.

Accompanying symptoms: Fever, cough, itchy throat, stuffy or runny nose with clear watery mucus, slight breathlessness, occipital headaches, body aches.

Pulse: Floating, Tight, especially front right position.
Tongue Coat: Thin White.

Answer 105

Invasion of the Lung by Wind-Cold (COMMON COLD)

Question 106

What is the pathology and aetiology for Invasion of the Lung by Wind-Cold?

Answer 106

Pathology: Aversion to cold due to obstruction of the space between skin and muscles by Wind so
Defensive (Wei) Qi cannot circulate and warm muscles. Headache and body aches are also due to obstruction of circulation of Defensive (Wei) Qi. Fever results from the fight between Defensive (Wei) Qi and exterior Wind, but may not be present if PF is not too strong. Cough, blocked or runny nose, sneezing due to impairment of Lung’s function of descending Qi by exterior Wind.

Aetiology: Exposure to wind and cold (either climatic or artificial). The body’s Qi must be weak
relative to the strength of the Wind and Cold.

Question 107

How would you treat Invasion of the Lung by Wind-Cold?

Answer 107

Release the Exterior. Expel Cold. Stimulate Lung Descending and Dispersing function.
EVEN OR REDUCTION

Moxa, cupping gua sha.

Question 108

Key symptoms: Fever, aversion to cold, sore throat.

Accompanying symptoms: Cough, stuffy or runny nose with yellow mucus, sneezing, headache,
body aches, slight sweating, thirst, swollen tonsils.

Pulse: Floating, especially front right position, and Rapid.
Tongue body: Red on sides or tip.

Answer 108

Invasion of the Lung by Wind-Heat (FLU)

Question 109

What is the pathology and aetiology for Invasion of the Lung by Wind-Heat?

Answer 109

Pathology: As for Wind-Cold. More often a fever. Aversion to cold is experienced as Defensive (Wei)
Qi is obstructed by Pathogenic Factor and cannot circulate and warm muscles. Heat dries up Body
Fluids resulting in thirst and sore throat.

Aetiology: Exposure to wind and heat (either climatic or artificial). The body’s Qi must be weak
relative to the strength of the Wind and Heat.

Question 110

How would you treat Invasion of the Lung by Wind-Heat?

Answer 110

Treatment principles: Release the Exterior. Clear Heat. Stimulate Lung Descending and Dispersing
function.
EVEN OR REDUCTION

Question 111

Key symptoms: Aversion to cold, sneezing, feeling of heaviness in the body.

Accompanying symptoms: Stuffy or runny nose with profuse white or clear mucus, muzzy feeling in the head, feeling of stuffiness in the chest, poor appetite, loose stools, mucus in the stools, bloating of the abdomen.

Pulse: Floating, Slippery.
Tongue Coat: Thick, white.

Answer 111

Invasion of the Lung by Wind-Damp

Question 112

What is the pathology and aetiology for Invasion of the Lung by Wind-Damp?

Answer 112

Pathology: Aversion to cold is experienced as Defensive (Wei) Qi is obstructed by pathogenic factor and cannot circulate and warm muscles. Stuffy or runny nose and sneezing are due to impairment of Lung’s function of descending Qi by exterior Wind. Other symptoms are caused by Dampness, which also hinders the transformation and transportation functions of the Spleen causing digestive symptoms.

Aetiology: Exposure to wind and damp. The body’s Qi must be weak relative to the strength of the
Wind and Damp.

Question 113

How would you treat Invasion of the Lung by Wind-Damp?

Answer 113

Release the Exterior. Resolve Damp. Stimulate Lung Descending and Dispersing function.
EVEN OR REDUCTION

MOXA

Question 114

Key symptoms: Chronic coughing coming in bouts, profuse white sputum which is easy to
expectorate, phlegm in the throat, stuffiness of the chest, shortness of breath, wheezing, dislike of lying down.

Accompanying symptoms: White pasty complexion, feeling ‘clogged up’, a feeling of heaviness, muzziness or dizziness of the head.

Pulse: Slippery.
Tongue Body: Swollen.
Tongue coat: Thick, Sticky, White.

Answer 114

Damp-Phlegm Obstructing the Lung

Question 115

What is the pathology and aetiology for Damp-Phlegm Obstructing the Lung?

Answer 115

Pathology: Sputum, dislike of lying down, stuffiness, wheezing, feeling of heaviness, muzziness and dizziness are due to Phlegm in the chest and head. The damp nature of the Phlegm makes it easy to expectorate. Cough and shortness of breath are due to impairment of Lung descending function. There is usually underlying Spleen Deficiency characterised by white complexion, which will also be pasty due to the Phlegm and Damp.

Aetiology: a) Spleen Qi or Spleen Yang Deficiency. b) Recurrent attacks of External Pathogenic
factors. c) Poor diet and eating habits.

Question 116

How would you treat Damp-Phlegm obstructing the Lung?

Answer 116

Resolve Damp and Phlegm.
EVEN OR REDUCTION
Restore Lung Descending function.
TONIFICATION

MOXA

Question 117

Key symptoms: Barking cough with sticky profuse yellow, green or dark sputum, phlegm in the throat, shortness of breath, wheezing, stuffiness of the chest.

Accompanying symptoms: A feeling of heat, thirst, insomnia, agitation, heaviness and muzziness of
the head, dizziness.

Pulse: Slippery or Full, Rapid.
Tongue Body: Red.
Tongue Coat: Thick, Sticky, Yellow.

Answer 117

Phlegm-Heat Obstructing the Lung

Question 118

What is the pathology and aetiology for Phlegm-Heat Obstructing the Lung?

Answer 118

Pathology: Similar to previous syndrome, underlying Spleen Qi Deficiency which combines with Heat leading to Phlegm. In acute cases, when exterior Wind-Heat is not expelled it penetrates the Interior.
The pathogenic factor disrupts the Qi mechanism and leads to the production of Phlegm. In chronic
cases, Phlegm results from a dysfunction of the Lungs, Spleen and Kidneys. Cough is due to failure of Lung descending function.

Aetiology: a) Poor diet and eating habits b) Smoking c) Precipitated or aggravated by Invasion of Exterior Wind-Heat. d) Emotional stress (which leads to formation of Heat).

Question 119

How would you treat Phlegm-Heat Obstructing the Lung?

Answer 119

Resolve Phlegm. Clear Heat.
EVEN OR REDUCTION

Stimulate Lung Descending function.
TONIFICATION