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Acupuncture - 1st Year > TCM THEORY - 1st Term > Flashcards

TCM THEORY - 1st Term Flashcards

1
Q

What is Yin and Yang?

A

Yin is the shady side of the hill. Yang is the sunny side of the hill.

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2
Q

What are the 4 main aspects of the yin-yang relationship?

A
  1. The Opposition
  2. The Interdependence
  3. The Mutual Consuming
  4. The intertransformation
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3
Q

Name some Yang elements

A

Fire, Heat, Light, Exterior, Bright, Dry, Rapid, Immaterial, Excitement, Above, Expansion, Rising

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4
Q

Name some Yin elements

A

Water, Cold, Heavy, Interior, Dark, Wet, Slow, Material, Inhibition, Below, Contraction, Descending

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5
Q

What are possible treatments for Yang imbalances?

A

Tonify Yang
Eliminate excess Yang

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6
Q

What are possible treatments for Yin imbalances?

A

Tonify Yin
Eliminate excess Yin

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7
Q

Yang excess signs & symptoms

A

Acute
Rapid Onset
Rapid Changes
Restlesslessness, Insomnia
Likes to lie stretched out
Red, flushed face
Likes Cool
Thirst
Scanty dark urination

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8
Q

Yang deficiency signs & symptoms

A

Chills
Bright white complexion
Lethargy
Weakness
Drowsy
Sweating on exertion
Cold limbs & body
No thirst
DEEP / WEAK PULSE
PALE, WET, SWOLLEN TONGUE

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9
Q

Yin excess signs & symptoms

A

Chronic
Gradual onset
Lingering
Sleepiness, listlessness
Likes to curl up
Pale face
Likes heat
No thirst
Profuse pale urination

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10
Q

Yin Deficiency signs & symptoms

A

Feeling hot in the PM
Malar flush
Restlessness
Weakness
Insomnia
5-palm heat (worse in eve)
Hot limbs & body
Thurst
FLOATING, EMPTY PULSE
RED, PEELED, CRACKED TONGUE

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11
Q

What are the Functions of Jing?

A
  1. Controls Birth, Growth, Reproduction & Development
  2. Forms the basis of Kidney Qi (helps form kidney qi)
  3. Produces Marrow
  4. Forms the basis of our CONSTITUTION
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12
Q

What are the signs of Jing deficiency?

A
  • Mal-development of foetus
  • Poor mental & physical performance
  • Weak constitution
  • Poor stamina
  • Late close of fontanelle
  • Premature babies
  • Brittle bones
  • Late onset of puberty
  • Senility
  • History of constant illness
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13
Q

What are the functions of ORIGINAL Qi (Yuan Qi)?

A
  1. It is the motive force
  2. It is the basis of Kidney Qi
  3. It facilitates the transformation of Blood
  4. It links directly with the source points
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14
Q

What are the functions of Qi?

A

Holding
Protecting
Raising
Transporting
Transforming
Warming

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15
Q

What are the main organs involved in Qi production?

A

Spleen
Lung
Kidney

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16
Q

Name some key Qi Pathology?

A

Qi Deficiency
Qi Stagnation
Sinking Qi
Rebellious Qi

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17
Q

Which direction does Qi flow in the following organs:

Lung
Stomach
Heart Fire
Liver
Kidney
Spleen

A

Lung - DOWN
Stomach - DOWN
Heart Fire - DOWN TO KIDNEY WATER
Liver - UP AND SMOOTH EVERYWHERE
Kidney - UP (GRASPS FROM THE LUNGS)
Spleen - UP

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18
Q

Which organ stores Blood?

A

The Liver

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19
Q

Where does the quality of Blood come from?

A

Food (Gu qi)

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20
Q

What are the functions of Blood?

A
  1. Moistens/moisturises
  2. Nourishes
  3. Houses Shen
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21
Q

Which are the main organs in Blood production?

A

HEART
SPLEEN
LIVER

22
Q

Name some key Blood Pathology?

A

Blood Deficiency
(stiff, sore/pain, insomnia)

Blood Heat
(fever, pathogen)

Blood Stagnation
(blood clots, menstrual pain)

23
Q

What are (Jin)Ye Body Fluids?

A

Nature: clear, light, thin & watery
Organ: under the control of Lungs & Upper burner
Function: moisten & nourish skin and muscles
Manifests as: sweat, tears, saliva & mucus

24
Q

What are Jin(Ye) Body Fluids

A

Nature: turbid, heavy, dense & slow moving
Organ: under the control of Spleen, Kidneys, Middle & Lower burner
Function: Moisten the joints, spine, brain and bone marrow

25
Q

What are the 3 main organs relating to Body Fluids?

A
  1. LUNG
  2. SPLEEN
  3. KIDNEY
    (plus triple burner, bladder, stomach)
26
Q

Common pathology of Body Fluids?

A
  1. Deficiency of Body Fluids (dryness)
  2. Accumulation of Body Fluids (to form Phlegm, Damp or Oedema)
27
Q

What are the functions of The Shen?

A
  1. Sleep
  2. Memory
  3. Thinking
  4. Consciousness
  5. Spirit
28
Q

Pathology of Shen

A
  1. Deficient Shen
    Dullness, apathy, lack of spirit, lack of vitality, lack of joy
  2. Disturbed Shen
    Insomnia, dream-disturbed sleep, forgetfulness, anxiety, poor memory
  3. Obstructed Shen
    Mental confusion, clouded consciousness, if severe - unconsciousness
29
Q

What is the mother-child relationship?

