TCAP Review Day 7- Middle Ages in Western Europe 400’s-1500’s AD Flashcards
North Atlantic Drift
The Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation is weakening and has collapsed in the distant past. But the system is being eroded by the faster-than-expected melt-off of Greenland’s glaciers and Arctic ice sheets, which pours freshwater into the sea and obstructs the sinking of saltier, warmer water from the south.
Monastery
A monastery is the building where monks live while they’re practicing their religion.
Charlemagne
Charlemagne, or Charles the Great, was the king of Franks and the founder of the Carolingian Empire. He was recognized as a Roman emperor, being the first in western Europe in three centuries. He united a lot of western Europe and extended the influence of his empire far beyond the physical borders of his territory.
Holy Roman Empire
Holy Roman Empire was a title held first by Frankish and then by German kings for 10 centuries. The Holy Roman Empire existed from 800 to 1806. It was a confederation of small and medium-sized political entities.
Feudalism
Feudalism is a social system that existed in Europe during the Middle Ages in which people worked and fought for nobles to give them protection and the use of land in return.
The Battle of Hastings/ William The Conqueror
Battle of Hastings took place starting (Oct. 14, 1066). The battle that ended in the defeat of Harold II of England by William, duke of Normandy, and so he established the Normans as the new rulers of England. On his deathbed Edward the Confessor had granted the English throne to Harold, earl of Wessex, despite an earlier promise to make William his heir which is meanie.
Papacy
The papacy is an additional source of authority for Catholics.
Monarch
A sovereign head of state, especially a king, queen, or emperor.
Magna Carta
The Magna Carta was issued in June 1215. It was the first document to put into writing the principle that the king and his government was not above the law and that the king/queen cant just do whatever he/she wants to.
The Crusades
Spanning more than two centuries (1096-1300 CE) across the majority of the so-called High Middle Ages, the Crusades were, in essence, military expeditions initiated by the medieval papacy to wrest the Holy Lands from Moslem control.
Pope Urban II
He was the head of the Roman Catholic Church (1088–99). He developed ecclesiastical reforms begun by Pope Gregory VII and he started the Crusade movement along with strengthening the papacy as a political entity.
Saladin
Saladin was an important Muslim ruler in Egypt.
Richard I
Richard I – aka Richard the Lionheart – is remembered for being a chivalrous medieval king; for battling Saladin during the Crusades; and for rebelling against his father, Henry II (1133–89). His name has become an English legend, but how much do you know about him?
The Black Death (Bubonic Plague)
Bubonic plague is an infection spread mostly to humans by infected fleas that travel on rodents Which came in on a trading ship. Called the Black Death, it killed millions of Europeans during the Middle Ages.
The Hundred Years War
Hundred Years’ War, (1337–1453)Intermittent armed conflict between England and France over territorial rights and the issue of succession to the French throne. This war was between England and France.
Joan of Arc
Joan of Arc is a national heroine of France. She was a peasant girl who, believing that she was acting under divine guidance, led the French army in a momentous victory at Orléans in 1429 that repulsed an English attempt to conquer France during the Hundred Years’ War. Although she believed this, others disagreed and thought she was commiting herosine so they killed her.
Henry V
Henry V ruled England from 1413 until his death in 1422 and is one of England’s most popular kings. Famed for his victory over the French at the 1415 battle of Agincourt, during the Hundred Years’ War with France, the king is remembered for his military abilities.
Reconquista
The Reconquista was a centuries-long series of battles by Christian states to expel the Muslims (Moors), who from the 8th century ruled most of the Iberian Peninsula.
Queen Isabella
In terms of accomplishments, Isabella I unified Spain through her marriage to Ferdinand II of Aragon, and she financed the expedition of Christopher Columbus, leading to the discovery of the Americas.
King Ferdinand
During their joint reign, Ferdinand and Isabella expanded their territories, financing Christopher Columbus in his 1492 voyage, which resulted in discovery of the Americas.
Inquisition
The Inquisition was a powerful office set up within the Catholic Church to root out and punish heresy throughout Europe and the Americas.
Iberian Peninsula
The Iberian Peninsula also known as Iberia, is a peninsula in South-western Europe, defining the westernmost edge of Eurasia.