A

If the ‘child’ element is deficient, then it may be because it is not received ing sufficient qi from its ‘mother’.

It may be more effective to treat the ‘mother’ to engender more qi in the ‘child’ element than treating the child itself.

If the ‘child element becomes too full it can deplete the ‘mother’.

30
Q

The Chinese clock

A

1-3am - Liver
3-5am - Lung
5-7am - Large intestine
7-9am - Stomach
9-11am - Spleen
11- 1pm - Heart (most Yang time)
1-3pm - Small intestine
3-5pm - Bladder
5-7pm - Kidney
7-9pm - Pericardium
9-11pm - Triple burner
11-1am - Gallbladder

31
Q

What are the functions of the Heart?

A
  1. Governs Blood
  2. Dominates the Blood Vessels
  3. Houses The Shen
  4. Manifests in the complexion
  5. Opens in the tongue
  6. Controls sweat
32
Q

What are the functions of the Small Intestine?

A
  1. Receives digested food and liquid from the Stomach
  2. Separates Fluids
33
Q

What are the functions of the Pericardium?

A

Same as the heart

  1. Governs Blood
  2. Dominates the Blood Vessels
  3. Houses The Shen
  4. Manifests in the complexion
  5. Opens in the tongue
  6. Controls sweat
34
Q

What are the functions of the Triple Burner?

A
  1. Division of body into spaces
    (upper - like a mist / middle - like a muddy pool / lower - like a drainage ditch
  2. Enables passage of Yuan qi (original qi) through the body
  3. Controls the water passages and excretion of Fluids
35
Q

What are the functions of the Lungs?

A
  1. Governs qi and respiration
  2. Controls the Channels and Blood Vessels
  3. Controls Descending and Dispersing of Qi and Body Fluids
  4. Regulates the Water Passages
  5. Dominates skin and hair
  6. Opens into the nose
  7. House the (Po) corporeal soul
36
Q

What are the functions of the Large Intestine?

A
  1. Controls passage and conduction
  2. Transforms stools and reabsorbs Fluids
37
Q

What are the functions of the Spleen?

A

1)Governs Transformation and Transportation.
2) Controls the Blood.
3) Dominates the muscles and the four limbs.
4) Opens into the mouth and manifests in the lips.
5) Raises Qi.
6) Houses Thought (Yi).

38
Q

What are the functions of the Spleen?

A

1)Governs Transformation and Transportation.
2) Controls the Blood.
3) Dominates the muscles and the four limbs.
4) Opens into the mouth and manifests in the lips.
5) Raises Qi.
6) Houses Thought (Yi).

39
Q

What are the functions of the Stomach?

A

The Functions of the Stomach – The Controller of Rotting and Ripening

1) Rots and ripens food and drink.
2) Controls transportation of food essences.
3) Stomach sends Qi downwards.
4) Stomach is the origin of fluids.

40
Q

What are the functions of the Liver?

A

1) Stores Blood for:
a - rest and activity
b - menstruation

2) Ensures the smooth flow of Qi for:
a - the emotions
b - digestion
c - the secretion of bile

3) Nourishes the tendons

4) Manifests in the NAILS

5) Opens into the EYES

6) Houses the Hun (ethereal soul)

41
Q

What are the functions of the Gallbladder?

A

1) Stores and excretes bile
2) Rules decision making
3) Activates the tendons

42
Q

What are the functions of the Kidneys?

A

1) Store Jing for
a - birth
b - growth and development
c - reproduction

2) Produce Marrow for
a - the brain and spinal cord
b - bones
c - Blood manufacture

3) Dominate fluids

4) Controls the reception of Qi

5) Opens in the EAR

6) Manifests in the HAIR

7) Controls the two lower orifices

8) Houses the Zhi (willpower)

43
Q

What are function of the bladder?

A

Removes water by Qi transformation

44
Q

What are the 7 internal causes of disease?

A

Anger
Joy
Worry
Overthinking
Grief
Fear
Shock

45
Q

What are the 6 external causes of disease?

A

Damp
Cold
Summer-heat
Wind
Dryness
Fire

46
Q

What are the 4 combined external pathogenic factors?

A
  1. Wind cold
  2. Wind heat
  3. Wind damp
  4. Damp heat
47
Q

What are the 8 miscellaneous causes of disease?

A
  1. Constitution
  2. Overwork and fatigue
  3. Exercise
  4. Diet
  5. Sex
  6. Trauma
  7. Parasites and poison
  8. Wrong treatment
48
Q

What are the 2 secondary causes of disease?

A
  1. Blood stagnation
  2. Phlegm
49
Q

Key symptoms:
Palpitations/ awareness of heartbeat which is worse during the day, when tired or on exertion, tiredness, shortness of breath on exertion
Other symptoms: pale face, lassitude, inappropriate joy or lack of joy, spontaneous sweating
Pulse: deficient, especially in front, left position
Tongue body: pale or normal

A

Heart Qi deficiency

50
Q

What is the pathology of Heart Qi Deficiency?

A

Palpitation/ awareness of the heartbeat occurs when the Heart qi is not strong enough to adequately pump blood. Other symptoms due to general qi deficiency. Spontaneous sweating is due to Wei qi not holding in fluids. Shortness of breath is due to weak Zong qi impairing respiration. Lassitude is due to the deficient qi failing to transform and transport properly, thereby not sufficiently nourishing all the other organs of the body.

51
Q

How would you treat Heart Qi deficiency?

A

Tonify Heart Qi

Acupuncture - 1st Year (5 decks)

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